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Abstract

In 1939–1989 it was common for an aspiring writer to make an entry into the literary scene through a literary magazine. This article revisits the problem by distinguishing two categories of literary magazines, those produced for the young from those by the young. The latter were launched through the initiative of young writers seeking a platform of their own, i.e. the impulse for the creation of such periodicals came from the literary community itself. The article also draws on Professor Kazimierz Wyka’s periodization of literature on the basis of a pair of criteria, the historical and the generational (literary groups and generations). They are an important analytical tool in the mapping of generational change in the literary history of Poland in 1945–1989.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Buck
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Literary periodicals promoting young writers played a major role in the formation of a distinct generational consciousness during the occupation and in the post-war period. They included Sztuka i Naród [Art and the Nation] (1942–1944), Walka [Combat] and Inaczej [Contrarily] (1945), Pokolenie [ The Generation] (1946–1947), Nurt [The Current] (1947), Po prostu [ Plain and Simple] (1949–1955), Wyboje [ Bumps] (1956–1957), Zebra (1957–1958), Orientacja (1965–1971) and Nowy Wyraz [New Expression] (1972–1981). The young writers’ literary magazines were the product of the shifting political environment and generational change.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Buck
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Glass is a significant material in shaping contemporary architecture. Its main feature is transparency, which is related to the possibility of letting daylight into building interiors. Glass facades mark the almost invisible border between the interior and exterior space, which is a source of endless design inspiration. This situation is facilitated by the development of technology and knowledge on glass as a structural material.
The article aims to identify and analyse the possibility to apply structural glass in glazed facades. The paper analyses the technological and structural aspects of glass. The conducted analyses were based on the following methods: logical argumentation, comparative method, and case study. The analysis of selected architectural implementations provided a major contribution to the work results. Based on this, the typology and characteristics of design solutions were established for glass facades in which structural glass is used. The search for solutions aimed at shaping all-glass self-supporting structures was assumed as the main criterion of the indicated typology. It has been established that shaping all-glass self-supporting structures is achievable with the use of frameless systems, glass fins, folded plate glass systems, or facades with bent glass. By designing self-supporting systems, the elimination or reduction of support systems of other materials can be achieved. Thus, the use of structural glass in these structures allows for uniform material solutions. These solutions not only focus on technological and structural aspects but also have a significant impact on the architectural creation of the facade.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Jóźwik
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Architecture

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