Campyloprion Eastman, 1902 is a chondrichthyan having an arched symphyseal tooth whorl similar to that of
Helicoprion Karpinsky, 1899, but less tightly coiled. The holotype of Campyloprion annectans Eastman, 1902,
the type species of Campyloprion, is of unknown provenance, but is presumed to be from the Pennsylvanian
of North America. Campyloprion ivanovi (Karpinsky, 1922) has been described from the Gzhelian of Russia.
A partial symphyseal tooth whorl, designated as Campyloprion cf. C. ivanovi, is reported from the Missourian
Tinajas Member of the Atrasado Formation of Socorro County, New Mexico, USA. Partial tooth whorls from
the Virgilian Finis Shale and Jacksboro Limestone Members of the Graham Formation of northern Texas, USA,
are designated as Campyloprion sp. Two partial tooth whorls from the Gzhelian of Russia that were previously
referred to C. ivanovi are designated as Campyloprion cf. C. annectans. The age of Toxoprion lecontei (Dean,
1898), from Nevada, USA, is corrected from the Carboniferous to the early Permian. An alternative interpretation
of the holotype of T. lecontei is presented, resulting in a reversal of its anterior-to-posterior orientation. The
genera Helicoprion, Campyloprion, and Shaktauites Tchuvashov, 2001 can be distinguished by their different
spiral angles.
Very rare chondrichthyan spines from the Famennian (Upper Devonian) of European Russia are referred here to ctenacanthiforms, euselachians and a chondrichthyan group of uncertain systematic position. Ctenacanthus Agassiz, 1837 is recorded from the lower and middle Famennian of the central and north-western parts of the area. Sculptospina makhlaevi Lebedev gen. et sp. nov. originates from the lower Famennian of the Lipetsk Region. The holotype of ‘Ctenacanthus’ jaekeli Gross, 1933 and a new specimen from the upper Famennian of the South Urals are shown to belong to the same taxon, which is transferred to Acondylacanthus St. John and Worthen, 1875. New specimens of Tuberospina nataliae Lebedev, 1995 from the upper Famennian of Central Russia are described in detail. The newly presented material increases our knowledge of the composition of Famennian marine assemblages from the East European Platform. It is suggested that these assemblages may be classified as chondrichthyan-dominated and dipnoan-dominated. Hypothetically, after the end- Devonian Hangenberg extinction event, which affected numerous secondary consumers in vertebrate communities, some chondrichthyan groups could have encroached to take advantage of previously occupied ecological niches. Ctenacanthus, as well as Acondylacanthus and Amelacanthus survived the end-Devonian mass extinction to continue into the Carboniferous.