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Abstract

The occurrence of trace elements in coal and their concentration ranges are presented. The paper describes the origin of trace elements in coal, modes of accumulation, binding with mineral and organic matter as well as their behaviour during combustion. The presence of trace elements of coal origin should be taken into consideration when evaluating harmful impact of coal-fired fewnaces due to significant concentration of fly ash from combustion in suspended dust On the basis of analytical data emission of 15 trace elements from coal combustion in Poland is presented.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Staisz
Anna Pasoń-Konieczyńska
Jan Konieczyński
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Abstract

Paper brings a description of free motion of particles suspended in the atmospheric air and being under action of the gravitational field together with additional accelerations caused by their relative motion. Theoretical part of the paper presents physical background of the particles motion within rotating channels together with the simplified method allowing to determine efficiency of the dust separator. Experimental part of the paper describes the test stand layout together with details of the dust separator design and its principles of action. In the closing part final conclusions and suggested practical applications of the devices under investigation are presented.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tadeusz Knap
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Abstract

The paper characterises the method of estimating the size of the areas supplying radon to radon groundwater intakes. It is presented on the example of the intakes of radon groundwaters and radon acidulous waters of Lądek Zdrój, Świeradów Zdrój and Kowary. The results of appropriate calculations prove that the volume of rocks supplying radon to the groundwaters of particular intakes oscillates from over ten to several hundred thousand cubic metres. Considering the depth of the zone where radon saturation of these waters takes place, the area supplying this gas to particular intakes varies from several hundred to several thousand square metres. The largest areas of radon-222 supply are characteristic of the most discharge springs, while the smallest ones belong to the springs of low discharge, especially the intakes of groundwater mixture, where only one component supplies large quantities of radon-222. The recharge areas of groundwaters in which
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Authors and Affiliations

Tadeusz Andrzej Przylibski
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Abstract

Human motion is required in many simulation models. However, generating such a motion is quite complex and in industrial simulation cases represents an overhead that often cannot be accepted. There are several common file formats that are used nowadays for saving motion data that can be used in gaming engines or 3D editing software. Using such motion sets still requires considerable effort in creating logic for motion playing, blending, and associated object manipulation in the scene. Additionally, every action needs to be described with the motion designed for the target scene environment. This is where the Motion Model Units (MMU) concept was created. Motion Model Units represent a new way of transferring human motion data together with logic and scene manipulation capabilities between motion vendors and simulation platforms. The MMU is a compact software bundle packed in a standardized way, provides machine-readable capabilities and interface description that makes it interchangeable, and is adaptable to the scene. Moreover, it is designed to represent common actions in a task-oriented way, which allows simplifying the scenario creation to a definition of tasks and their timing. The underlying Motion Model Interface (MMI) has become an open standard and is currently usable in MOSIM framework, which provides the implementation of the standard for the Unity gaming engine and works on implementation for the Unreal Engine are under way. This paper presents two implementation examples for the MMU using direct C# programming, and using C# for Unity and MOSIM MMU generator as a helping tool. The key points required to build a working MMU are presented accompanied by an open-source code that is available for download and experimenting.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Kłodowski
1
Ilya Kurinov
1
Grzegorz Orzechowski
1
Aki Mikkola
1

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland
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Abstract

The total content of lead in soil from the battery plant site was determined and a speciation analysis of this element was carried out using Rudd's method of sequential extraction. It was found out that lead is present in soil samples mostly in a low mobility organically bound form, which under certain conditions can, however, be absorbed by plants, and in a moderately mobile carbonate form. Lead was extracted from soil using sodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sodium hydroxide solution and tests were also conducted to separate it from leaching solutions electrochemically. Extraction with Na2 -EDTA solution makes it possible to remove 86% of lead from soil, but the solution shows much lower lead extraction power when used for renewed leaching after having been electrochemically freed of lead. Extraction with NaOH solution gives worse results, namely only 70% of lead can be removed from soil, but the solution after having been electrochemically freed of Pb shows higher Pb leaching power when used for renewed leaching than in the case of Na2 - EDTA solution.
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Authors and Affiliations

Teofil Korolewicz
Marian Turek
ORCID: ORCID
Jerzy Ciba

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