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Effect of the ENEPIG Process on the Bonding Strength of BiTe-based Thermoelectric Elements

Subin Kim Sung Hwa Bae Injoon Son
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 4 | 967-970 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.136407
Keywords thermoelectric ENEPIG bonding strength BiTe plating
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Abstract

To improve the mechanical performance of BiTe-based thermoelectric modules, this study applies anti-diffusion layers that inhibit the generation of metal intercompounds and an electroless nickel/electrode palladium/mission gold (ENEPIG) plating layers to ensure a stable bonding interface. If a plated layer is formed only on BiTe-based thermoelectric, the diffusion of Cu in electrode substrates produces an intermetallic compound. Therefore, the ENEPIG process was applied on the Cu electrode substrate. The bonding strength highly increased from approximately 10.4 to 16.4 MPa when ENEPIG plating was conducted to the BiTe-based thermoelectric element. When ENEPIG plating was performed to both the BiTe-based thermoelectric element and the Cu electrode substrate, the bonding strength showed the highest value of approximately 17.6 MPa, suggesting that the ENEPIG process is effective in ensuring a highly reliable bonding interface of the BiTe-based thermoelectric module.
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Bibliography

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[10] I . Kato, T. Kato, H. Terashima, H. Watanabe, H. Honma, Influences of electroless nickel film conditions on electroless Au/ Pd/Ni wire bondability, Trans. JIEP. 3, 78-85 (2010).
[11] S.H. Bae, J.Y. Choi, I. Son, Effect of electroless Ni-P plating on the bonding strength of PbTe thermoelectric module using silver alloy-based brazing, Mater. Sci. Forum 985, 16-22 (2020).
[12] S. Bae, S. Kim, S. Yi, I. Son, K. Kim, H. Chung, Effect of surface roughness and electroless Ni-P plating on the bonding strength of Bi-Te-based thermoelectric modules, Coatings 9, 213-221 (2019).
[13] Y.T. Choi, S.H. Bae, I. Son, H.S. Sohn, K.T. Kim, Y.W. Ju, fabrication of aluminum-based thermal radiation plate for thermoelectric module using aluminum anodic oxidization and copper electroplating, J Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 18, 6404-6409 (2018).
[14] J . Yoon, S.H. Bae, H.S. Sohn, I. Son, K. Park, S. Cho, K.T. Kim, Fabrication of a Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric module using tin electroplating and thermocompression bonding, J Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 19, 1738-1742 (2019).
[15] K.H. Kim, I. Seo, S,H. W. Kwon, J. K. Kim, J.W. Yoon, S. Yoo, Effects of Ni-P bath on the brittle fracture of Sn-Ag-Cu solder/ ENEPIG solder joint, J. Welding and Joining. 35, 97-202 (2017).
[16] J .H. Back, S. Yoo, D.G. Han, S.B. Jung, J.W. Yoon, Effect of thin ENEPIG plating thickness on interfacial reaction and brittle fracture rate of Sn-0.3Ag-0.5Cu solder joints, Weld. Join. 36, 52-60 (2018).
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Authors and Affiliations

Subin Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sung Hwa Bae
2
ORCID: ORCID
Injoon Son
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Kyungpook National University, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Daegu, Republic of Korea
  2. Kyushu University Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Materials Process Engineering, Fukuoka, Japan

Effect of Pd-P Layer on the Bonding Strength of Bi-Te Thermoelectric Elements

Sung Hwa Bae Se Hun Han Injoon Son Kyung Tae Kim
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 3 | 963-968 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2019.129481
Keywords Bismuth-Telluride Thermoelectric module Electroless Pd-P plating Bonding strength
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Abstract

In this study, the effect of electroless Pd-P plating on the bonding strength of the Bi-Te thermoelectric elements was investigated. The bonding strength was approximately doubled by electroless Pd-P plating. Brittle Sn-Te intermetallic compounds were formed on the bonding interface of the thermoelectric elements without electroless Pd-P plating, and the fracture of the bond originated from these intermetallic compounds. A Pd-Sn solder reaction layer with a thickness of approximately 20 µm was formed under the Pd-P plating layer in the case of the electroless Pd-P plating, and prevented the diffusion of Bi and Te. In addition, the fracture did not occur on the bonding interface but in the thermoelectric elements for the electroless Pd-P plating because the bonding strength of the Pd-Sn reaction layer was higher than the shear strength of the thermoelectric elements.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sung Hwa Bae
Se Hun Han
Injoon Son
Kyung Tae Kim

Bonding Properties of TiAlCrSiN Coating / WC-8Co Cemented Carbide with Microtextured Surface

ManFeng Gong GuangFa Liu Meng Li XiaoQun Xia Lei Wang JianFeng Wu ShanHua Zhang Fang Mei
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 1563-1570 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146223
Keywords cemented carbide Coating Microtexture Mechanical properties Interface bonding strength
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Abstract

WC-8Co cemented carbide was prepared by a high-temperature liquid phase sintering in argon at 5-200 Pa. Three microtextured grooves with a spacing of 500, 750, and 1000 μm were prepared on the surface of WC-8Co cemented carbide. TiAlCrSiN multi-element hard coating was deposited on the WC-8Co cemented carbide microtextured surface with multi-arc ion plating technology. The Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of coated and uncoated WC-8Co cemented carbide with or without a microtextured surface were investigated. The effect of different microtextured spacing on the interface bonding strength of the TiAlCrSiN coating was analyzed. The results show that with the reduction of the microtextured spacing, the Vickers hardness of the cemented carbide slightly decreases, and the fracture toughness slightly increases. The microtextured surface can improve the interface bonding strength between the coating and the substrate. The smaller the microtextured spacing, the larger the specific surface area and the higher the surface energy, so the interface bonding strength between the coating and the substrate increases.
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Authors and Affiliations

ManFeng Gong
1 2
GuangFa Liu
1 2
Meng Li
1 3
XiaoQun Xia
1
Lei Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID
JianFeng Wu
1 2
ShanHua Zhang
1 2
Fang Mei
1
  1. Lingnan Normal University, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Zhanjiang 524048, China
  2. Guangdong Ocean University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhanjiang 524088, China
  3. Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xian 710072, China

EFFECT OF CONE SIZE ON THE BONDING STRENGTH OF BIMETALLIC COMPOSITE PIPES PRODUCED BY DRAWING APPROACH

M. Zheng H. Teng H. Gao T. Zhao J. Hu
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2018 | vol. 63 | No 1 | DOI: 10.24425/118960
Keywords bi-metallic composite pipe drawing approach cone size interfacial bonding strength ideal elastoplastic
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Zheng
H. Teng
H. Gao
T. Zhao
J. Hu

The Influence of Copper Powder Morphology on Mechanical Properties of Low-Pressure Cold Sprayed Coatings

D. Grygier M. Rutkowska-Gorczyca M.G. Winnicki T. Wojdat
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 2 | 573-580 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.135894
Keywords cold spraying copper coatings coating bond strength nanoindentation AA 1350 aluminium alloy
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Abstract

Thermal spraying methods are commonly used to regenerate damaged surface or change materials surface properties. One of the newest methods is cold spraying, where coating is deposited of material in the solid state. Therefore shape and size of the powder particles are very important parameters. The article presents the influence of copper powder morphology on mechanical properties of the coatings (adhesion, hardness, Young’s modulus) deposited with the Low Pressure Cold Spraying method on the AA1350 aluminium alloy substrate. The coatings were deposited using two commercially available copper powders with spherical and dendritic morphology and granulation of –40+10 µm. The bond strength of coatings was determined with the pull off method, the hardness with the Vickers method at load of 2.94 N, while the Young’s modulus through measurement of nanoindentation. Microstructure of the coatings was analysed using the light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Shape of the powder influences mechanical properties of the coating significantly. The coatings deposited with dendritic powder had low mechanical properties, hardness of the 81 HV0.3 order and adhesion of about 4 MPa. However changing powder morphology to spherical increased hardness of the coating to 180 HV0.3 and adhesion to 38.5 MPa.
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Authors and Affiliations

D. Grygier
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Rutkowska-Gorczyca
1
ORCID: ORCID
M.G. Winnicki
2
ORCID: ORCID
T. Wojdat
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Vehicle Engineering, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
  2. Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Metal Forming, Welding and Metrology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland

Bond Strength of Concrete-Filled Hollow Section with Modified Fibrous Foamed Concrete

S.A.A. Khairuddin N.A. Rahman N. Jamaluddin Z.M. Jaini A. Elamin R.H.M. Rum
Archives of Civil Engineering | Vol. 66 | No 3 | 97-108 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2020.134386
Keywords bond strength concrete filled hollow section (CFHS) modified fibrous foamed concrete rice husk ash (RHA) strength push-out method
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Abstract

The concrete-filled section of columns has been widely in construction used due to its structural elements. As a result, the usage of composite columns has recently increased all over the world. However, using foamed concrete alone does not result in much improvements in strength. Therefore, this paper examines the use of foamed concrete containing fibre to improve the strength of composite columns. Specifically, this study aims to determine the bond strength of concrete-filled hollow section (CFHS) with modified fibrous foamed concrete. Two types of fibre are used in this work, namely, steel fibre and polypropylene fibre, with rice husk ash (RHA) as a sand replacement to improve the compressive strength of foamed concrete. The CFHS with modified fibrous foamed concrete is tested by using the push-out method, and the results show that CFHS with steel fibre has a highest bond strength.

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Authors and Affiliations

S.A.A. Khairuddin
N.A. Rahman
N. Jamaluddin
Z.M. Jaini
A. Elamin
R.H.M. Rum

The Effect of Addition Amount of Chromium Iron on the Bonding Strength between Alloy Steel Surfacing Layer and Steel Base Metal

Fei Huang
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2024 | vol. 69 | No 1 | 217-221 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2024.147811
Keywords Fe-C Cr Nb Alloy Steel bonding strength arc surfacing pulling test method high carbon chromium iron
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Abstract

Fe-C-Cr-Nb alloy steel surfacing layers with different contents of C and Cr were prepared on 45 steel base metal by selfshielded flux-cored wires with distinct amounts of high carbon chromium iron addition and melt arc surfacing. The composition and microstructure changes of the surfacing layer were tested and analyzed. The surfacing test plate was processed into a pulling specimen, and the bonding strength between the surfacing layer and the 45 steel base metal was tested with a self-designed pulling test method. The fracture location of the pulling specimen and fracture characteristics were observed by a metallurgical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The result shows that with the increase of the amount of high carbon chromium iron added to flux-cored welding wire, the content of C and Cr in the surfacing layer increases, and the NbC hard phase disperses. The microstructure of the steel matrix changes from mixed martensite + residual austenite to high carbon martensite + residual austenite, and then independent austenite appears. The hardness of the surfacing layer first increases and then decreases. The bonding strength between the surfacing alloy and the 45 steel base metal first decreases and then increases, and the fracture location is at the bottom of the surfacing layer or the fusion zone with mostly quasi-cleavage characteristics. When the additional amount of high carbon chromium iron reaches 13%, thee pulling specimen exhibits significant deformation with the highest bonding strength, and the fracture is close to the fusion line, where there are numerous tearing edges and shallow dimples.
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Authors and Affiliations

Fei Huang
1
  1. High Speed Railway Comprehensive Technical College, Jilin Railway Technology College, Jilin, 132299, China

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