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Competition between ryegrass and annual bluegrass due to the establishment time and the shoots and roots strata

Danúbia Quadros Roberto Costa Avila Neto Sylvio Dornelles Danie Sanchotene André Ulguim

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2022 | vol. 62 | No 4 | 350-357 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2022.143228

Keywords Lollium multiflorum neighborhood studies Poa annua

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Abstract

Ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is an important forage and suffers negative interference from weeds, like annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.). The competition of annual bluegrass with ryegrass can interfere with crop growth and reduce the amount of forage for animal feed. We aimed to evaluate the interference of annual bluegrass in ryegrass crops through the differentiation of niche and establishment. Two experiments were carried out testing different competition strata (shoot, root, and both) and ryegrass establishment with or after annual bluegrass, with increasing populations of annual bluegrass (0, 35, 139, 279, 419 plants m ^–2). The variables were plant height, height length of the root system, stem diameter, and fresh weight of shoot and root systems of ryegrass. The negative interference of growing populations of annual bluegrass occurred when in competition for the shoot and root systems of ryegrass. The fresh weight of shoots and roots were impacted when competing for the same strata. Ryegrass, established after the population of annual bluegrass, showed less competitive capacity. The negative interference of annual bluegrass in ryegrass is greater when the plants fully compete for the resources of the environment, and when the ryegrass establishes after the competitor.

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Authors and Affiliations

Danúbia Quadros

1

Roberto Costa Avila Neto

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Sylvio Dornelles

2

Danie Sanchotene

3

André Ulguim

1

Crop Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
Agrarian Sciences, Integrated Regional University, Santiago, Brazil

Human health risk assessment of pesticide residues in fruit, vegetable and cereal samples from Poland – a 5-year survey

Magdalena Jankowska Izabela Hrynko Bożena Łozowicka

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2022 | vol. 62 | No 4 | 385–392 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2022.143231

Keywords agricultural plants dietary exposure hazard quotient pesticide residues risk assessment

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Abstract

Human health risk assessment of pesticide residues in agricultural commodities is a key element of food safety strategy. The present study focused on potential risks resulting from selected fruit, vegetable and cereal samples with pesticide residues exceeding maximum residue levels (MRLs) from a 5-year survey of official control in Poland (2017–2021). A novel, common tool, the EFSA Pesticide Residue Intake Model PRIMo was used for short-term exposure calculation with embedded consumption data from EU Member States. The challenge of the research was to determine whether the International Estimated Short Time Intakes (IESTI) of toxic pesticides in the diet are acceptable or not. For the first time with long-term investigation which involved many legislative changes, we prepared a picture of the most dangerous pesticides present in fruits, vegetables and cereals for the most critical sub-populations of adults and children. We examined whether these substances have the potential to cause harm to humans. From the full spectrum of 545 analyzed pesticides, we considered 13 pesticides above safety limits in the concentration range of 0.03 to 2.5 mg · kg ^–1. The most frequently detected compound was the non-authorized, organophospate insecticide chlorpyrifos, which poses toxicological risks to humans. The results of acute exposure were up to 93% ARfD for adults and up to 130% for children. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) showed that consumption of agricultural plants with potential risk can be safe for adults and children, with some exceptions. Samples containing flonicamid/Brussel sprouts (HQ = 1.3) and chlorpyrifos/rucola (HQ = 1.1) could have negative health effects on humans. However, an approach which overestimates the exposure due to a worst-case scenario ensures the widest possible safety margin for the consumers.

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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Jankowska

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Izabela Hrynko

1

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Bożena Łozowicka

1

e-mail:

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Laboratory of Food and Feed Safety, Institute of Plant Protection – NRI, Bialystok, Poland

Protein and sugar content of tubers in potato plants treated with biostimulants

Małgorzata Głosek-Sobieraj Jadwiga Wierzbowska Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak Agnieszka Waśkiewicz

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2022 | vol. 62 | No 4 | 370-384 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2022.143227

Keywords biostimulants reducing sugars Solanum tuberosum L. sucrose total protein

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Abstract

The use of biostimulants and cultivar selection play an important role in modern potato farming because they influence tuber yield and quality. The nutritional value and processing suitability of potato tubers are affected by their content of total protein, reducing sugars and sucrose. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of biostimulants on the content of total protein, glucose, fructose and sucrose in potato tubers (skin, flesh and whole tubers with skin), at harvest and after 5 months of storage. The experimental materials included tubers of five edible potato cultivars: Irga, Satina, Valfi, Blaue St. Galler and HB Red. During the growing season, potato plants were treated with the following biostimulants: Asahi SL, Bio-Algeen S-90, Kelpak SL and Trifender WP. Control plants were not treated with biostimulants. The total protein content of tubers was determined by the Kjeldahl method. Simple sugars and sucrose were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. At harvest, total protein concentration was significantly higher in purple- and red-fleshed cultivars than in cream- and yellow-fleshed cultivars. An analysis of tuber parts revealed that flesh had the highest protein content. The total protein content of tubers increased during storage. Biostimulants had no significant effect on total protein concentration in tubers at harvest or after storage. The content of simple sugars and sucrose was higher in the skin, flesh and whole tubers of purple- and red-fleshed cultivars, than in cream- and yellow-fleshed cultivars. Potato tubers with colored flesh accumulated the highest amounts of total sugars. Biostimulants, in particular Bio-Algeen S-90 and Kelpak SL, contributed to the accumulation of monosaccharides and the disaccharide in potato tubers, and, in consequence, total sugars. Their concentrations in potato tubers increased during storage.

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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Głosek-Sobieraj

1

Jadwiga Wierzbowska

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Agnieszka Waśkiewicz

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland

Suppression of electrolyzed fertiliser solution (EFS) on Panama disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense on banana plantlets

Vu Anh Nguyen Ha Van Nguyen Phai Duy Do Hung Ngoc Tran

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2022 | vol. 62 | No 4 | 363-369 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2022.143230

Keywords banana electrolyzed fertilizer solution Fusarium wilt Panama disease

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Abstract

Electrolyzed fertilizer solution (EFS) was produced by passing an irrigation solution through an electrolization chamber in order to suppress fungal disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (Foc4) infecting banana plantlets. In the laboratory, EFS was prepared by electrolyzing solutions containing different amounts of potassium chloride and potassium nitrate. The results indicated a significant reduction in the conidial densities of Foc4 which was from 10 ⁶ spores · ml ^–1 to a maximum of 10 ^1.3 spores · ml ^–1 and depended on the concentration of components in the input flow. Eventually the EFS produced from the lowest one was chosen to treat banana plantlets. Greenhouse experiments gave contradictory results of inoculated plantlets irrigated with or without EFS. The untreated banana plantlets virtually showed symptoms of infection such as discoloration of cross-cut corms, rapid wilting and dying within 60 days, while the treated ones kept their shapes and grew normally. The drastic fall in the microbial population in the rhizosphere of treated plants confirmed the activity of oxidation agents which is the major mechanism of disease suppression. The results suggest that further studies of EFS in the field as a potential technique in fighting Panama wilt in the banana industry are necessary.

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Authors and Affiliations

Vu Anh Nguyen

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ha Van Nguyen

2

Phai Duy Do

3

Hung Ngoc Tran

4

Department of Environmental Physico-Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Department of Technology Application and Transfer, Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Central Analytical Laboratory, Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Department of Biotechnology, Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute, Hanoi, Viet Nam

A key for the identification of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genera Longidorus Micoletzky, 1922 and Paralongidorus Siddiqi, Hooper and Khan, 1963 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) occurring in Poland

Franciszek Kornobis

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2022 | vol. 62 | No 4 | 358-362 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2022.143229

Keywords Nematoda plant protection soil ecology taxonomy yield losses

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Abstract

Plant parasites of the genera Longidorus Micoletzky, 1922 and Paralongidorus Siddiqi, Hooper and Khan, 1963 comprise a group of plant root ectoparasites, some of which are known as pests of economic importance. Their importance is further augmented by the fact that several species are known to be vectors of nepoviruses. To date 16 species from the genus Longidorus and two from Paralongidorus have been recorded in Poland. Despite their economic importance in agriculture currently there is no regional key for species identification. This paper presents such a key. The key has many illustrations and is based mainly on traits which are easily observable even by less experienced users. Thus, it should provide a useful tool for both scientists and specialists working in the field of plant protection, soil ecology and zoology as well as for teaching purposes.

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Authors and Affiliations

Franciszek Kornobis

1

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ORCID:

Department of Entomology and Agricultural Pests, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland

Field evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi formulations against Rachiplusia nu (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybean crop

Matías Abalo Ana Clara Scorsetti María Florencia Vianna María Leticia Russo Juan Manuel De Abajo Sebastián Alberto Pelizza

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2022 | vol. 62 | No 4 | 403-410 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2022.143232

Keywords bioinsecticide biological control crop protection insect pests

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Abstract

Rachiplusia nu (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the main soybean plague in Argentina. The main strategy employed to control this pest is chemical control, applying different chemical groups regardless of their harmful effects on the environment and human health. Different biological products using entomopathogenic fungi have been developed and are commercially available to control different insect pests worldwide. The objective of this work was to develop and apply, under field conditions, different fungal formulations using entomopathogenic fungi to control R. nu larvae. The mortality percentages in bioassays of R. nu larvae treated with different colonies of fungal entomopathogens ranged between 86.6 ± 8.4% for Beauveria bassiana (LPSc 1098) and 56.6 ± 4.2% for Metarhizium anisopliae (LPSc 907). Under laboratory conditions using fungal formulations of B. bassiana, the formulation 4 (LPSc 1086) exhibited the highest mortality percentage (100%), followed by formulation 5 (LPSc 1098), 97 ± 1.3%. Under field conditions, larval mortalities were 82.4 ± 5.56% for formulation F4 and 61.8 ± 7.5% for formulation F5. The results obtained in this work indicate that although a greater number of tests under field conditions with the fungal formulation F4 are necessary, the results obtained in this work allow speculating that it is possible to use this fungal formulation under field conditions to control R. nu.

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Authors and Affiliations

Matías Abalo

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ana Clara Scorsetti

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

María Florencia Vianna

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

María Leticia Russo

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Juan Manuel De Abajo

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Sebastián Alberto Pelizza

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Instituto de Botánica Carlos Spegazzini, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina

Biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis on greenhouse bell pepper using Beauveria bassiana in combination with soil cover practices

María Emilia dos Santos Domingues Mariana Del Pino Andrea Vanesa Toledo

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2022 | vol. 62 | No 4 | 393-402 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2022.144096

Keywords biocontrol Capsicum annum entomopathogenic fungi TSWV western flower thrips

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Abstract

The excessive use of chemical products to control thrips and the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is not only harmful to human health, the environment, and biodiversity, but also the resistance these generate in insects turns them inefficient in the long run. Consequently, to achieve sustainable and residue-free production, control alternatives must be explored. This work proposes the use of Beauveria bassiana (BB) in combination with inter-row cover (IC) to reduce the population of thrips and the incidence of TSWV on bell pepper. For this purpose, a trial was carried out in a bell pepper greenhouse, consisting of four randomly distributed treatments with four repetitions of 66 plants each. The treatments assayed were: T (without BB inoculation or IC), TC (without BB inoculation and with IC), B (inoculated with BB), and BC (inoculated with BB and IC). The B. bassiana CEP147 strain was used based on its effectiveness in previous laboratory tests. After detecting one thrips per flower, five foliar spray applications were made at weekly intervals. The trial lasted 4 months. During this time, the number of thrips in the three central plants of each repetition, the presence of symptoms compatible with TSWV, as well as the number of fruits, and their weight, length, width and health were monitored weekly. Between the fourth and sixth weeks after the last application, a significant reduction in the population of total thrips (nymphs + + adults) was observed in both treatments B and BC compared to T and TC. In addition, plants with symptoms compatible with TSWV were very scarce, and the fruits showed significant differences in their quality parameters, producing the longest and heaviest in the BC treatment. The results showed that combining biological and cultural control makes sustainable pepper production possible.

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Authors and Affiliations

María Emilia dos Santos Domingues

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mariana Del Pino

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Andrea Vanesa Toledo

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Curso de Prácticas Profesionales I, Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Curso de Horticultura y Floricultura, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología (CIDEFI-CICBA), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Induction of defensive enzymes in sunflower plants treated with agrochemicals against Macrophomina phaseolina

Khadeeja Ahmed Sido Wazeer Ali Hassan

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2022 | vol. 62 | No 4 | 341-349 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2022.143233

Keywords charcoal rot chitosan oxidative enzymes salicylic acid Trichoderma harzianum

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Abstract

This study was carried out for the estimation of polyphenols (TP) and induction of oxidative enzymes polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) in sunflower plants through seed immersion in agrochemicals of salicylic acid (SA) and water soluble chitosan (CH) in addition to a conidial suspension of Trichoderma harzianum and then analysis of plant content of carbohydrates and protein. The highest level of PPO 253.3 U ꞏ min ^–1 was detected in 50 ppm SA for 6 h. Next was T. harzianum when catalyzed PPO with 193.67 U ꞏ min ^–1. Peroxidase was substantially catalyzed in accordance with the increment of inducers. Sunflower roots induced TP with up to 4.88 mg ꞏ g ^–1 in plants treated with SA at 50 ppm for 6 h and then declined with an increasing SA dose. The total carbohydrate content in leaves of 320 mg ꞏ 100 g ^–1 was found in treatments of CH at 50 ppm for 6 h. In roots, a carbohydrate content of 500 mg ꞏ 100 g ^–1 was observed using CH 75 ppm for 6 h. Trichoderma harzianum remarkably increased proteins in leaves and roots by up to 25% compared to 16.9% in the control. These results suggest that inducing the plants’ own defense mechanism by applying salicylic acid and chitosan and bio-control of T. harzianum may offer alternative methods for controlling charcoal rot of sunflower due to the creation of defensive enzymes and could support plant vigor by enhancement of its protein and carbohydrate content.

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Authors and Affiliations

Khadeeja Ahmed Sido

1

Wazeer Ali Hassan

1

e-mail:

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Plant Protection Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Duhok, Iraq

War just before the war. The military and army life in children's press: The case of the children's magazine Poranek [ Morning] (1937–1939)

Marcin Zaborski

Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej | 2022 | t. 25 | No 4 | 27-49 | DOI: 10.24425/rhpp.2022.143256

Keywords Polish press in the 20th century children’s magazines on the eve of World War II war and army stories victims and heroes

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Abstract

The article examines the presentation of wars, uprisings, and life in the Polish army in children's magazines in the years immediately preceding World War II. The analysis, primarily focused on Poranek. Tygodnik dla starszych dzieci [ The Morning — A Weekly for Older Children] (1937–1939) looks into the contexts of the publication of that content.

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Marcin Zaborski

1

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Instytut Nauk Społecznych, SWPS Uniwersytet Humanistycznospołeczny, ul. Chodakowska 19/31, PL 03-815 Warszawa

A monograph on magazines and newspapers for children and teen is finally here. A Review of Władysław Marek Kolasa, Krzysztof Woźniakowski and Michał Rogoż, Prasa dla dzieci i młodzieży 1824– 1918. Tom 1: Dzieje wydawnicze, [ Magazines and Newspapers for Children and Teens, 1824–1918, Vol I: Publication History], Kraków 2018, 359 pp.

Jerzy Jarowiecki

Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej | 2022 | t. 25 | No 4 | 105-110 | DOI: 10.24425/rhpp.2022.143259

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Jerzy Jarowiecki

Gazetka Radiowa (1937– 1938): An illustrated weekly magazine for older children and the radio guide market in interwar Poland

Izabela Krasińska

Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej | 2022 | t. 25 | No 4 | 81-102 | DOI: 10.24425/rhpp.2022.143258

Keywords Polish press in the 20th century radio magazines in interwar Poland children and teen magazines

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Abstract

The article presents a profile of Gazetka Radiowa published in Warsaw in 1937–1938, addressed to the youngest users of the radio, then a rapidly expanding new medium. The profile covers key aspects of the magazine's printing process, sales and marketing as well as an analysis of its content in comparison with other periodicals of this kind. An estimated fifty titles were launched in Poland in the radio guide market segment after the first issue of Przegląd Radiotechniczny went to print in 1923. While providing information about radio programmes and technology, they led the way in the transition to a new age of public communication.

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Izabela Krasińska

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Katedra Dziennikarstwa i Komunikacji Społecznej, Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, ul. Uniwersytecka 17, PL 25-406 Kielce

The Pall Mall Gazette and the 'New Journalism': The fallout in the Polish press

Krzysztof Stępnik

Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej | 2022 | t. 25 | No 4 | 5-25 | DOI: 10.24425/rhpp.2022.143255

Keywords British press and Polish press in the 19th century The Pall Mall Gazette investigative journalism William Thomas Stead (1849-1912) Edmund Naganowski (1853-1915)

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Abstract

The article examines the reception in Polish press of a series of articles published in The Pall Mall Gazette in 1885 exposing the widespread practice of child prostitution. The publication caused a huge scandal and led to changes in British criminal law and the rise of investigative journalism (dubbed 'New Journalism').

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Krzysztof Stępnik

1

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Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Plac Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 5, PL 20-031 Lublin

Our Authors

Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej | 2022 | t. 25 | No 4 | 115-117

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Twenty years of struggling on. A Review of Jolanta Chwastyk‑Kowalczyk, „Pro Libris”. Lubuskie Pismo Literacko‑Kulturalne (2001–2021), Warszawa 2022, 168 pp.

Mirosława Szott

Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej | 2022 | t. 25 | No 4 | 111-114 | DOI: 10.24425/rhpp.2022.143260

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Mirosława Szott

Philatelic magazines in Poland post-1945: An Overview. Part I. A General Profile: Magazines published by the Central Management Board of the Polish Philatelic Association and the local branches of the PPA

Aleksandra Lubczyńska

Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej | 2022 | t. 25 | No 4 | 51-78 | DOI: 10.24425/rhpp.2022.143257

Keywords Polish press in the 20th century philatelic magazines press market segments press research

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Abstract

This is the first part of a longer article on the post-war Polish philatelic press. It contains an overview of this press segment in the context of the rising interest in philately in Poland and a review of the magazines published by the Central Management Board of the Polish Philatelic Association and the local branches of the PPA.

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Aleksandra Lubczyńska

1

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Katedra Dziennikarstwa i Komunikacji Społecznej, Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, ul. Uniwersytecka 17, PL 25-406 Kielce

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