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Abstract

Compared with traditional cellular networks, wireless ad hoc networks do not have trusted entities such as routers, since every node in the network is expected to participate in the routing function. Therefore, routing protocols need to be specifically designed for wireless ad hoc networks. In this work, we propose an authenticated routing protocol based on small world model (ARSW). With the idea originating from the small world theory, the operation of the protocol we proposed is simple and flexible. Our simulation results show the proposed ARSW not only increases packet delivery ratio, but also reduces packet delivery delay. In particularly, Using authentication theory, the proposed ARSW improves communication security.
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Bibliography

[1] Elizabeth M. Royer, Chai-Keong Toh. A review of current routing protocols for ad-hoc mobile wireless networks. IEEE Personal Communications, 6(2): 46-55, 1999.
[2] Jorge E. O. T., Molina J. L. B., Miguel A. S. L. Simulation and evaluation of ad hoc networks under different mobility models. Ingeniería E Investigación, 23(3): 44-50, 2003.
[3] Tianbo L., Hao C. Anonymous routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks. International Journal of Security and its Applications, 10(4): 229-240, 2016.
[4] Banala R., Sakthivel M. A review on delay-minimized routing protocol in mobile cognitive ad hoc networks. International Journal of Computer Sciences & Engineering, 6(7): 991-996, 2018.
[5] Prabhavat S. , Narongkhachavana W. , Thongthavorn T. , et al. Low Overhead Localized Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing, 2019, 6(4): 1-15.
[6] Shanmugasundaram D. , Shanavas A. R. M. Avoidance Cosmic Dust implementing in Ad Hoc on-demand Distance Vector (CDA AODV) Routing Protocol [J]. International Journal of Computer Sciences & Engineering, 2019, 7(4): 995-1005.
[7] Kothandaraman D., Chellappan C., . Energy Efficient Node Rank-Based Routing Algorithm in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks. International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications, 2019, 11(1):45-61.
[8] Shanmugasundaram D., Shanavas A. R. M. . Avoidance Cosmic Dust implementing in Ad Hoc on-demand Distance Vector (CDA AODV) Routing Protocol. International Journal of Computer Sciences & Engineering, 2019, 7(4):995-1005.
[9] Kim, C., Talipov, E., & Ahn, B. A reverse aodv routing protocol in ad hoc mobile networks. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 522-531. 2016.
[10] Navjot K., Ashok K., & Daviet J. (2011). Comparison and analysis of RREQ and RREP for dynamic wireless network. Indian Journal of Computer Science & Engineering, 2(3), 73-78, 2011.
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[12] Kumar S., Dhull K., Sharma D., et al. Evaluation of AODV and DYMO Routing Protocol using Generic, Micaz and Micamotes Energy Conservation Models in AWSN with Static and Mobile Scenario [J]. Scalable Computing, 2019, 20(4):653-661.
[13] Watts D.J. & Strogatz S.H. (1998), Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’ networks, Nature, 1998, 393(6684): 440–442.
[14] Qin Y , Guo D , Luo L , et al. Design and optimization of VLC based small-world data centers [J]. Frontiers of Computer Science in China, 2019, 13(5):1034-1047.
[15] Qiu T.p, Liu X., Li K., et al. Community-Aware Data Propagation with Small World Feature for Internet of Vehicles [J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2018, 56(1):86-91.
[16] Reka A., Hawoong J., & Albert-Laszlo B. Error and attack tolerance of complex networks. Nature. 406(6794):378-382, 2004.
[17] Guidoni, D. L. , Mini, R. A. F. , & Loureiro, A. A. F. On the design of resilient heterogeneous wireless sensor networks based on small world concepts. Computer Networks, 54(8):1266-1281, 2009.
[18] Zhang, J. & Elkashlan M., A small world network model for energy efficient wireless networks, IEEE Communication. Lett., 17(10): 1928–1931, 2013.
[19] Zarepour, M., Universal and non-universal neural dynamics on small world connectomes: A finite-size scaling analysis. Physical Review E. 100 (5): 52138, 2019.
[20] Tefan G. Small directed strongly regular graphs. Algebra Colloquium, 27(1), 11-30, 2020.
[21] Zhang L. & Tang Y. Research on the method of improving network security based on small world model. 40(13):136-139, 2005.
[22] Oscar P. Sarmiento, F. G. Guerrero, D. R.(2008) Basic security measures for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. Ingenieria E Investigación, 28(2):89-96. 2008.
[23] Wu J. &Yang S. Logarithmic Store-Carry-Forward Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. IEEE Trans. on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 18(6): 735-748, 2007.
[24] Anhong Zhong. Research on Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocol Based on Small World Theory [D]. Xidian University, 2011.
[25] Li Yong, Li Wei, Zhao Weiquan, Optimization for Dynamic Source Routing Based on the Small-world Theory [J], Computer Engineering, 2005 (9):102-104.
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Authors and Affiliations

Daxing Wang
1
Leying Xu
1

  1. College of Mathematics and Finance, Chuzhou University
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Abstract

This paper details a hardware implementation of a distributed Θ(1) time algorithm allows to select dynamically the master device in ad-hoc or cluster-based networks in a constant time regardless the number of devices in the same cluster. The algorithm allows each device to automatically detect its own status; master or slave; based on identifier without adding extra overheads or exchanging packets that slow down the network. We propose a baseband design that implements algorithm functions and we detail the hardware implementation using Matlab/Simulink and Ettus B210 USRP. Tests held in laboratory prove that algorithm works as expected.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mohammed El Khattabi
Jelloul Elmesbahi
Ahmed Errami and Omar Bouattane Mohammed Khaldoun
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Abstract

In a smart city environment, Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) enables the vehicle to generate and communicate messages for safety applications. There exists a challenge where the integrity of the message needs to be verified before passing it on to other vehicles. There should be a provision to motivate the honest vehicles who are reporting the true event messages. To achieve this, traffic regulations and event detections can be linked with blockchain technology. Any vehicle violating traffic rules will be issued with a penalty by executing the smart contract. In case any accident occurs, the vehicle nearby to the spot can immediately send the event message to Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). It will check for its credibility and proceed with rewards. The authenticity of the vehicle inside the smart city area is verified by registering itself with UAVs deployed near the city entrance. This is enabled to reduce the participation of unauthorized vehicles inside the city zone. The Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA256) and Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA-192) are used for communication. The result of computation time for certificate generation and vehicles involvement rate is presented.
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Authors and Affiliations

Suganthi Evangeline
1
Ashmiya Lenin
2
Vinoth Babu Kumaravelu
3

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
  2. PG Scholar in Communication Systems, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
  3. School of Electronics Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, India

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