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Abstract

Prof. Roman Cieślak from the SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities talks about the emotional challenges of pursuing a career in science.

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Authors and Affiliations

Roman Cieślak
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Abstract

Philosophical concepts have always been closely related to the development of basic sciences. For example, great mathematical theories put forth at the turn of the century, and general theory of relativity were crucial for the advancement of physical sciences and at the same time had a great impact on the formation of a new science philosophy. They also initiated a new era of exploring the Universe, thus opening many issues in the fields of astrophysics and astronomy. In biology, the theory of evolution has greatly impacted the understanding of such fundamental issues as the origin of living species and the occurrence of the phenomenon of life on Earth. Another breakthrough in life sciences was a result of the progress in molecular biology which concerned sequencing genomes and modification of genetic resources of living organisms. These great achievements have led to formation of several new fields of life sciences such as: synthetic biology, systemic biology as well as personalized medicine.

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Andrzej B. Legocki
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Abstract

Given the importance of renewable energy as it provides alternative energy sources over the traditional fossil fuel that is environmentally friendly, clean and renewable, this research aims to explore scholarly articles and books that present and investigate the challenges and barriers facing the implementation of renewable energy sources in Libya where the social, cultural, financial and awareness aspects are an important consideration against renewable energy. This study contains a review of all relevant, peer-reviewed, and published articles from journals, websites, books, conference proceedings and bulletins. An extensive literature review was carried out with the aim of researching renewable energy in Libya. This was done to take a realistic perspective of the community and the knowledge services accessible. The review of literature has shown that further renewables energy research remains necessary as the current conditions of the energy sector in Libya need to be examined to understand the challenges and difficulties to introduce renewable energy within competent authorities and businesses are examined in accordance with their managers. This indicates the need to conduct various studies in Libya to explore the various challenges, mostly financial and technological, that face the purposeful implementation of renewable energy resources in Libya. Additionally, the level of awareness and culture perception of the use of renewable energy is an important aspect to be considered as reported as barriers affecting the implementation of renewable energy in various parts of the world.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mussa Mohamed Bahour
1
ORCID: ORCID
M.F.M. Alkbir
2
Fatihhi Januddi
2
Adnan Bakri
2

  1. Business School, University Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  2. Advance Facilities Engineering Technology Research Cluster (AFET-RC); Facilities Maintenance Engineering Section (FAME), Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL MITEC), Persiaran Sinaran Ilmu, Bandar Seri Alam, 81750, Johor, Malaysia
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Abstract

The article provides an overview of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) solutions for intelligent buildings. A significant topic from the smart cities point of view. That solution could be implemented as one of the human-building interfaces. The authors presented an analysis of the use of BCI in specific building systems. The article presents an analysis of BCI solutions in the context of controlling devices/systems included in the Building Management System (BMS). The Article confirms the possibility of using this method of communication between the user and the building’s central unit. Despite many confirmations of repeatable device inspections, the article presents the challenges faced by the commercialization of the solution in buildings.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bartłomiej Kawa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Borkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Rodak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lodz University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

This perspective paper focuses on the changes in teaching chemical engineering in Europe triggered by new challenges and megatrends observed in the chemical and related industries. Among the new teaching areas to address those challenges and megatrends, process intensification, digitalization and advanced materials are expected to play the most important role and are discussed in more detail. The discussion on incorporation of those new areas in the university curricula is illustrated with a comparison of educational approaches to the chemical engineering teaching at two universities – Delft University of Technology and Warsaw University of Technology. The aim of this paper is to focus the attention of university teachers and potential decision makers on the most important challenges for contemporary teaching of chemical engineering.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej I. Stankiewicz
1
Marek Henczka
2
Eugeniusz Molga
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Delft University of Technology, Process and Energy Department, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, ul. Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Investment casting is very well-known manufacturing process for producing relatively thin and multifarious industrial components with high dimensional tolerances as well as admirable surface finish. Investment casting process is further comprised of sub-processes including pattern making, shell making, dewaxing, shell backing, melting and pouring. These sub-processes are usually followed by heat treatment, finishing as well as testing & measurement of castings. Investment castings are employed in many industrial sectors including aerospace, automobile, bio-medical, chemical, defense, etc. Overall market size of investment castings in world is nearly 12.15 billion USD and growing at a rate of 2.8% every year. India is among the top five investment casting producers in the world, and produces nearly 4% (considering value of castings) of global market. Rajkot (home town of authors) is one of largest clusters of investment casting in India, and has nearly 175 investment casting foundries that is almost 30% of investment casting foundries of India. An industrial survey of nearly 25% of investment casting foundries of Rajkot cluster has been conducted in the year 2019-20 in order to get better insight related to 5 Cs (Capacity; Capability; Competency; Concerns; Challenges) of investment casting foundries located in the cluster. Specific set of questionnaires was design for the survey to address 5 Cs of investment casting foundries of Rajkot cluster, and their inputs were recorded during the in-person survey. The industrial survey yielded in providing better insight related to 5 Cs of foundries in Rajkot cluster. It will also help investment casting producer to identify the capabilities and quality issues as well as leads to benchmarking respective foundry.
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Bibliography

[1] Market Publishers (2020). Investment Casting Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Application (Aerospace & Defense, Energy Technology), By Region (North America, Europe, APAC, Central & South America, MEA), And Segment Forecasts, 2020 – 2027, 2020. Retrieved September, 2021, from https://pdf.marketpublishers.com/grand/investment-casting-market-size-share-trends-analysis-report-by-application-by-region-n-segment-forecasts-2020-2027.pdf
[2] Investment Casting Institute (2021). INCAST International Magazine of the Investment Casting Institute and the European Investment Casters Federation, 2021, XXXIV. Retrieved September, 2021, from https://www.investmentcasting.org/current-issue-public.html
[3] Online Learning Resources in Casting Design and Simulation. Retrieved September, 2021, from www.efoundry.iitb.ac.in
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Authors and Affiliations

A.V. Sata
1
N.R. Maheta
1

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Marwadi University, India
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Abstract

Diatomaceous ooze sampled from near the Mariana Trench sediment surface by gravity corer (Core JL7KGC05) revealed a high sedimentary abundance of Ethmodiscus rex (Rattray, 1890) Wiseman and Hendey, 1953 fragments and tropical open ocean planktonic diatom taxa including Azpeitia nodulifera (Schmidt, 1878) Fryxell and Watkins in Fryxell, Sims and Watkins, 1986 and Alveus marinus (Grunow, 1880) Kaczmarska and Fryxell, 1996. Subsurficial sediments from the ooze are assigned a Marine Isotope Stage 2 age, approximately at the Last Glacial Maximum. The occurrence of Ethmodiscus ooze suggests massive late Pleistocene blooms in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean and provides a plausible link to paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes related to Antarctic Intermediate Water mass, which carried a high dissolved silica content as silicon leakage that reduced dissolution rate of diatom frustules. Northward flow of Antarctic Intermediate Water was probably related to surface current migration and southward shift of the Northwest Pacific Gyre to form oligotrophic conditions that triggered Ethmodiscus rex blooms under unusual nutrient recycling conditions within the ocean system. This bloom hypothesis may help explain differential silica dissolution during the last glacial stage.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jinpeng Zhang
Andrzej Witkowski
Michał Tomczak
Kevin McCartney
Gaowen He
Izabela Zgłobicka
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Abstract

The Opole region struggles from the most unfavourable demographic situation among all Polish administrative regions. The region is not only losing its population but also reports a growing number of inhabitants aged 50 and more. For this reason, demographic challenges are high on the region’s development agenda. The establishment of the Special Demographic Zone for Opolskie Voivodeship (SDZ) has provided an incentive to take measures, both on the local and regional scale, to reverse the undesirable situation.

This article discusses one of the SDZ packages, namely Package 4 Golden Autumn intended for persons aged 50 and move. Based on surveys held in the municipalities of the Opole region, the author seeks to answer questions related to the perception of the existing demographic processes as developmental barriers and looks at different initiatives and action taken by local self-governments for 50+ residents.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paulina Legutko-Kobus
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Recent works of the authors, concerning the future of urban regions, are synthesised in the paper. Three methodological paths – focused on exploring and creating the future of urban regions – are the backbone of the presented work. Within the fi rst path, creation of regional future by applying the concept of intellectual and strategic challenges is recommended. Second path introduces a new perspective for the future, based upon vehicles. A new philosophy of urban and regional growth emerges here. Third path is a new approach towards creation of regional specialisations in a contemporary notion of technological and creative economy.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Klasa
Florian Kuźnik
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Abstract

In this paper experiences and manifestations of territorialisation of European cohesion policy, with special concentration on Poland, who is the biggest benefi ciary of that EU policy, were presented. Regional level is having strongest impact on success of territorialisation of public policies, but general conditions are shaped by central level, and also local level role is increasing, including cities and urban policy. Later an analysis of possibilities and conditions of EU cohesion policy territorialisation was elaborated, evaluating favourable and unfavourable factors. Conclusions are rather pessimistic, because there are many restrictions and preliminary preconditions of effi cient and eff ective decentralisation of EU structural intervention.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Szlachta
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Abstract

Challenging job demands are those which require the use of high energy and thus may impair health but bring positive consequences too. The present study aimed to construct a measure for challenging job demands for university teachers.
Methods: The study is based upon the model developed by Makhdoom and Malik (2018) which proposed three challenging job demands including Regulatory Load, Social Load, and Cognitive Demands. On the basis of the literature review, Time Pressure was also studied as a factor. First of all, the authors created an initial item pool of 19 items which were categorized into four factors. The finalized item pool was administered on two independent samples drawn from various universities of Pakistan. In the first stage, the university teachers (N = 201) from three universities of the Punjab province were approached. EFA concluded three-factor and 13 items, which were then administered upon a sample of university teachers (N = 600).
Results: The CFA confirmed the three-factor structure of challenging job demands including Time Pressure, Cognitive Demands and Social Load. All the fit indices were within an acceptable range. The values of factor loadings and Cronbach Alpha justified the internal consistency and psychometric soundness of the newly developed measure.
Discussion: The study concludes a psychometrically sound scale to measure challenging job demands in university teachers which will be helpful in future studies. The limitations of the study along with suggestions for future research and important theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Irsa Fatima Makhdoom
1
Najma Iqbal Malik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohsin Atta
1

  1. University of Sargosha, Pakistan
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Abstract

In this interview, Professor Estêvão de Rezende Martins, an emeritus professor at the University of Brasilia, discusses his intellectual journey and research interests in the theory, philosophy, and methodology of history and historiography. The conversation delves into the development of historical thinking and consciousness, exploring how human existence is inherently historical and how individuals relate to their experiences through cognitive operations and historical culture. Moreover, the interview explores the evolution of the theory of history in Brazil, emphasising the shift from the speculative reflections of the philosophy of history to the meth-odological rigour of the theory of history or epistemology of history. The role of academic historiography in the face of contemporary challenges, such as the recognition of non‑human or post‑human planetary agencies, is also addressed. Martins discusses the diversification of his-toriography and its autonomy in exploring previously neglected topics, along with the need for historical education to empower individuals to think independently and critically in our border-less, globalised world. Ultimately, the interview sheds light on the ongoing theoretical experi-mentation in the field of history and the potential impact on historiographical practice in the future.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hugo R. Merlo
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
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Abstract

In the article, we characterize the current and extremely serious problem of mass migration of people and indicate the necessary political actions that can alleviate it. The problem in question has increasingly dramatic consequences and has now reached proportions requiring decisive action. The basic suggestions are, on the one hand, the need to recognize the social situation in emigrants' homelands and offer these countries well-thought-out assistance, and, on the other hand, arrangements must be made on the part of the countries that are the destination of migration in order to develop a common and uniform policy, which is of special importance in countries of the European Union.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Kleiber
1

  1. Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN, Warszawa
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Abstract

Scientists around the world agree that nowadays, science is facing severe challenges like poor peer-review system, replicability crisis, or locked science behind paywalls. The National Science Center addresses at least some of them by introducing procedures that promote integrity, ethics, social responsibility, transparency, and openness in science.

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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Kossowska
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Abstract

The paper identifies key global challenges threatening the world and indicates the role of higher research and education institutions in effectively facing them. The analysis suggests that the key factor in securing our save future requires constantly increasing efforts in creating new and widely communicating available knowledge in favor of wisely understood common good.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Kleiber
1 2

  1. członek rzeczywisty PAN
  2. Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN, Warszawa
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Abstract

Low cost manufacturing of quality products remains an essential part of present economy

and technological advances made it possible. Advances and amalgamation of information

technology bring the production systems at newer level. Industry 4.0, factory for future,

smart factory, digital manufacturing, and industrial automation are the new buzz words of

industry stalwarts and academicians. These new technological revolutions bound to change

not only the complete manufacturing scenarios but many other sectors of the society. In this

paper an attempt has been made to capture the essence of Industry 4.0 by redefining it in

simple words, further its complex, disruptive nature and inevitability along with technologies

backing it has been discussed. Its enabling role in manufacturing philosophies like Lean

Manufacturing, and Flexible Manufacturing are also

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Authors and Affiliations

Shailendra Kumar
Mohd. Suhaib
Mohammad Asjad
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Abstract

The article discusses the issues of values and social responsibility of universities. On the one hand, the foundations of functioning of universities, which are created by research and education and the role of universities in formation, are recalled. On the other hand, it was reminded that the heart of universities, their DNA, are academic values, defined primarily in the Magna Charta Universitatum, but also in many other documents, such as the Code of Values of the Jagiellonian University. Hence, universities are increasingly often referred to not only as universities of knowledge, but also as universities of wisdom. Together, they are the basis for the social responsibility of universities. However, they alone are not enough for this social responsibility to materialise. Appropriate behaviour and actions are essential. Because knowledge alone is not everything. Such actions are always necessary, but especially when we find ourselves, as a country, humanity and a planet, in a crisis situation related to the climate disaster, which we are already partially experiencing. After the presentation of the most important current facts related to the climate and environmental crisis, the tasks to be undertaken urgently in this context by universities were presented, from broadly understood education, through convincing politicians to ambitious and quick actions, to intensive work on innovative solutions that can contribute to reducing threats brought by the climate and environmental crisis, pointing out, among others, the initiatives proposed by the newly created network of universities U7.

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Wiesław Banyś
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Abstract

Strategic Informatics is a monograph of the field of computer science in the field of; Its strategic development waves, the challenges of technological progress in the context of the strategic role of computer science, the main strategy-oriented applications in business, healthcare, agriculture, education and private home, strategic challenges of computer science in the humanities, digital state and city, sustainable development and information ethics, morality, and rights.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kazimierz Kowalski
1

  1. Professor Emeritus, California State University, Dominguez Hills

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