This paper explores the relationship of self-efficacy to the individual’s academic and social abilities in the process of foreign language learning, analyzing the construct of self-efficacy and its domains (academic, self-regulatory and emotional), and providing insight into the issue of language anxiety, which is specific to foreign language acquisition. The empirical part the research on the relationship between self-efficacy domains and language anxiety, meanwhile, ultimately shows that the modern language cannot be viewed or assessed like any other school subject due to its serious impact on the self of the student.