The remarkable development of sanitation in Morocco has inevitably led to the production of sludge generated from wastewater treatment plants in increasing quantities. Consequently, the problem of sludge management becomes persistent and worrying.

The aim of this paper was to contribute to the study of sewage sludge management issue in Morocco by identifying the various constraints hampering the sustainable disposal and/or recovery of municipal sewage sludge and drawing up rec-ommendations for the decision-makers. Moreover, in the context of improving by learning from best practices and seeking common solutions regarding this problematic, benchmarking with other countries has been conducted as well.

To carry out this study, a methodological approach was defined based on bibliographic research, surveys, interviews and benchmarking.

The constraints hampering the sustainable management of sludge are numerous and complex, they have not been tech-nical and environmental but also a regulatory, institutional-organizational and economic-financial nature yet. Therefore, municipalities, government and academia ideally would be encouraged to participate in the decision-making process re-garding the management of sewage sludge. Technical solutions, when coupled with stakeholder participation, can lead to policy implementation with a higher chance of improving the present situation.

In the case of Morocco, when comparing with others sludge recovery and disposal routes, land application (reuse in ag-riculture, silviculture and rehabilitation of degraded soils) remains the most environmentally friendly option, as well as a sustainable and economically viable solution.

This research investigates sustainable solid waste management practices at the State Company for the Manufacture of Medicines and Medical Supplies in Samarra. Using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) ver. 23, key variables such as education, participation, implementation, and policy were analysed to assess their impact on environmental balance. A sample of 62 staff members was surveyed from a population of 785, ensuring reliability and representative insights. The study revealed high internal consistency and validity for the analysed variables. Sustainable management dimensions were thoroughly explored, and the average score for sustainable management was found to be 3.102, indicating a strong level of agreement among participants regarding these dimensions. Specific hypotheses related to education, participation, implementation, and policy were confirmed through robust statistical analyses. Variation analysis revealed statistically significant differences in sustainable management dimensions and their impact on environmental balance. Regression analysis demonstrated relationships between participation, implementation, policy, and environmental balance, with R² (coefficient of determination) values indicating the explanatory power of these relationships. The results underscore the critical role of education, participation, implementation, and policy in achieving environmental balance within the context of sustainable waste management practices. This study contributes valuable insights into effective strategies for promoting environmental sustainability in waste management initiatives, emphasising the importance of targeted interventions in education, participatory engagement, implementation strategies, and policy frameworks.

Lake Limboto, situated in Gorontalo, Indonesia, confronts severe threats jeopardizing its sustainability. Widespread deforestation in the watershed area has led to excessive sedimentation within the lake, consequently diminishing its water storage capacity and compromising its flood control function. This degradation has manifested itself in downstream droughts during the dry season and flooding during the rainy season. Historical data reveals a stark reduction in Lake Limboto’s size, plummeting from approximately 3,644.5 ha in 1991 to around 2,693.9 ha in 2017. This study aims to provide comprehensive examination of the interplay between the socioeconomic status of the local community and their understanding of the lake ecosystem. Furthermore, it delves into how these factors produce synergies that shape and impact community involvement in sustainable lake management initiatives. Hypothesis testing yielded significant results, affirming the existence of a positive correlation between socioeconomic status, knowledge of the lake ecosystem, and active community participation in sustainable lake management efforts. The findings underscore the critical importance of socioeconomic factors that need to be considered when designing strategies for the preservation and sustainable management of Lake Limboto. Integrating the community into conservation initiatives is necessary, given their intrinsic relationship with the lake. By acknowledging and leveraging the nexus between socioeconomic status, ecological knowledge, and active participation, stakeholders can formulate more effective and inclusive strategies for safeguarding Lake Limboto’s ecological integrity. This study contributes valuable insights for policymakers, environmentalists, and local communities alike, emphasizing the necessity of collaborative efforts to ensure the long-term resilience and vitality of Lake Limboto.