Naukowcy specjalizują się w coraz węższych dziedzinach i często trudno się zrozumieć fizykowi cząstek elementarnych z fizykiem półprzewodników, a tym bardziej fizykowi z biologiem czy lekarzem. Dlatego prace interdyscyplinarne są trudne. A jednak czasem się udają. Na przykład uczonym z Instytutu Wysokich Ciśnień PAN.

The Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences (Bull.Pol. Ac.: Tech.) is published bimonthly by the Division IV Engineering Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences, since the beginning of the existence of the PAS in 1952. The journal is peer‐reviewed and is published both in printed and electronic form. It is established for the publication of original high quality papers from multidisciplinary Engineering sciences with the following topics preferred: Artificial and Computational Intelligence, Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, Civil Engineering, Control, Informatics and Robotics, Electronics, Telecommunication and Optoelectronics, Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Thermodynamics, Material Science and Nanotechnology, Power Systems and Power Electronics.

Journal Metrics: JCR Impact Factor 2018: 1.361, 5 Year Impact Factor: 1.323, SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2017: 0.319, Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2017: 1.005, CiteScore 2017: 1.27, The Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education 2017: 25 points.

Abbreviations/Acronym: Journal citation: Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech., ISO: Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci.-Tech. Sci., JCR Abbrev: B POL ACAD SCI-TECH Acronym in the Editorial System: BPASTS.

U-turn lanes eliminate left turns at intersections and allow the manoeuvre to be made via median crossovers beyond the intersection. However, there are many situations where road infrastructures are characterized by the reduced width of the median. It is clear that, in such situations, we must adopt design criteria that take into account limitations imposed by the width of the cross-section of the road. This is the reason why it is necessary to adopt design solutions which expect a complete reorganization of the road section affected by the insertion of U-turns. In this paper, we intend to propose original guidelines for U-turn lane design, suitable to guarantee both the necessity to offer a high level of functionality of the road sections to be implemented by U-turns, and the principles of safety in order to reduce unsafe conditions during inversion manoeuvres as much as possible.

The article discusses the architecture of the parish church in Czarnca (1640 – around 1655), which up till now has not been discussed in detail by researchers. The innovative construction solutions used in the church are part of a wider European environment, in which architects were looking for ways to make better use of natural sunlight for interior lightning in buildings.

Wiele badań pokazuje, że hałas jest szkodliwy dla ludzi i zwierząt. Również nadmiar sztucznego światła wpływa destrukcyjnie na ekosystemy.

Daylight character in a space can be defined as the manner in which daylight permeates and is dispersed in that space. The architectural elements related to daylighting under investigation in this study were rooted in Iranian-Isfahani heritage, considered traditional Iranian architecture (from the 16th to early 20th century). The establishment of a classification system for daylighting systems holds significant utility. This study aims to delineate the architectural components present in Isfahani-style structures that facilitate the ingress of daylight, thereby enhancing the indoors.
The methodology employed in this research relies on subjective observation and photographic documentation. Based on the findings of this study, architectural daylighting elements can be organized into four distinct categories: Controllers, Scatterers, Filterers, and Modifiers. This classification system delineated these categories based on the observed order in their complexity (in terms of both quantity and quality of daylight treatment), function (pertaining to lighting, view-out, or shading), material characteristics (including transparency, roughness, and brightness), and their impact on daylighting (such as distribution, colour rendition, and intensity). Daylight Controllers encompassed elements like the hurno (skylight), the ravaq, the sabat, and the tabesh-band/sarsayeh/kharakpoush (shading devices), while daylight Scatterers encompassed the shabak, the rozan, the pachang (windows and doors), and the muqarnas (an ornamental feature of skylight). Daylight Filterers, representing more advanced elements when compared to the previous two categories, included the goljam (windows) and the jam-khaneh (skylights). The most intricate daylight manipulation elements were the daylight Modifiers, exemplified by the orosi (windows) and the roshandan (skylight)