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Number of results: 13
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of investigation into the technological possibility of making light-section castings of GX2CrNiMoN25-6-3

cast steel. For making castings with a wall thickness in the thinnest place as small as below 1 mm, the centrifugal casting technology was

employed. The technology under consideration enables items with high surface quality to be obtained, while providing a reduced

consumption of the charge materials and, as a result, a reduction in the costs of unit casting production.

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Authors and Affiliations

G. Stradomski
M. Nadolski
Z. Stradomski
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Abstract

The results of testing of the selected group of wax mixtures used in the investment casting technology, are presented in the paper. The measurements of the kinetics of the mixtures shrinkage and changes of viscous-plastic properties as a temperature function were performed. The temperature influence on bending strength of wax mixtures was determined.
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Authors and Affiliations

J. Zych
J. Kolczyk
T. Snopkiewicz
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Abstract

In contemporary high-pressure die casting foundries, the mastery of each sequence in the production cycle is more and more important. In the paper, an example of virtual analysis of gearbox casting from Al alloy will be presented. It includes a large variety of parameters, as follows: choosing of appropriate foundry technology, calculation of computer simulation of casting process which takes into account the filling process of cold chamber and filling of cavity, model description of three phases in high-pressure die casting, flow of molten metal, solidification, formation of stress and deformations. Additionally, the optimization of cooling and heating systems will be compared with calculated volume defects, dimensions of castings and their deformations with experimentally obtained values.

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Authors and Affiliations

I. Peter
M. Rosso
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Abstract

The work presents the results of the studies of Co-Cr-Mo casting alloys used in the production of frame casts of removable dentures,

crowns and bridges in dental prosthetics. The studies were performed on four Co-Cr-Mo alloys of different contents of Mo, W and other

additives. Electrochemical tests were performed, which aimed at examining the corrosion resistance of the alloys and observing the alloy

structure after chronoamperometric tests with the potential in the area of the occurrence of the passive layer breakpoint. The alloy

microstructure images after chronoamperometric tests show the presence of non-uniformly distributed general corrosion. Moreover, a

project of cobalt alloy casting was elaborated using a ceramic mold casting. Additionally, analysis of the obtained microstructure was

performed. The microstructure of the examined alloys was of the dendrite type. This microstructure was chemically inhomogeneous and

consisted of an austenitic matrix formed by a solid cobalt solution and chromium in the core dendritic structure.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Loch
A. Krzykała
A. Łukaszczyk
J. Augustyn-Pieniążek
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Abstract

The work presents experiment results from the area of copper casting technology and chosen examples of alloyed copper. At present,

copper casting technology is applied in many branches of industrial manufacturing, especially in the sector of construction,

communications, arms and power engineering. Alloyed copper, containing slight additions of different elements and having special

physio-chemical properties, is used in a special range of applications. Copper technology and alloyed copper analyses have been presented,

these materials being used for cast manufacturing for power engineering. The quality of casts has been assessed, based on their

microstructure analysis, chemical content and the cast properties. During the research, special deoxidizing and modifying agents were

applied for copper and chosen examples of alloyed copper; also exemplary samples were tested with the help of metallographic analysis,

electrical conductivity and gaseous impurities research.

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Authors and Affiliations

S. Rzadkosz
J. Kozana
M. Piękoś
A. Garbacz-Klempka
M. Kranc
W. Cieślak
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Abstract

The paper present the examination results concerning mechanical properties of castings made of AlSi7MG alloy in correlation both with the most significant squeeze casting parameters and with the modification treatment. Experiments were planned and held according to the 2 3 factorial design. The regression equations describing the influence of the squeeze pressure, the mould temperature, and the quantity of strontium modifier on the strength and elongation of the examined alloy were obtained. It was found that the main factor controlling the strength increase is the squeeze pressure, while the plasticity (A5 ) of the alloy is affected most advantageously by modification. The application of modification treatment in squeeze casting technology enables for production of the slab-type castings made of AlSi7Mg alloy exhibiting strength at the level of 230 MPa and elongation exceeding 14%.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Zyska
Z. Konopka
M. Łągiewka
M. Nadolski
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Abstract

The casting workshop was discovered with numerous artifacts, confirming the existence of the manufacturing process of metal ornaments using ceramic molds and investment casting technology in Lower Silesia (Poland) in 7-6 BC. The research has yielded significant technological information about the bronze casting field, especially the alloys that were used and the artifacts that were made from them. Based on the analyses, the model alloys were experimentally reconstructed. Taking advantage of the computer-modeling method, a geometric visualization of the bronze bracelets was performed; subsequently, we simulated pouring liquid metal in the ceramic molds and observed the alloy solidification. These steps made it possible to better understand the casting processes from the perspective of the mold technology as well as the melting and casting of alloys.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Garbacz-Klempka
J.S. Suchy
Z. Kwak
P. Długosz
T. Stolarczyk
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Abstract

For the manufacture of near net shape complex titanium products, it is necessary to use investment casting process. Melting of titanium is promising to carry out by electron beam casting technology, which allows for specific processing of the melt, and accordingly control the structure and properties of castings of titanium alloys. However, the casting of titanium in ceramic molds is usually accompanied by a reaction of the melt with the mold. In this regard, the aim of the work was to study the interaction of titanium melt with ceramics of shell molds in the conditions of electron beam casting technology. Ceramic molds were made by using the following refractory materials – fused corundum Al2O3, zircon ZrSiO4 and yttria-stabilized zirconium oxide ZrO2, and ethyl silicate as a binder. Melting and casting of CP titanium was performed in an electron beam foundry. Samples were made from the obtained castings and electron microscopic metallography was performed. The presence and morphology of the altered structure, on the sample surface, were evaluated and the degree and nature of their interaction were determined. It was found that the molds with face layers of zirconium oxide (Z1) and zircon (ZS1) and backup layers of corundum showed the smallest interaction with the titanium melt. Corundum interacts with titanium to form a non-continuous reaction layer with thickness of 400-500 μm. For shell molds with face and backup layers of zircon on the surface of the castings, a reaction layer with thickness of 500-600 μm is formed. In addition, zirconium-silicon eutectic was detected in these layers.
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Bibliography

[1] Agripa, H. & Botef, I. (2019). Modern Production Methods for Titanium Alloys: A Review. In Maciej Motyka (Eds.) Titanium Alloys – Novel Aspects of Their Manufacturing and Processing (pp. 1-14). UK: IntechOpen. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.81712.
[2] Cviker, U. (1979). Titan i ego splavy. Moskow: Metallurgija, 512. (in Russian).
[3] Il'in, A.A., Kolachev, B.A., Pol'kin, I.S. (2009). Titanovye splavy: Sostav, struktura, svojstva. Spravochnik. Moskva: VILS-MATI, 520. (in Russian).
[4] Banerjee, D. & Williams, J.C. (2013). Perspectives on titanium science and technology. Acta Materialia. 6(3), 844- 879. DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.043.
[5] Saha, R. L., Jacob, K.T. (1986). Casting of titanium and its alloys. Defense science journal. 36(2), 121-141.
[6] Suzuki, K. (2001). An Introduction to the extraction, melting and casting technologies of titanium alloys. Metals and Materials International. 7(6), 587-604. DOI: 10.1007/BF03179258.
[7] Cen, M. J., Liu, Y., Chen, X., Zhang, H.W. & Li, Y.X. (2019). Inclusions in melting process of titanium and titanium alloys. China Foundry. 16(4), 223-231. DOI: 10.1007/s41230-019- 9046-1.
[8] Smalcerz, A., Blacha, L. & Łabaj, J. (2021). Aluminium loss during Ti-Al-X alloy smelting using the VIM technology. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 21(1), 11-17. DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.136072.
[9] Paton, B.E., Trigub, N.P., Ahonin, S.V., Zhuk, G.V. (2006). Jelektronno-luchevaja plavka titana. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 248. (in Russian).
[10] Ladohin, S.V. (Ed.). (2007). Jelektronno-luchevaja plavka v litejnom proizvodstve. Kyiv: Stal', 626. (in Russian).
[11] Ladohin, S.V., Levickij, N.I., Lapshuk, T.V., Drozd, E.A., Matviec, E.A. & Voron, M.M. (2015). Primenenie jelektronno-luchevoj plavki dlja poluchenija izdelij medicinskogo naznachenija. Metal and Casting of Ukraine. 4, 7-11. (in Russian).
[12] Voron, M.M., Drozd, E.A., Matviec, E.A. & Suhenko, V.Ju. (2018). Vlijanie temperatury litejnoj formy na strukturu i svojstva otlivok titanovogo splava VT6 jelektronno-luchevoj viplavki. Metal and Casting of Ukraine. 1-2, 40-44. (in Russian).
[13] Voron, M.M., Levytskyi, M.I. & Lapshuk, T.V. (2015). Structure and properties of lytic alloys of Ti-Al-V electronvariable smelting system. Metaloznavstvo ta obrobka metaliv. 2, 29-37. (in Ukrainian).
[14] Levickij, N.I., Ladohin, S.V., Miroshnichenko, V.I., Matviec, E.A. & Lapshuk T.V. (2008). Ispol'zovanie metallicheskih form dlja poluchenija slitkov i otlivok iz titanovyh splavov pri jelektronno-luchevoj garnisazhnoj plavke. Metal and Casting of Ukraine. 7-8, 50-52. (in Russian).
[15] Nikitchenko, M.N., Semukov, A.S., Saulin, D.V. & Jaburov, A.Ju. (2017). Izuchenie termodinamicheskoj vozmozhnosti vzaimodejstvija materialov lit'evoj formy s metallom pri lit'e titanovyh splavov. Vestnik Permskogo nacional'nogo issledovatel'skogo politehnicheskogo universiteta. Himicheskaja tehnologija i biotehnologija. 4, 249-263. (in Russian).
[16] Altindis, M., Hagemann, K., Polaczek, A.B. & Krupp, U. (2011). Investigation of the Effects of Different Types of Investments on the Alpha‐Case Layer of Ti6Al7Nb Castings. Advanced Engineering Materials. 13(4), 319-324. DOI: 10.1002/adem.201000264.
[17] Chamorro, X., Herrero-Dorca, N., Rodríguez, P. P., Andrés, U. & Azpilgain, Z. (2017). α-Case formation in Ti-6Al-4V investment casting using ZrSiO4 and Al2O3 moulds. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 243, 75-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.12.007.
[18] Neto, R.L., Duarte, T.P., Alves, J.L. & Barrigana, T.G. (2017). The influence of face coat material on reactivity and fluidity of the Ti6Al4V and TiAl alloys during investment casting. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications. 231(1-2), 38-48. DOI: 10.1177/1464420716681824.
[19] Saulin, D., Poylov, V., Uglev, N. (2020). Effusion Mechanism of α-Layer Formation in Vacuum Casting of Titanium Alloys. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 969, 012060, 1-12. DOI: 10.1088/1757- 899X/969/1/012060.
[20] Uwanyuze, S., Kanyo, J., Myrick, S. & Schafföner, S. (2021). A review on alpha case formation and modeling of mass transfer during investment casting of titanium alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 865, June 2021, 158558, 1-19. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158558
[21] Guilin, Y., Nan, L., Yousheng, L., Yining, W. (2007). The effects of different types of investments on the alpha-case layer of titanium castings. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 97(3), 157-164. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2007.01.005
[22] Kim, M.G., Kim, S.K. & Kim, Y.J. (2002). Effect of mold material and binder on metal-mold interfacial reaction for investment castings of titanium alloys. Materials Transactions. 43(4), 745-750. DOI: 10.2320/ matertrans.43.745.
[23] Sun, S.C., Zhao, E.T., Hu, C., Yu, J.R., An, Y.K. & Guan, R.G. (2020). Characteristics of interfacial reactions between Ti-6Al-4V alloy and ZrO2 ceramic mold. China Foundry. 17(6), 409-415. DOI: 10.1007/s41230-020-0106-3.
[24] Farsani, M.A. & Gholamipour, R. (2020). Silica-Free Zirconia-Based Primary Slurry for Titanium Investment Casting. International Journal of Metalcasting. 14(1), 92-97. DOI: 10.1007/s40962-019-00335-y.
[25] Bańkowski, D. & Spadło, S. (2020). Research on the Influence of Vibratory Machining on Titanium Alloys Properties. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 20(3), 47-52. DOI: 10.24425/afe.2020.133329.
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Authors and Affiliations

Pavlo Kaliuzhnyi
M. Voron
1
O. Mykhnian
1
A. Tymoshenko
1
O. Neima
1
O. Iangol
1

  1. Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
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Abstract

Investment casting technology that utilizes lost-wax casting is one of the most-important achievements of ancient society. In Lower Silesia, Poland (Grzybiany, Legnica county), a 7-6 BC casting workshop was discovered with numerous artifacts, confirming the existence of the manufacturing process of metal ornaments using ceramic molds. The paper presents the research of molds and casts from the Bronze and Early Iron Ages. Microscopic analyses of the casting molds were performed, along with radiographic and chemical composition tests of the artifacts (the latter employing the use of the X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy method). The clustering method was used for alloy classification. The microstructure was analyzed by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Conclusions from the research were utilized in further experiments
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Garbacz-Klempka
J.S. Suchy
Z. Kwak
T. Tokarski
R. Klempka
T. Stolarczyk
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Abstract

The investigation results of the kinetics of binding ceramic moulds, in dependence on the solid phase content in the liquid ceramic slurries being 67, 68 and 69% - respectively, made on the basis of the aqueous binding agents Ludox AM and SK. The ultrasonic method was used for assessing the kinetics of strengthening of the multilayer ceramic mould. Due to this method, it is possible to determine the ceramic mould strength at individual stages of its production. Currently self-supporting moulds, which must have the relevant strength during pouring with liquid metal, are mainly produced. A few various factors influence this mould strength. One of them is the ceramic slurry viscosity, which influences a thickness of individual layers deposited on the wax model in the investment casting technology. Depositing of layers causes increasing the total mould thickness. Therefore, it is important to determine the drying time of each deposited layer in order to prevent the mould cracking due to insufficient drying of layers and thus the weakening of the multilayer mould structure.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Kolczyk
Ł. Jamrozowicz
J. Zych
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Abstract

The new investigation method of a permeability of ceramic moulds applied in the investment casting technology, is presented in the paper. Some concepts of performing permeability measurements are shown. Investigations in which the influence of the solid phase fraction in the liquid ceramic moulding sand (LCMS) on a permeability of a multi-layer ceramic mould were performed and discussed. The permeability was estimated during two the most important stages of the technological process: in the first – after wax melting and in the second – after mould annealing. Also an influence of the matrix grain sizes (material for sprinkling) on a ceramic mould permeability was estimated.
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Authors and Affiliations

J. Zych
J. Kolczyk
T. Snopkiewicz
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Abstract

The possibilities of using an inorganic phosphate binder for the ablation casting technology are discussed in this paper. This kind of binder was selected for the process due to its inorganic character and water-solubility. Test castings were made in the sand mixture containing this binder. Each time during the pouring liquid alloy into the molds and solidification process of castings, the temperature in the mold was examined. Then the properties of the obtained castings were compared to the properties of the castings solidifying at ambient temperature in similar sand and metal molds. Post-process materials were also examined - quartz matrix and water. It has been demonstrated that ablation casting technology promotes refining of the microstructure, and thus upgrades the mechanical properties of castings (Rm was raised about approx. 20%). Properties of these castings are comparable to the castings poured in metal moulds. However, the post-process water does not meet the requirements of ecology, which significantly reduces the possibility of its cheap disposal.
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Bibliography


[1] Puzio, S., Kamińska, J., Angrecki, M. & Major-Gabryś, K. (2020). The Influence of Inorganic Binder Type on Properties of Self-Hardening Moulding Sands Intended for the Ablation Casting Process. Journal of Applied Materials Engineering. 60(4), 99-108.
[2] United States Patent No. US 7,159,642 B2.
[3] Dudek, P., Fajkiel, A., Reguła, T. & Bochenek, J. (2014). Research on the ablation casting technology of aluminum alloys. Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa, LIV(2). (in Polish).
[4] Ananthanarayanan, L., Samuel, F. & Gruzelski, J. (1992). Thermal analysis studies of the effect of cooling rate on the microstructure of 319 aluminium alloy. AFS Trans., 100, 383-391.
[5] Thompson, S., Cockcroft, S. & Wells, M. (2004). Advanced high metals casting development solidification of aluminium alloy A356. Materials Science and Technology, 20, 194-200.
[6] Jordon, L.W.J.B. (2011). Monotonic and cyclic characterization of five different casting process on a common magnesium alloy. Inte Natl, Manuf. Sci. Eng. Conf. MSE. Proceeding ASME.
[7] Jorstad, J. & Rasmussen, W. (1997). Aluminium science and technology. American Foundry Society. (368), 204-205.
[8] Weiss, D., Grassi, J., Schultz, B. & Rohagti, P. (2011). Ablation of hybrid metal matrix composites. Transactions of American Foundry Society. (119), 35-42.
[9] Taghipourian, M., Mohammadalihab, M., Boutorabic, S. & Mirdamadic, S. (2016). The effect of waterjet beginning time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 aluminium alloy during the ablation casting process. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 238, 89-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.05.004
[10] Rooy, E., Van Linden, J. (2015). ASM Metals Handbook, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials. 2, 3330-3345.
[11] Bohlooli, V., Shabani Mahalli, M. & Boutorabi, S. (2013). Effect of ablation casting on microstructure and casting properties of A356 aluminium casting alloy. Acta Metallurgica Sininca (English letters). 26(1), 85-91.
[12] Grassi, J., Campbell, J. (2010). Ablation casting. A Technical paper, pp. 1-9.
[13] Jordon, L. (2011). Characterization of five different casting process on a common magnesium alloy. Inte Natl, Manuf. Sci. Eng. Conf. MSEC. Proceeding ASME.
[14] Wang, L., Lett, R. (2011). Microstructure characterization of magnesium control ARM castings. Shape Casting, pp. 215-222.
[15] Yadav , S., Gupta, N. (2017). Ablation casting process – an emerging process for non ferrous alloys. International Journal of Engineering, Technology, Science and Research. 4(4).
[16] Acura. (2015). Ablation Casting. Retrieved from: https://www.acura.com/performance/modals/ablation-casting
[17] Honda. (2015). New technical details next generation nsx revealed at SAE 2015 World Congress. Retrieved from: https://honda.did.pl/pl/samochody/nasza-firma/aktualnosci/450-nowe-szczegoly-techniczne-dot-kolejnej-generacji-modelu-nsx-ujawnione-na-sae-2015-world-congr.html
[18] Technology, F.M. (2015). Ablation-cast parts debut on new acura NSX. Retrieved from: https://www.foundrymag.com/meltpour/ablation-cast-parts-debut-new-acura-nsx
[19] Holtzer, M. (2002). Development directions of molding and core sand with inorganic binders in terms of reducing the negative impact on the environment. Archives of Foundry. 2(3), 50-56. (in Polish).
[20] Major-Gabryś K. (2016). Environmentally friendly foundry molding and core sand. Kraków: Archives of Foundry Engineering. (in Polish)
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Authors and Affiliations

S. Puzio
1
ORCID: ORCID
J. Kamińska
1
ORCID: ORCID
K. Major-Gabryś
2
ORCID: ORCID
M. Angrecki
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network - Foundry Research Institute, Zakopianska 73, 30-418 Cracow, Poland
  2. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
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Abstract

Article present various forms of transfer of information available on the Internet. An attempt was made to show the possibility of such a selection of the knowledge sources that, taking into account user preferences, would arouse his interest, showing in parallel the intended substantive content. This commitment is shown in the context of the current assumptions of building a platform dedicated to support the needs of production processes in foundry and metallurgy.

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Authors and Affiliations

S. Kluska-Nawarecka
K. Regulski
D. Wilk-Kołodziejczyk
J. Dziaduś-Rudnicka

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