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Abstract

The analysis and assessment of the development of solar energy were carried out and it was noted that the production of solar electricity in the world has increased by more than 15% over the last year. In 2020 there are more than 37 countries with a total photovoltaic capacity of more than one GW, and the share of solar energy in total world electricity production was 8.15%. In the regional context, the largest production of electricity by solar energy sources is in Asia (at the expense of India and China) and North America (USA). The study assesses the main factors in the development of solar energy from the standpoint of environmental friendliness and stability of the electricity supply. The problem of the utilization of solar station equipment in the EU and the US is considered. According to the IPCC, IEA, Solar Power Europe, forecasting the development of solar energy in the world is considered. It is proved that the main factor in assessing the economic efficiency of solar energy production is a regional feature due to natural and climatic conditions (intensity of solar radiation). The use of solar generation is auxiliary for the operation of modern electrical networks as long as the efficiency of photovoltaic cells increases by at least 60–65%. Marginal costs of solar energy are minimal in those countries where active state support is provided. The competitiveness of solar energy is relatively low. However, from the standpoint of replacing energy fuel at a cost of USD 10 per 1 Gcal of solar energy saves 10–20 million tons of conventional fuel. Industrial production of solar electricity at modern solar power plants forms a price at the level of USD 250–450 for 1 MWh.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yevheniia Sribna
1
ORCID: ORCID
Viktor Koval
2
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Olczak
3
ORCID: ORCID
Dmytro Bizonych
4
Dominika Matuszewska
5
ORCID: ORCID
Oleksandr Shtyrov
6

  1. National University of Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine
  2. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
  3. Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
  4. Etalontechservice LLC, Kharkiv, Ukraine
  5. AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
  6. Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, Mykolaiv
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Abstract

The Ukrainian energy sector’s crucial problems, in particular, the outmoded equipment, the power

infrastructure shortcoming and a significant backlog in the energy supply quality from the European

one, based on the SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index) indicator comparison,

has been disclosed in this article. A considerable break in the energy supply quality in both

rural and urban settlements has been also revealed. The current state of the alternative energy development

has been described, the energy generation structure, as well as the rates of development

of the renewable energy sources’ usage have been analyzed. Some challenges in the imbalance of

the renewable energy sources’ usage and their analyzed consequences have been identified, among

others, the generation volume abruptness by both SPP and WPP, requiring maneuvering with the

traditional sources’ employer. The negative effect of the “green” tariff as the main priming stimulus

for the renewable energy facilities’ construction has been proven. Generally and particularly, the

financial influence level on the state has been analyzed, being manifested in the debts’ accumulation

to energy producers. The residual capability of solving the problems of alternative energy

development has been considered, in particular, the “green” auctions announced by the state, the

formation of the optimal predicted level of energy generation by SPP and WPP in order to prevent

sharp disparities in both electricity demand and supply. The biogas plants’ facilities as a ponderable

choice to both solar and wind generation have been analyzed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Viktoriia Dergachova
Zhanna Zhygalkevych
Yevhen Derhachov
Yana Koleshnia
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Abstract

The article analyzes and evaluates the development of renewable energy from the standpoint of state regulation and incentives. It is noted that the global production of renewable electricity has increased by 15% over the last year. The periods of introduction of the “green tariff” as an economic stimulus for the development of solar energy, which became the starting point for the development of alternative generation in different countries, are analyzed. The role of institutional factors in the development of renewable energy, such as the free issuance of licenses for electricity generation, stimulating the creation of specialized research areas, technology development and production of relevant equipment, was observed. The necessity of taking into account the regional peculiarity in the state stimulation of the development of renewable energy is proved. The economic efficiency of the state regulation of alternative energy in time measurement per conditional unit of alternative renewable energy stations was calculated, taking the coefficient of proportionality into account. Therefore, the calculation indicates the high effectiveness of government policy in regulating energy in terms of only short-term lag (α = 1.3) and the number of stations 80 percent of full saturation relative to the basic needs of energy consumption. A separate further stage in the development of renewable energy without the introduction and expansion of the “green tariff” has been identified. This approach was introduced in Poland, which ensured the country not only the inflow of foreign investment, but also the formation of free competition among investors.
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Authors and Affiliations

Viktor Koval
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yevheniia Sribna
2
ORCID: ORCID
Sylwester Kaczmarzewski
3
ORCID: ORCID
Alla Shapovalova
4
Viktor Stupnytskyi
5

  1. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
  2. National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Ukraine
  3. Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute Polish Akademy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
  4. V.I. Vernadsky Taurida National University, Ukraine
  5. Dubno Branch Higher Education Institution «Open International University of Human Development «Ukraine», Ukraine
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Abstract

The article proposes a methodology for the formation of a combined model of the equilibrium values of pricing and the volume of electricity production, taking into account green and traditional sources of electricity production on the example of Ukraine. In accordance with the projected price and volume of electricity production in 2021, a model for redistributing electricity sources were considered, taking into account the minimization of budgetary resources and the risk of electricity production with appropriate restrictions in the production of various types of electricity and their impact on minimizing the price for the end user.
The studies have shown that important factors in the formation of electricity prices are indicators of the cost and volume of production, distribution and transportation of electricity to consumers, which largely depends on the formation and further development of the energy market in Ukraine. Also, the redistribution of the volumes of traditional and non-traditional electricity in the common “pot” is of great importance while minimizing risks and budgetary constraints. Balancing the system for generating electricity from various sources will help not only optimize long-term electricity prices and minimize tariffs for the end user, but also allow planning profit in the form of long-term market return on investment.
The analysis of the results showed that the optimal distribution of energy production makes it possible to obtain energy resources in the required volume with lower purchase costs and with minimal risk.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yuliia Halynska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tetiana Bondar
2
ORCID: ORCID
Valerii Yatsenko
3
ORCID: ORCID
Viktor Oliinyk
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of International Economic Relations, Sumy State University, Ukraine
  2. Department of Management, Sumy State University, Ukraine
  3. Economic Cybernetics Department, Sumy State University, Ukraine

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