Artykuł pokazuje dorobek architektoniczny powstały w ramach realizacji Centralnego Okręgu Przemysłowego w kontekście konieczności jego zachowania i ochrony. Prezentowane są wybrane zagadnienia i problemy związane z aktualnym stanem technicznym obiektów budowlanych, zarówno przemysłowych jak i mieszkalnych. Analizie poddany jest również wpływ współczesnych doktryn konserwatorskich na możliwości zachowania dzieł architektury COP-u przy specyficznych warunkach własnościowych, niewielkiej świadomości użytkowników i właścicieli oraz dużym niedoborze źródeł historycznych i planistycznych.

Artykuł omawia reprezentatywne przykłady willi modernistycznych wznoszonych w ramach budowy przyzakładowych osiedli patronackich powstających w trakcie realizacji Centralnego Okręgu Przemysłowego. Autor opisuje budynki zwracając uwagę na ich rolę w układach urbanistycznych, pokazuje rozwiązania funkcjonalne oraz ich ukształtowanie architektoniczne. Analiza wybranych przykładów pozwala na zobrazowanie zbliżonych mechanizmów określających procesy twórcze a także skojarzeń tworzących zunifikowaną paletę rozwiązań przestrzennych przy zachowaniu indywidualizmu poszczególnych budynków. Wille pochodzące z obszarów najważniejszych inwestycji copowskich okazują się pomimo różnic formalnych, zbliżone do siebie w warstwie ideowej warsztatu architektonicznego, który je kreował. Pełniąc rolę estetyczną, użytkową i wizerunkową obiekty te wpisują się w wielowymiarowy kanon dziedzictwa architektonicznego COP-u stanowiąc o jego trwałości i dojrzałości.

The objective of this work is to present an energy analysis of different absorption refrigerating systems operating with diverse refrigerants. Also is applied the method of experimental design to optimize configurations proposed by the absorption pairs used and the operating conditions. Both acceptable coefficient of performance and low operating generator temperature are scrutinised. Therefore, a computer program is developed. An investigation of the thermodynamic properties is presented. Results show the coefficient of performance evolution versus respectively the evaporator temperature, temperature of condensation and generator temperature. A particular interest is devoted to the intermediate pressure effect on the performance of different systems. In order to better converge in the selection of the configuration and the refrigerant, which can ensure a high coefficient of performance associated to relatively low operating generator temperature the plan of experiments has been developed, taking in account all parameters influencing the system performance and the function of operating temperature. Results show that the refrigerating machine containing a compressor between the evaporator and the absorber has a coefficient of performance quite acceptable and that it can work at low generator temperature for about 60 ◦C and using the NH3/LiNO3 as refrigerant.

Synthetic refrigerants are being phased out gradually in accordance with international environmental protection protocols because of global warming and ozone layer depletion. Adopting R290/R600 refrigerant, an environmentally friendly refrigerant, to replace R134a, a high global warming potential refrigerant, provides one of the solutions. In this study, exergy analysis of R134a and TiO₂ suspended with lubricant and R290/R600 with a composition of 60% R290 and 40% R600 (60:40) was investigated in vapour compression system (VCRS) using R290/ R600 in TiO₂ nanomixture lubricant and compared with R134a and R290/ R600 in pure lubricant. At the inlets and outlets, the main components of the VCRS are connected to temperature and pressure sensors to measure the inlet and outlet temperatures and pressures. The results obtained were used to analyses the exergy losses at various VCRS components (compressor, condenser, evaporator, expansion valve) were investigated to determine the refrigerator’s total exergy destruction (E·x_dest.Total) and efficiency (η_ex). The E·x_dest.Total of R290/R600 in pure lubricant and R290/R600 TiO₂ nanomixture lubricant was reduced by 26.9% and 42.3%, respectively, and system η_ex increased by 27.7% and 38.9% respectively when compared to R134a in the system. Hence, TiO₂ suspended with R290/R600 is potential a substitute for R134a.

Paper deals with theoretical analysis of possible efficiency increase of compression refrigeration cycles by means of application of a twophase ejector. Application of the two phase ejector in subcritical refrigeration system as a booster compressor is discussed in the paper. Results of exergy analysis of the system operating with various working fluids for various operating conditions have been shown. Analysis showed possible exergy efficiency increase of refrigeration compression cycle.

This article examines the role of environmental human rights and the rights of nature in the era of the Anthropocene. The research question is whether the concept of the Anthropocene itself is a constructive remedy for the ecological destruction.
The United Nations General Assembly resolution acknowledging a universal human right to clean environment is a ground-breaking event in a long process of the creation of such a right. This article examines the status quo of this right at present, both generally and in regional human rights treaties, as well as in the relevant case law and literature. The rights of nature are also examined, as they have become a very topical issue in light of the recent decision of the Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity, which expressly grants such a right. The question which may be posed is whether the approach adopted by the Anthropocene – which treats all actors equally – reflects the reality. The Western (Global North) approaches to the destruction of the Earth are contested by the Global South. The fractured approaches (by both the Global South and the Global North) to the decline of the environment may render questionable the suitability of the Anthropocene paradigm.

The paper presents selected issues relating to the energy analysis of the air heat pump for hot water. Experimental studies on a test stand made it possible to verify the operational parameters of the heat pump under actual conditions of use. The study shows that heating the water in the storage tank with the capacity of 130 dm3 from 25°C to 40°C took approximately 60 minutes and the water heating for another 5°C took 30 minutes longer. The heat pump process in the field of higher water temperature in the tank is less effective, thus heating the water in the tank above 50°C is less favorable economically.

Performance assessment of ejector-expansion vapor compression refrigeration system with eco-friendly R134a alternative refrigerants (R152a, R1234yf, R600a, R600, R290, R161, R32, and propylene) is presented for air-conditioning application. Ejector has been modeled by considering experimental data based correlations of component efficiencies to take care of all irreversibilities. Ejector area ratio has been optimized based on maximum coefficient of performance (COP) for typical air-conditioner operating temperatures. Selected refrigerants have been compared based on area ratio, pressure lift ratio, entrainment ratio, COP, COP improvement and volumetric cooling capacity. Effects of normal boiling point and critical point on the performances have been studied as well. Using ejector as an expansion device, maximum improvement in COP is noted in R1234yf (10.1%), which reduces the COP deviation with R134a (4.5% less in basic cycle and 2.5% less in ejector cycle). Hence, R1234yf seems to be best alternative for ejector expansion system due to its mild flammability and comparable volumetric capacity and cooling COP. refrigerant R161 is superior to R134a in terms of both COP and volumetric cooling capacity, although may be restricted for low capacity application due to its flammability.

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