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An Invasion of Tricksters. Critical Remarks on Bruno Latour’s Social Theory and Its Polish Reception

Michał Kaczmarczyk
Studia Socjologiczne | 2019 | No 4 | 5-44 | DOI: 10.24425/sts.2019.130277
Keywords contructivism Actor-Network Theory Bruno Latour sociology of science
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Abstract

The number of publications inspired by Bruno Latour’s social thought has significantly grown in Poland over the last decade. Among them there are theoretical analyses, research programms as well as projects of social engineering. This situation makes it urgent to examine the credibility of Latour’s vision of science and society. The present article claims that the premises as well as arguments of the French thinker are not only fallacious but also dangerous. A number of absurdities following from the actor-network theory become evident in the works of the Polish followers of Latour. Thus the article focuses on selected examples of them. In the conclusion the author indicates certain advantages for Latour’s readers and formulates several hypotheses about the possible reasons for Latour’s growing popularity.

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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Kaczmarczyk

Imaginaries of Care and Science in Anthropocene Utopian Futurology: The Sociology of Science in Kim S. Robinson’s The Ministry for the Future

Marcin Zaród
Studia Socjologiczne | 2024 | No 2 | 185-204 | DOI: 10.24425/sts.2024.151016
Keywords Anthropocene sociology of science discourse analysis science fiction futurism
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Abstract

The article analyzes climate fiction utopia ‘Ministry for the Future’ by Kim S. Robinson. The analytical method relies on the framework of sociotechnical imaginaries proposed by Sheila Jasanoff and Sang-Hyun Kim and combines it with the critical history of science and feminist studies of care. Since in the process of writing the novel its author went through numerous consultations with scientists, in the article this oeuvre is analyzed both as a piece of science fiction and as a futurology essay. It is examined how the institutions of science are portrayed, how society of citizens is imagined and how this vision of the future remains trapped in the misconceptions regarding science that result from the Cold War modernistic propaganda of science. On the basis of this analysis, the article offers a discussion of how the imaginaries of Anthropocene are likely to repeat such tropes, unless history of science and sociology of science during the Cold War becomes a necessary part of the Anthropocene studies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Zaród
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Uniwersytet SWPS

The Social Creation of Demarcation Criteria Between Science and Pseudoscience

Katarzyna Krzemińska
Filozofia i Nauka | 2021 | Tom 9 | Część 1 | 109-125
Keywords sociology of science scientific societies pseudoscience science social institutions
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Abstract

In the paper I address the problem of consolidation of the borders of the world of science by scientific institutions—in this case, Polish scientific societies of various fields. Basing on the analysis of the statutes of selected societies, I formulate a list of research questions that concern the role of scientific societies in distinguishing between what is considered scientific and what is not. These questions can be used in a more in-depth research. I adopt a constructivist perspective, focus on the ways in which science is produced and separated from pseudoscience, and do not address the (in)accuracy of claims rejected by the scientific world.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Krzemińska
1
  1. studentka studiów II stopnia z socjologii, Instytut Socjologii, Wydział Filozoficzny, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, ul. Grodzka 52, 31–044 Kraków

In history we trust? Piotr Kowalewski Jahromi in conversation with Verónica Tozzi Thompson

Piotr Kowalewski Jahromi
Historyka Studia Metodologiczne | 2023 | tom 53 | 131-138 | DOI: 10.24425/hsm.2023.147360
Keywords epistemology of witness trust in history philosophy of science sociology of science historical method
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Abstract

In this interview, conducted during the XXIII International Congress of Historical Sciences in Poznan, Verónica Tozzi Thompson (professor of Philosophy of History at the University of Buenos Aires in Argentina) discusses historiography in Argentina and recent trends in historical theory, in particular the epistemology of the witness. She addresses important issues concerning key concepts for the philosophy and sociology of history: truth and trust. In addition, Tozzi Thompson discusses the differences and connections between analytic and narrativist philoso-phy of history and recommends some further readings.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Kowalewski Jahromi
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach

History of Science and Sociology of Science - the Sociological Aspects of Thomas S. Kuhns Conception of the Development of Knowledge

Ewa Kopczyńska
Historyka Studia Metodologiczne | 2005 | vol. 35 | 23-35
Keywords science history of science sociology of science paradigm scientific revolution community of scholars
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Abstract

The paper analyses Thomas S. Kuhn's theory of the development of science interpreted as a sociological conception. Kuhn's visions of dealing with history as well as eventual controversies connected with its application are discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Kopczyńska

The Philosopher Ahead of His Time. Ludwik Fleck and the Complexity of Science (Communication and Notes)

Emanuele Coco
Filozofia i Nauka | 2020 | Tom 8 | Część 2 | 177-183
Keywords philosophy of science sociology of science Thomas Kuhn Ludwik Fleck thought collective thought style
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Abstract

The new edition in Italian of the articles by the Polish microbiologist and philosopher Ludwik Fleck (1896–1961) edited by Francesco Coniglione offers the opportunity for some considerations around this significant scholar. Fleck anticipates Kuhn’s ideas as well as those of the sociology of science. For him, any epistemology that does not take psychological and sociological methods into account, or that does not concern itself with economics, technology, art, and even politics, is an epistemology imaginabilis. Here we discuss some key points of the essays collected in the book, some observations taken from the rich introduction of the editor, and an inevitable question: Why has Fleck been neglected for so long?

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Authors and Affiliations

Emanuele Coco

Why collaboration with men is dominating in science? Gender homophily among 25,000 academic scientists

Marek Kwiek Wojciech Roszka
Nauka | 2021 | No 1 | 39-78 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2021.136304
Keywords research collaboration coauthorships sociology of science publication patterns academic career probabilistic record linkage Polish academic science
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Abstract

We examined the male-female collaboration practices of all internationally visible Polish university professors (N = 25,463) based on their Scopus-indexed publications from 2009–2018 (158,743 journal articles). We merged a national registry of 99,935 scientists with the Scopus publication database, using probabilistic and deterministic record linkage. Our database (“The Polish Science Observatory”) included all professors with at least a doctoral degree employed in 85 researchinvolved universities. We determined an “individual publication portfolio” for every professor. The gender homophily principle (publishing predominantly with scientists of the same sex) was found to apply to male scientists — but not to females. The majority of male scientists collaborate solely with males; most female scientists, in contrast, do not collaborate with females at all. Gender homophily in research-intensive institutions proved stronger for males than for females. Finally, we used a multi-dimensional fractional logit regression model to estimate the impact of gender and other individual-level and institutional-level independent variables on gender homophily in research collaboration.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Kwiek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Roszka
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Centrum Studiów nad Polityką Publiczną, Katedra UNESCO Badań Instytucjonalnych i Polityki Szkolnictwa Wyższego UAM w Poznaniu
  2. Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu

The Globalization of Science: The Increasing Power of Individual Scientists

Marek Kwiek
Nauka | 2021 | No 4 | 37-66 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2021.137642
Keywords global science sociology of science quantitative science studies science of science globalization publishing patterns collaboration patterns academic profession
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Abstract

Science at the state level consists of two distinct and heterogeneous systems: the global science system and national science systems. National science systems are deeply embedded in global science, and states seek to use global knowledge for domestic economic needs. However, harnessing the wealth of global knowledge can only be done through scientists. Consequently, the scientific strength of states in practice depends on the scientific strength of individual scientists. Their ability to collaborate internationally and to tap into the global scientific network is crucial. By remaining outside it and working within local research programs, the academic community risks being marginalized, losing the interest of national research funding patrons, and losing the ability to influence the development of science.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Kwiek
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Centrum Studiów nad Polityką Publiczną, Katedra UNESCO Badań Instytucjonalnych i Polityki Szkolnictwa Wyższego UAM w Poznaniu

Global science and academic age of Polish researchers

Marek Kwiek Wojciech Roszka
Nauka | 2022 | No 2 | 35-70 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2022.140330
Keywords global science academic age sociology of science quantitative science studies science of science publishing patterns academic profession
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Abstract

In this text, we analyze the limitations of using academic age as a proxy for biological age in the whole national science system, for which we consider both biological age and academic age of all researchers from all Polish universities, holding at least a PhD degree and participating in global academic science through international publications (N = 20 569). An approximation of a researcher's functioning in global science is having at least one publication indexed in the Scopus database in the analyzed decade 2009–2018. Thus, using the example of comprehensive data from the entire national system of science, we estimate the extent of limitations of using academic age as a proxy for biological age depending on selected independent variables and analyze both the practical and methodological implications of using academic age in academic career research, which is one of the most important components of quantitative studies of science.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Kwiek
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Roszka
ORCID: ORCID

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