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Abstract

A new ichnogenus and ichnospecies (Solealites ovalis) of etching trace is preserved on the surfaces of clasts from the Savignone Conglomerate (Oligocene) in the Palaeogene Piemonte Basin in NW Italy. It is a shallow, oval depression with a central elevation, which was produced probably by limpet gastropods and served as their home scar, but other gastropods or even sea anemones are not excluded as the trace makers. The conglomerate is interpreted as a deposit of a fan delta, whose clasts have been bioeroded in an intertidal and shallow subtidal shore zone and redeposited to the deeper sea.

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Authors and Affiliations

Alfred Uchman
Bruno Rattazzi
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Abstract

The technology of single bore multiple anchor is well known and mainly used as a method of providing support for retaining walls of deep excavations in weak soils. Multiple fixed lengths in a single borehole is a major difference to conventional anchors. The purpose of it and the most important facts affecting bearing capacity are presented. Due to the reduction of progressive debonding higher bearing capacities can be achieved and the impact of soil consolidation is decreased. Unique properties of this technology potentially reduce construction costs and increase the reliability and safety of the structure. Single Bore Multiple Anchors in most cases are prestressed by synchronised hydraulic jacks to provide that every anchor unit transfers the same load. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of investigation and suitability tests, which took place at the site of Zlote Tarasy Shopping Centre in Warsaw. The carried out research reveals that prestressing of one fixed anchor causes a decrease in lock-off load of the second fixed anchor, regardless of the order of prestressing. Measured values presents range from 6% to 14%. Results indicate mutual influence between loads of fixed anchors from the separate prestressing.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Kalicki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Monika Mitew-Czajewska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 0-637 Warsaw, Poland

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