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Pilot Based MMSE Channel Estimation for Spatial Modulated OFDM Systems

Anetha Mary Soman R. Nakkeeran Mathew John Shinu
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 685-691 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2021.137863
Keywords MIMO Multicarrier modulation spatial modulation Channel Estimation Channel Models Interpolation
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Abstract

Due to the multifold growth in demands of multimedia services and mobile data, the request for increased channel capacity in mobile and wireless communication has been quickly increasing. Developing a wireless system with more spectral efficiency under varying channel condition is a key challenge to provide more bit rates with limited spectrum. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) gives higher gain by using the direct and the reflected signals, thus facilitating the transmission at high data rate. An integration of Spatial Modulation (SM) with OFDM (SM OFDM) is a newly evolved transmission technique and has been suggested as a replacement for MIMO -OFDM transmission. In practical scenarios, channel estimation is significant for detecting transmitted data coherently. This paper proposes pilot based, Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) channel estimation for the SM OFDM communication system. We have focused on analyzing Symbol Error Rate (SER) and Mean Square error (MSE) under Rayleigh channel employing International Telecommunication Union (ITU) specified Vehicular model of Pilot based MMSE channel estimator using windowed Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and MMSE weighting function. Simulation output shows that proposed estimator’s SER performance lies close to that of the MMSE optimal estimator in minimizing aliasing error and suppressing channel noise by using frequency domain data windowing and time domain weighting function. Usage of the Hanning window eliminates error floor and has a compact side lobe level compared to Hamming window and Rectangular window. Hanning window has a larger MSE at low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) values and decreases with high SNR values. It is concluded that data windowing technique can minimize the side lobe level and accordingly minimize channel estimation error when interpolation is done. MMSE weighting suppresses channel noise and improves estimation performance. Since Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT)/DFT transforms can be implemented with fast algorithms Inverse Fast Fourier Transform( IFFT)/Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) computational complexity can be remarkably reduced.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Anetha Mary Soman
1
R. Nakkeeran
1
Mathew John Shinu
2
  1. Department of Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry, India
  2. Department of Computer Science, St.ThomasCollege of Engineering & Technology, Kannur, Kerala, India

Impact of Climatic Conditions to Capacity of Airborne Ultrasonic Channel

Gustaw Mazurek
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2019 | vol. 65 | No 3 | 455–461 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2019.129799
Keywords Air-coupled ultrasound digital communication channel estimation channel capacity acoustic data transmission
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Abstract

In this paper, we estimate the upper limit of the transmission data rate in airborne ultrasonic communications, under condition of the optimal power allocation. The presented method is based on frequency response of a channel in case of single-path LOS propagation under different climatic conditions and AWGN background noise model, and it can be easily extended to the case of frequency-dependent noise. The obtained results go beyond the discrete distances for which experimental SNR values were available, and are more accurate than the previous calculations in the literature, due to the inclusion of the channel frequency response and its changes over the distance. The impact of air temperature, relative humidity and the atmospheric pressure on the channel capacity is also investigated. The presented results can serve as a reference during the design of airborne ultrasonic communication systems operating in the far-field region.

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Authors and Affiliations

Gustaw Mazurek

Damped Zero-Pseudorandom Noise OFDM Systems

Hamada Esmaiel
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2018 | vol. 64 | No 4 | 433-438 | DOI: 10.24425/123542
Keywords Time reversal (TR) channel estimation (CE) compressed sensing (CS) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)
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Abstract

This paper proposed a new OFDM scheme called damped zero-pseudorandom noise orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DZPN-OFDM) scheme. In the proposed scheme, ZPN-OFDM non-zero part is damped to reduce its energy, thus the mutual interference power in-between the data and training blocks with conservative the pseudo-noise conventional properties required for channel estimation or synchronization. The motivation of this paper is the OFDM long guard interval working in wide dispersion channels, whereas a significant energy is wasted when the conventional ZPN-OFDM is used as well as the BER performance is also degraded. Moreover, the proposed scheme doesn’t duplicate the guard interval to solve the ZPN-OFDM spectrum efficiency loss problem. Both detailed performance analysis and simulation results show that the proposed DZPNOFDM scheme can, indeed, offer significant bit error rate, spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency improvement.

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Authors and Affiliations

Hamada Esmaiel

A proposed preamble channel estimation scheme for flip FBMC-based indoor VLC systems

Mohamed Y. El-Ganiny Ashraf A. M. Khalaf Aziza I. Hussein Hesham F. A. Hamed
Opto-Electronics Review | 2022 | 30 | 1 | e140859 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2022.140859
Keywords channel estimation filter bank multicarrier IEEE 802.15.7 standard interference approximation method visible light communication
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Abstract

Filter bank multicarrier waveform is investigated as a potential waveform for visible light communication broadcasting systems. Imaginary inter-carrier and/or inter-symbol interference are causing substantial performance degradation in the filter bank multicarrier system. Direct current-biased optical filter bank multicarrier modulation overcomes all the problems of direct current-biased optical-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation approaches in terms of speed and bandwidth. However, it also wastes a lot of energy while transforming a true bipolar signal into a positive unipolar signal by adding direct current-bias. In this paper, a flip-filter bank multicarrier-based visible light communication system was introduced to overcome this problem. In this system, a bipolar signal is converted to a unipolar signal by isolating the positive and negative parts, turning them to positive and then delivering the signal. Also, a new channel estimation scheme for a flip-filter bank multicarrier system is proposed which improves the channel estimation performance compared to that of each of the conventional schemes. The proposed system performance is measured in terms of bit error rate, normalized mean squared error, and constellation diagram. The superiority of the proposed scheme over other conventional structures has been successfully verified by MATLAB 2020b simulation experiments results. These results are evaluated under indoor visible light communication standard.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Mohamed Y. El-Ganiny
1
Ashraf A. M. Khalaf
2
ORCID: ORCID
Aziza I. Hussein
3
ORCID: ORCID
Hesham F. A. Hamed
4
  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Higher Technological Institute, 10th of Ramadan City, Sharqia, Egypt
  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
  3. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Effat University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  4. Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt

Performance of a Software Defined Radio based Non-Coherent OFDM Wireless Link

Nandana Narayana Pallaviram Sure
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 3 | 537-544 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.146504
Keywords Software Defined Radio (SDR) Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) LabVIEW LS channel estimation denoising threshold
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Abstract

With improved technological successions, wireless communication applications have been incessantly evolving. Owing to the challenges posed by the multipath wireless channel, radio design prototypes have become elemental in all wireless systems before deployment. Further, different signal processing requirements of the applications, demand a highly versatile and reconfigurable radio such as Software Defined Radio (SDR) as a crucial device in the design phase. In this paper, two such SDR modules are used to develop an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) wireless link, the technology triumphant ever since 4G. In particular, a non-coherent end-to-end OFDM wireless link is developed in the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band at a carrier frequency of 470 MHz. The transmitter includes Barker sequences as frame headers and pilot symbols for channel estimation. At the receiver, pulse alignment using Max energy method, frame synchronization using sliding correlator approach and carrier offset correction using Moose algorithm are incorporated. In addition, wireless channel is estimated using Least Square (LS) based pilot aided channel estimation approach with denoising threshold and link performance is analyzed using average Bit Error Rate (BER), in different pilot symbol scenarios. In a typical laboratory environment, the results of BER versus receiver gain show that with 4 pilot symbols out of 128 carriers, at a gain of 20 dB, BER is 0.160922, which is reduced to 0.136884 with 16 pilot symbols. The developed link helps OFDM researchers to mitigate different challenges posed by the wireless environment and thereby strengthen OFDM technology.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nandana Narayana
1
Pallaviram Sure
1
  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India

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