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Abstract

This article presents the design of a miniaturized wearable patch antenna to be utilized for the body area network (BAN) applications. To reduce the size of the antenna a crown fractal geometry antenna design technique has been adopted, and which resulted in a size reduction of 26.85%. Further, the polyester cloth has been used as the substrate of the antenna to make the proposed antenna a flexible one, and suitable for wearable biomedical devices. The designed antenna functions for the 2.45 GHz ISM band and has the gain and bandwidth of 4.54 dB and 131 MHz respectively, covering the entire ISM band. The antenna characteristics like return loss (S11), directivity and radiation pattern have been simulated and analyzed. Specific absorption rate (SAR) and front to back ratio (FBR) of the proposed antenna at the human body tissue model (HBTM) in the planer and different bending conditions of the antenna have also simulated and analyzed, and the proposed antenna fulfils the desired design standards.
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Bibliography

[1] S. Sindhu, S. Vashisth and S. K. Chakarvati., “A review on wireless body area network (WBAN) for health monitoring system: Implementatioeen protocols,” Communications on Applied Electronics, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 16-20, Mar. 2016. [2] A. Amsaveni, M. Bharathi and J. N. Swaminathan, "Design and performance analysis of low SAR hexagonal slot antenna using cotton substrate,” Microsystems Technologies, vol. 25, no.6, pp. 2273-2278, Jun. 2019. [3] F. N. Giman, P. J. Soh, M. F. Jamlos, H. Lago, A. A. Al-Hadi and M. A. N. Abdulaziz, “Conformal dual-band textile antenna with metasurface for WBAN application,” Applied Physics A, vol. 123, no. 1, pp. 32 (1-7), Jan. 2017. [4] N. F. M. Aun, P. J. Soh, M. F. Jamlos, H. Lago and A. A. Al-Hadi, “A wideband rectangular-ring textile antenna integrated with corner-notched artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) plane,” Applied Physics A, vol.123, no.1, pp. 19 (1-6), Jan. 2017. [5] B. S. Dhaliwal, S. S. Pattnaik, “BFO-ANN ensemble hybrid algorithm to design compact fractal antenna for rectenna system,” Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 28, no 1, pp. 917-928, Dec. 2017. [6] C. A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design,” 2nd ed., Singapore: Wiley, 2005. [7] J. G. Joshi, S. S. Pattnaik and S. Devi, “Metamaterial embedded wearable rectangular microstrip patch antenna,” International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 2012, pp. 1-9, Sep. 2012. [8] S. Roy and U. Chakraborty, “Metamaterial based dual wideband wearable antenna for wireless applications,” Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 106, no. 3, pp. 1117-1133, Jun. 2019. [9] E. Thangaselvi and K. Meena alias Jeyanthi, “Implementation of flexible denim nickel copper rip stop textile antenna for medical application,” Cluster Computing, vol.22, no. 1, pp. 635-645, Feb. 2018. [10] M. P. Joshi, J. G. Joshi and S. S. Pattnaik, “Hexagonal slotted wearable microstrip patch antenna for body area network, IEEE Pune Section International Conference, 18-20 Dec. 2019. [11] A. Amsaveni, M. Bharathi and J. N. Swaminathan, “Design and performance analysis of low SAR hexagonal slot antenna using cotton substrate,” Microsystem Technologies, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 2273-2278, Jun. 2019. [12] E. A. Mohammad, A. Hasliza, H. A. Rahim, P. J. Soh, M. F. Jamlos, M. Abdulmalek and Y. S. Lee, “Dual-band circularly polarized textile antenna with split-ring slot for off-body 4G LTE and WLAN applications,” Applied Physics A, vol. 124, no. 8, pp. 568 (1-10), Aug. 2018. [13] M. E. Jalil., M. K. A. Rahim, N. A. Samsuri, R. Dewan and K. Kamardin, “Flexible ultra-wideband antenna incorporated with metamaterial structures: multiple notches for chipless RIFD application,” Applied Physics A, vol. 123, no. 1, pp. 48 (1-5), Jan. 2017. [14] P. J. Gogoi, S. Bhattacharyya and N. S. Bhattacharyya, “Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) as flexible substrate for wrist and arm antennas in C-band,” Journal of Electronic Materials, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1071-1080, Apr. 2015. [15] M. N. Ramli., P. J. Soh, M. F. Jamlos, H. Lago., N. M. Aziz and A. A. Al-Hadi, “Dual-band wearable fluidic antenna with metasurface embedded in a PDMS substrate,” Applied Physics A, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 149 (1-7), Feb. 2017. [16] http://www.fcc.gov/encylopedia/specific-absorption-rate-sar-cellulattelephones. [17] A. Y. I. Ashyap, Z. Z. Abidin, S. H. Dahlan, H. A. Majid, M. R. Kamarudin and A. A. Alhameed, “Robust low-profile electromagnetic band-gap- based on textile wearable antennas for medical application,” International workshop on Antenna Technology, Small Antennas, Innovative Structures, and Applications, Athens, Greece, 1-3 Mar. 2017.
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Authors and Affiliations

Vikas Jain
1
Balwinder Singh Dhaliwal
2

  1. Research Scholar of IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
  2. Faculty of Electronics & Communication Engineering Department, National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research, Chandigarh, India

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