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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Kasia
1

  1. Katedra Teorii Kultury, Wydział Zarządzania Kulturą Wizualną, Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Warszawie
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Abstract

The aim of the paper is to highlight St. Anselm’s way of thinking about nature and order in the world created by God. God for Anselm is the highest nature, one which exists most fully; He possesses the fullness of being, because His essence is identical to His existence. He is the cause of all existing things and does not have a cause Himself, for He exists per se. The order of nature may be observed in two ways: when departing from the diversity of existing beings and when considering these beings before their creation, existing in the divine intellect as ideas and models, after which God called into existence particular objects.

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Authors and Affiliations

Monika Malmon
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Abstract

Autor podjął próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy i jak możliwa jest refleksja nad istnieniem? Wbrew ugruntowanej tradycją tezie, odrzuca on pogląd, zgodnie z którym Parmenidejskie pojęcie bytu ma charakter egzystencjalny. Twierdzi, że Parmenides, a za nim myśl starożytna, byt pojmuje poprzez określoność, a więc jako „coś”. Utrzymuje przy tym, że pojęcie „istnienia” na trwałe pojawiło się w myśli europejskiej dopiero w filozofii św. Tomasza z Akwinu. W proponowanym przez siebie rozumieniu autor utożsamia istnienie z mnogościąi różnorodnością prezentujących się momentów, które w porządku myślenia wyraża słówko „coś” (το ον), czyli pojęcie bytu. W przedstawionym ujęciu autor nie oddziela bytu od jego bycia. Tym samym refleksja nad bytem jest zarazem refleksją nad istnieniem.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej L. Zachariasz
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Abstract

The main aim of this article is to present the results of research on energy poverty conducted in Katowice and Bytom, two cities situated in the Silesian voivodeship [region] in Poland. The study attempted to verify whether the energy divide concept elaborated by Bouzarovski and Tirado Herrero (2015) has different undiscovered dimensions which result not only from the differences in energy prices and incomes between various regions, but also from other factors such as consumer behaviours. In discussions about the energy divide, this aspect of energy poverty has so far been rather neglected. The question remains whether the distinction between energy poverty levels of countries, regions, and other territories like cities is determined by consumer behaviours or only by income and energy prices. Katowice and Bytom seem to be perfect places to conduct such. The most important conclusions emerging from the presented research are: (a) low income does not affect the behaviour of people suffering from energy poverty, even though it theoretically should; (b) despite their difficult financial situation, low-income households do little to improve their situation; and (c) public policy should take into account in the spatial distribution of households affected by energy poverty other aspects, including non-income and behavioural factors and patterns of persons affected by energy poverty, which only deepen existing social inequalities rather than reduce them.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Libor
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Abstract

The phenomenon of publication, in the same year, of two books having identical titles, is enough to study the theory presented therein. Both books feature the notion of culture, which was broadly elaborated by both authors: Antonina Kłoskowska and Raymond Williams already in their earlier analyses. It turns out, however, that no matter the title of a book interesting to us, culture is tackled differently in both of them. Williams seems to keep using anthropological definition of culture, while Kłoskowska suggests sociological approach. A reflection on culture by the English academic has shaped the character of British cultural studies and their subsequent follow-ups around the world. A question arises, to what extent the sociological approach by Kłoskowska may give impetus to cultural research in Poland, especially when symbolic culture appears beyond the principle of autotelism.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kazimierz Kowalewicz
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Abstract

The article focuses on the problem of possible relations of a work of art to the Absolute Being. The essence of the discussed issue can be put as a question: Is it possible, without mentioning God explicitly, to declare that a piece of art, as a carrier of beauty, indicates His presence? Relating to a number of Roman Ingarden’s significant statements that refer to metaphysical experience and the status of metaphysical qualities, and drawing upon Ingarden’s existential and ontological claims, the article presents metaphysical quality as a manifestation of existential dependence. This interpretation invokes the context of the primary being, and by extension, of the Absolute Being. If a work of art (or to be more precise, its concretization) is a carrier of aesthetic beauty through which a qualitative and metaphysical atmosphere emerges (and discloses its metaphysical quality) and if (as it is postulated in the interpretation suggested) it refers to the Absolute, then the thesis that beauty leads to God has been vindicated.
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Authors and Affiliations

Waldemar Kmiecikowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Wydział Teologiczny, ul. Wieżowa 2/4, 61-111 Poznań
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Abstract

This article presents the problem of understanding Heideggerian ‘turn’ (Kehre) in the context of the most important aspects of his later philosophy. Since Heidegger had written (secretly) Contributions to Philosophy, he departed from his original philosophical assumptions, which had been presented in Being and Time. Heidegger’s turn was conceived as a discovery of truth of Being, as a project of another beginning, as proper asking about Being as such, as well as a discovery of a hidden aspect of being that is revealed in an event (‘enowning’).

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Jacek Surzyn
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Abstract

The paper attempts to place John Rawls’s social theory in an ontological frame of ideas. Józef M. Bocheński’s theory of systems was chosen to describe social reality without prejudging its role in the adequate theory. By adopting this approach the author presents several issues one by one: the characteristics of political philosophy and its relation to the ontology of social reality, Bocheński’s systems theory, the analysis of the industrial enterprise as a model example of a heterogeneous, dynamic and organic system, and Rawls’s structure of society. All this is done in terms of systems theory. The resulting outcome provides, among other things, a formal definition of Rawls’s basic social structure expressed in the language of systems theory, and it supports the thesis that the synthetic entity responsible for social functioning, such as the state, is correlated with the principles of justice as proposed by Rawls.
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Bibliography

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Bocheński J.M. (1986), The Concept of the Free Society, „The Monist” 69 (2), s. 207– 215.
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Wenar L. (2021), John Rawls, w: E.N. Zalta (red.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Summer 2021 Edition, https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2021/entries/rawls/.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Kaczmarek
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Łódzki, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Lindleya 3/5, 90-131 Łódź

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