We described a first case of resistance to eprinomectin in goat herd in Poland in which resistance to benzimidazoles had been previously reported. The herd was established in 2011 by purchasing several goats from a single herd in south-eastern Poland. Resistance to benzimidazoles in the herd was first reported in 2017. Shortly after the owner started to signal low effectiveness of the treatment with eprinomectin. In June 2018 the larval development test from pooled faecal sample was performed and the results indicated the presence of resistance to macrocyclic lactones and levamisole. In July 2018 a faecal egg count (FEC) reduction test was performed in 39 animals with levamisole, eprinomectin and one untreated control group. Drugs were used in doses recommended for goats. Three methods of calculation of FEC reduction were compared. After eprinomectin treatment, FEC reduction ranged from 0 to 20%, depending on the method of calculation. FEC reduction following levamisole treatment was 100%. Main species present in the faecal samples after treatment and in larvicidal concentrations in larval development test was Haemonchus contortus. This is the first report of anthelminthic resistance to macrocylic lactones (eprinomectin) in goats in Poland.

The artificially made kernels from ground wheat grain, commercial wheat starch and wheat proteinaceous a-amylase inhibitors in different proportions were used as feed for adults of the granary weevil iSitophilus granarius L.). In the case of larvae of the confused flour beetle (Tribolium con/usum Duv.) and the Mediterranean flour moth (Anagasta kuehniella Zell.) the friable feed mixture were used. The survival of S. granarius adults has not been correlated with the soluble proteins extracted from wheat and amylolytic activity located in this protein fraction. On the other hand the weight of dust (the index of feeding intensity) produced during feeding has depended on the presence of a-amylase and trypsin inhibitors in wheat-based feed. A. kuehniella larvae have not developed at all on feed consisted of 50% wheat starch and 50% of crude a-amylase inhibitors from wheat. The same feed has caused 15.1 days of extension in development time of T. confusum larvae. It attests to specific native enzymatic apparatus existing in alimentary canals of three damaging grain species which can overcome some obstacles even if extremely highly active insect a-amylase inhibitors were present in feed. However, the sufficient nutrient should be available in feed compounds. Nevertheless, some reduction of insects population can be expected.