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Abstract

This study follows a postcolonial approach towards Polish and Ruthenian national master narratives in Habsburg Galicia by assuming that Galician historians placed past Polish-Ruthenian relations in a colonial setting and emphasized Ruthenian subalternity. The investigation focuses on one of the most controversial issues in Polish-Ruthenian historiography: the era of Casimir the Great and the incorporation of Red Ruthenia into the Polish Kingdom in the 14th century. The central question is how Galician historians depicted this period in their works and to what extent they interpreted it as the beginning of a hegemonic relationship between Poles and Ruthenians. Which discursive strategies were utilized either to justify a Polish civilizing mission in Red Ruthenia or to refute the necessity of Polish colonial rule in this region?

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Authors and Affiliations

Burkhard Wöller
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Abstract

This article deals with the issue of King John Casimir’s copper shillings struck in 1659–1666, emerging from the analysis of the structure of large shilling hoards in relation to the contents of mint reports. It was conducted on the basis of representative, newly-described finds from Idźki-Wykno and Rokitno, as well as previously published deposits, encompassing more than 59,000 coins. On this basis, the global production volume of shillings was estimated along with the share of individual mints. These values prompt a response to the accusations of mintage abuse levelled against Tytus Livius Boratini. However, another premise emerged from the initial analysis of false shillings that helps to date hoards of copper shillings.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Markiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. National Museum in Lublin, Zamkowa 9, PL 20–117 Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

The text is an analysis of two hoards of copper shillings (szeląg) of John Casimir Vasa (1648–1668) dating from the years 1659–1666, found in one of the arable fields at Rokitno (Lubartów County) in 1981 and 2011. The first one is made up entirely of 3,530 copper shillings (so called boratynka in singular), while in the other one, with 10,218 pieces, the same coin type accounts for 99.9%. The structures of these two hoards from Rokitno correspond with some other representative deposits of the same coin type from the localities such as Idźki-Wykno, Przasnysz, Terespol. This particular structure refers, among other things, to percentage shares of the Polish Crown and Lithuanian shillings as well as to how the individual mints and years of issue are represented in these types. The hoard unearthed in 1981 was deposited most probably in the early fourth quarter of the 17th century, whereas the one found in 2011 – shortly after 1695.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Markiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Muzeum Narodowe w Lublinie, ul. Zamkowa 9, 20–117 Lublin
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Abstract

Size-dependent dynamic instability of cylindrical nanowires incorporating the effects of Casimir attraction and surface energy is presented in this research work. To develop the attractive intermolecular force between the nanowire and its substrate, the proximity force approximation (PFA) for small separations, and the Dirichlet asymptotic approximation for large separations with a cylinder-plate geometry are employed. A nonlinear governing equation of motion for free-standing nanowires – based on the Gurtin-Murdoch model – and a strain gradient elasticity theory are derived. To overcome the complexity of the nonlinear problem in hand, a Garlerkin-based projection procedure for construction of a reduced-order model is implemented as a way of discretization of the governing differential equation. The effects of length-scale parameter, surface energy and vacuum fluctuations on the dynamic instability threshold and adhesion of nanowires are examined. It is demonstrated that in the absence of any actuation, a nanowire might behave unstably, due to the Casimir induction force.

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Authors and Affiliations

Hamid M. Sedighi
Hassen M. Ouakad
Moosa Khooran

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