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Olfactory responses of the parasitoid wasp, Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to odors from hosts and stored grain

Masoomeh Moosavi Nooshin Zandi-Sohani Ali Rajabpour

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2021 | vol. 61 | No 2 | 189-194 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2021.137024

Keywords attraction Callosobruchus maculatus parasitoid volatiles

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Abstract

The ability of parasitoids in locating hosts determines their success in suppressing the pest population. Chemical stimuli emitted from food products and hosts provoke the searching behavior of parasitoids. Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is a generalist idiobiont ectoparasitoid of coleopteran pests in stored products. In the current study, the behavioral responses of A. calandrae females were evaluated regarding host food and different life stages of the host, Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), using a Y-tube olfactometer. The parasitoid was offered uninfested chickpea kernels, damaged chickpea without larvae of C. maculatus, damaged chickpea with preferred stage (4th instar) larvae of C. maculatus, uninfested chickpea + C. maculatus adults, and eggs of C. maculatus on chickpea. In another test, the preference of A. calandrae for either damaged chickpea without larva of C. maculatus or damaged chickpea with nonpreferred stage (1st instar) larvae of C. maculatus was studied. The results showed that the females did not prefer uninfested chickpea kernels and adults of C. maculatus. However, they were attracted to damaged kernels with or without larvae, and the kernels containing eggs of C. maculatus. When the female parasitoids had a choice between damaged chickpea without larva of C. maculatus and damaged chickpea with 1st instar larva, they did not prefer one over the other. The results of this investigation can be helpful for using A. calandrae as a biological control agent in stored products.

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Authors and Affiliations

Masoomeh Moosavi

Nooshin Zandi-Sohani

Ali Rajabpour

Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran

Characterization by GC/MS-FID and GC/MS-HS-SPME and insecticidal activity against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) of essential oils and powder of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich from Senegal

Abdoulaye Thiam Momar Talla Guèye Cheikhna Hamala Sangharé Papa Seyni Cissokho Elhadji Barka Ndiaye Serigne Mbacké Diop Michel Barka Diop Ibrahima Ndiaye Marie Laure Fauconnier

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2021 | vol. 61 | No 3 | 203-212 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2021.137955

Keywords Callosobruchus maculatus essential oils GC/MS/HS-SPME powder Xylopiaaethiopica

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Abstract

Today the use of plant extracts, in particular essential oils, is a natural alternative to synthetic insecticides in the fight against crop pests. In this study, the insecticidal activity of essential oils and powder of Xylopia aethiopica (Annonaceae) were tested by both fumigation and contact against Callosobruchus maculatus. The essential oil of X. aethiopica, obtained by steam distillation and the powder, with a particle size of 1 mm, were used for the tests. The analysis of essential oils and powder of X. aethiopica by GC-MS/FID and GC/MS-HS-SPME, showed that the main compounds were β-pinene (28.9–19.0%), 1,8-cineole (14.9–7.6%) and α-pinene (9.8–19.4%). Insecticidal activity of essential oils and powder of X. aethiopica, respectively, by fumigation (F) and contact (C) against C. maculatus showed toxicity LD50 = 0.2 ± 0.0 μl.cm–3, LT50 = 16.4 ± 1.2 hours (F) and LD50 = 9.2 ± 0.7 g.kg–1, LT50 = 69.6 ± 0.4 hours (C). The essential oil and powder of X. aethiopica can be considered as bio-insecticides against C. maculatus for the protection of cowpeas in Senegal.

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Authors and Affiliations

Abdoulaye Thiam

1 2

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ORCID:

Momar Talla Guèye

Cheikhna Hamala Sangharé

1 2

Papa Seyni Cissokho

Elhadji Barka Ndiaye

Serigne Mbacké Diop

Michel Barka Diop

Ibrahima Ndiaye

Marie Laure Fauconnier

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
Laboratory of Phytosanitary Analyses, Institute of Food Technology, Dakar, Senegal
Unit of Training and Research of Agronomic Sciences, Aquaculture and Food Technology (S2ATA), Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal
General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio-Tech University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium

Insecticidal efficiency and safety of zinc oxide and hydrophilic silica nanoparticles against some stored seed insects

Samia Ali Haroun Mahmoud Elsaid Elnaggar Doaa Mohamed Zein Rehab Ibrahim Gad

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2020 | vol. 60 | No 1 | 77–85 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2020.132211

Keywords Callosobruchus maculatus hydrophilic silica nanoparticles Sitophilus oryzae Tribolium castaneum wheat zinc oxide nanoparticles

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Abstract

The present study was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal efficiency and safety of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and hydrophilic silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) against: adults of rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.); red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst.) and cowpea beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) results showed that, both ZnO NPs and hydrophilic SiO2 NPs exhibited a significant toxic effect (df, F and p < 0.5) against S. oryzae and C. maculatus at the highest concentration while T. castaneum showed high resistance against the two tested materials. At the end of the experiment, recorded mortality was: 81.6, 98.3 and 58.3% at the highest concentration used for each insect (0.3, 2 and 8 gm ⋅ kg–1 of SNPs with C. maculatus, S. oryzae and T. castaneum, respectively), while mortality was 88.3, 100 and 38.3% at the highest concentration used for each insect (0.6, 2.5 and 8 gm ⋅ kg–1 of ZnO NPs with C. maculatus, S. oryzae and T. castaneum, respectively). Both tested materials caused high reductions in F1-progeny (%) with C. maculatus and S. oryzae. Histopathological examination of male mice livers showed hepatic architecture with congested blood sinusoids, binucleated hepatocytes nuclei, dilated central vein and margainated chromatin in some nuclei. Histopathological assessment of the lungs showed normal histoarchitecture. There were no differences in alveolar septa, bronchiolar and epithelium of the treated and untreated animals. Silica and zinc oxide nanoparticles have a good potential to be used as stored seed protectant alternatives if applied with proper safety precautions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Samia Ali Haroun

Mahmoud Elsaid Elnaggar

Doaa Mohamed Zein

Rehab Ibrahim Gad

Isolation and purification of α-amylase inhibitors and their in vitro and in vivo effects on Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)

Ashraf Oukasha Abd El-latif Nesma Mohieldeen Ahmed Mahmoud Ali Salman Elena N. Elpidina

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2020 | vol. 60 | No 4 | 377-387 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2020.134911

Keywords α-amylase α-amylase inhibitors durum wheat Callosobruchus maculatus Tribolium castaneum

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Abstract

Plant derived α-amylase inhibitors are proteinaceous molecules that regulate the enzyme activity in plants and also protect plants from insect attack. In the current study, 28 accessions of 19 plant species were screened for their α-amylase inhibitory activity. The durum wheat varieties, Beni Suef-1 and Beni Suef-5, showed strong α-amylase inhibitory activity and were subjected to further purification studies using ammonium sulfate fractionation and DEAE-Sephadex G-25 column. The isolated inhibitors were found to be stable at temperatures below 80°C with maximum activity obtained at 40−50°C. Also, they were stable in a wide pH range (2−12). The ion exchange products of purified α-amylase inhibitors from Beni Suef-1 and Beni Suef-5 varieties showed a molecular weight of 16 and 24 kDa, respectively. The purified α-amylase inhibitors were tested against Tribolium castaneum and Callosobruchus maculatus both in vitro and in vivo. There was linear inhibition of α-amylase activity with increasing inhibitor concentration until saturation was reached. Beni Suef-5 α-amylase inhibitor was more potent against α-amylase with lower IC50 values than Beni Suef-1 α-amylase inhibitor except in the case of T. castaneum larva. Kinetics analysis revealed that Beni Suef-1 and Beni Suef-5 α-amylase inhibitors are non-competitive types of inhibitors with high affinity toward α-amylase of T. castaneum and C. maculatus. Results of the in vivo studies demonstrated that α-amylase inhibitors isolated from durum wheat, Beni Suef-1 and Beni Suef-5 varieties, were very effective in inhibiting the development of T. castaneum and C. maculatus and could be used for future studies in developing insect resistant transgenic plants approaching α-amylase inhibitor genes.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ashraf Oukasha Abd El-latif

Nesma Mohieldeen

Ahmed Mahmoud Ali Salman

Elena N. Elpidina

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Olfactory responses of the parasitoid wasp, Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to odors from hosts and stored grain

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Characterization by GC/MS-FID and GC/MS-HS-SPME and insecticidal activity against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) of essential oils and powder of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich from Senegal

Abstract

Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations

Insecticidal efficiency and safety of zinc oxide and hydrophilic silica nanoparticles against some stored seed insects

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Isolation and purification of α-amylase inhibitors and their in vitro and in vivo effects on Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations