ln laboratory electrically heated entrained flow reactor with quasi one-dimensional laminar flow the influence of fuel properties on the nitrogen oxide emission for 23 coals of various rank from brown coal, bituminous coal to anthracites has been examined. For one brown coal type twofold increase of nitrogen content resulted in NO, emissions increase of about 30%. Increasing rank from brown coal to bituminous coal increases NO emissions and next a fall in the anthracites range. With nitrogen content increase NO - emission grows a~d the ratio of fuel nitrogen conversion to nitrogen oxide decreases. Experiments results and their statistical analysis were used to determine relationships describing NO, emissions and conversion ratio of fuel nitrogen to nitrogen oxide as functions of two variables. describing coal properties, i.e. nitrogen content and fuel ratio (fixed carbon to volatile matter ratio).

The short outlook at main problems related to pollutant migration modelling in the granular layer is critically discussed in the paper. The general model of pollutant migration in granular was transposed into dimensionless form. The general model was adapted to describe the examined decontamination technology and two operational models were differentiated due to the dominant mass transfer resistances in the system. The verification validated the functional effectiveness of the suggested model and its numerical implementation under different conditions. It approves the possibility of the practical application of the proposed method. The problem of influence of irregular distribution of negative mass sources (sorptivc agglomerates) on mass transport in the granular layer was underlined.

Aspiration dust probes of some isokinctic samplers have such a construction that enables them to measure the gas velocity at the point they arc placed in a duct, the measurement being required for maintaining isokinctic conditions and in determining the dust mass flow rate in the duct. The gas velocity is correlated with a probe specific pressure difference, a quantity measured directly when the train is in operation. This relationship is a mclrological characteristic of a given probe, being established in a calibration procedure. Two types of the above-mentioned probes, namely a pressure balance-type and an in-stack filtration probes (in two versions) combined with a type S velocity sensor, have been tested. The behaviour of the characteristics of the probes was studied in the flows of different turbulence at a laboratory stand. The achieved results, presented in the paper, show that the turbulence state of gas flow is the factor that shapes the mctrological characteristics. Facing the fact that the turbulence of gas flow in industrial installations is not identified during the dust concentration gravimetric measurements, this parameter constitutes a source of uncertainty of the gas velocity measurement. For the probes under test, the values of this uncertainty, varying with the gas velocity, were determined. The test and calculation procedures were described.

The paper contains the investigations of physical and chemical parameters of calcareous wastes as residuals in the soda production process. The possibility of using these wastes as a sorbent for dry and wet desulfurization of combustion gases from power stations is the main aim of presented data. The reactivity properties of that sorbent for dry method of desulfurization were obtained by AP test, while for wet method by ABB Flaki. On the basis of the obtained results high level of suitability of calcareous waste for wet dcsulfurization method was established (reactivity SRm* = 0.85), for dry desulfurization method suitability of the sorbent is limited by its high consumption up to 5 kg/kgSO2.

Celem pracy było poznanie zawartości Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd w glebach leśnych Parku Krajobrazowego "Podlaski Przełom Bugu". Badania pierwiastków śladowych w glebach były prowadzone na obszarze rezerwatu "Lęg Dębowy" oraz "Stary Las". Zawartość pierwiastków śladowych oznaczono metodą ASA w roztworze uzyskanym po mineralizacji prób glebowych w mineralizatorze mikrofalowym w stężonym kwasic azotowym oraz 30% nadtlenku wodoru. Badane gleby nic są zanieczyszczone metalami ciężkimi. Średnia geometryczna zawartość pierwiastków w badanych glebach tworzyła następujący szereg: Mn (229) > Zn (23, I) > Pb ( 15,0) > Cr ( 11,6) > Cu (7,4) > Ni (6,4) > Cd (0, 11) mg-kg:' s.m. Stwierdzono, że pierwiastki śladowe kumulowały się głównie w poziomach organicznych i mineralno-organicznych. Analiza statystyczna wykazała wysoce istotne korelacje pomiędzy badanymi metalami a zawartością części splawialnych i iłu koloidalnego oraz pomiędzy zawartością Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd a węglem organicznym.

Euphorbia epithymoides L. population has been the object of research both of the geobotanists as well as the ecologists for the last few year. The purpose of the research is efficient protection of this rare species occupying the scattered stations on Silcsian Upland. Euphorbia epithymoides L. population on the plot in Dąbrowa Górnicza - Sikorka occupies three characteristic habitat types, signed in the study as: I - pits of dump, 11 - flat plots, Ill - larch canopy. Greatest density of individuals occures under larch canopy. However the relation of blooming individuals to barren individuals is more profitable on the flat plot. TI1e spatial structure of investigated population is cluster - random, which is a typical phenomena for the plants with vegetative reproduction. The results we have obtained so far have shown that there arc many blooming individuals on the selected areas, although reproduction of this population occurs by vegetation. The small growth of numerical force of the euphorbia population proves that this species is endangered.

In the years 1999-2002 bryological investigations were carried out within the .Kuźnic" nature reserve located in the Beskid Śląski Mts. near the village Twardorzcczka (Lipowa commune, Żywiec district). The "Kuźnic" nature reserve lies between 800 and IO I O m above sea level and covers 7 .22 ha. In its area coniferous forest Abieti-Piceetum predominates. In the result of this research 59 taxa have been noted. The analysis of frequency range showed that overwhelming majority of the moss flora consists of very rare taxa (40.7%). The most important components of the moss flora arc: one partially protected species in Poland and many species which arc rare in the Beskid Śląski Mts., for example Anomodon rugelii, Cirriphyl/um tommasinii, Neckera crispa, Orthotrichum stramineum and Racomitrium aquaticum. Five main ecological groups of mosses were characterized in detail.

The results of investigation on the amount and chemical composition of biogas emitted from bottom sediments of polluted Dzierżno Duże dam reservoir have been presented. The bottom sediments could be a resource of considerable quantity of biogas, e.g. methane. The dilution of methane in water is similar to that of oxygen. The presence of methane dissolved in the water deteriorates environmental conditions. The quantity of biogas depending on temperature ranged from 2 to 12 dm3/m2*d. The biggest singular grow exist in the water temperature 10-15°C. Chemical composition for biogas is dependent on the temperature. Along with the water temperature growth from 7 to 24°C, participation of methane in the biogas increased from 73% to 85%, and the participation of nitrogen from 3.9% to 22.47%. The participation of carbon dioxide decreased from 22% to 4.5%. The heterogeneous process of biogas emission arc running in the kinetic and diffusion area is dependent on temperature. In the low temperature the progress of the process is controlled by the speed of biochemical reaction. The progress of the diffusion process grows in a high temperature, and in the range of 15-24° C the processes is controlled by diffusion of substrates and products of reaction.

The paper presents the results of the research on particle size distribution of dust emitted from drybottom boilers burning pulverized coal. A cascade impactor separated fly-ash particles into seven size fractions with the following equivalent aerodynamic diameters: 0.38; 0.88; 1.9; 2.9; 6.3; 10.0 μm. Cumulative size-specific emission factors were determined. In order to obtain some information on the trace elements distribution in the fly-ash size-fraction concentration of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Zr, Sr, Pb, Br was determined in the samples collected. The elemental analysis was performed by Proton Induced X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy. Small mass loadings obtained from the cascade impactor, which are often insufficient for other analytical methods, are well within the sensitivity range of the PIXE/RBS analysis. The results of the research concerning one of the domestic power stations arc presented as an example.