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Thermal/cold spray deposition were used for additive manufacture of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel layers. Mechanically alloyed F/M ODS steel powders (Fe(bal.)-10Cr-1Mo-0.25Ti-0.35Y2O3 in wt.%) were sprayed by a high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) and cold spray methods. HVOF, as a thermal method, was used for manufacturing a 1 mm-thick ODS steel layer with a ~95% density. The source to objective distance (SOD) and feeding rate were controlled to achieve sound manufacturing. Y2Ti2O7 nano-particles were preserved in the HVOF sprayed layer; however, unexpected Cr2O3 phases were frequently observed at the boundary area of the powders. A cold spray was used for manufacturing the Cr2O3-free layer and showed great feasibility. The density and yield of the cold spray were roughly 80% and 45%, respectively. The softening of ODS powders before the cold spray was conducted using a tube furnace of up to 1200°C. Microstructural characteristics of the cold sprayed layer were investigated by electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD), the uniformity of deformation amount inside powders was observed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Suk Hoon Kang

Chang-Kyu Rhee

Sanghoon Noh

Tae Kyu Kim

Effect of Laser Surface Melting on Microstructure of Cold Sprayed Ni20Cr Coatings

D. Soboń

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 3 | 853-860 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.136390

Keywords cold spraying Ni20Cr coating laser modification mechanical properties

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Abstract

In this study, Ni20Cr coatings were obtained by cold spraying on an aluminum alloy 7075 substrate. The obtained coatings were characterized by a uniform microstructure and low porosity. The sprayed coating has the same phase composition as the powder used. Next, the cold sprayed coatings were heat treated using a TRUMPF TLF 6000 TURBO (4 kW) CO2 laser. The laser surface melting of the coatings resulted in the formation of a columnar structure and an improvement in their mechanical properties. The Ni20Cr cold sprayed coatings after additional laser melting showed lower porosity and an increase in microhardness and Young`s modulus.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Soboń

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ORCID:

Kielce University of Technology, 7 Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego Av., 25-314 Kielce, Poland

The Influence of Copper Powder Morphology on Mechanical Properties of Low-Pressure Cold Sprayed Coatings

D. Grygier M. Rutkowska-Gorczyca M.G. Winnicki T. Wojdat

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 2 | 573-580 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.135894

Keywords cold spraying copper coatings coating bond strength nanoindentation AA 1350 aluminium alloy

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Abstract

Thermal spraying methods are commonly used to regenerate damaged surface or change materials surface properties. One of the newest methods is cold spraying, where coating is deposited of material in the solid state. Therefore shape and size of the powder particles are very important parameters. The article presents the influence of copper powder morphology on mechanical properties of the coatings (adhesion, hardness, Young’s modulus) deposited with the Low Pressure Cold Spraying method on the AA1350 aluminium alloy substrate. The coatings were deposited using two commercially available copper powders with spherical and dendritic morphology and granulation of –40+10 µm. The bond strength of coatings was determined with the pull off method, the hardness with the Vickers method at load of 2.94 N, while the Young’s modulus through measurement of nanoindentation. Microstructure of the coatings was analysed using the light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Shape of the powder influences mechanical properties of the coating significantly. The coatings deposited with dendritic powder had low mechanical properties, hardness of the 81 HV0.3 order and adhesion of about 4 MPa. However changing powder morphology to spherical increased hardness of the coating to 180 HV0.3 and adhesion to 38.5 MPa.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Grygier

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ORCID:

M. Rutkowska-Gorczyca

e-mail:

ORCID:

M.G. Winnicki

e-mail:

ORCID:

T. Wojdat

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ORCID:

Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Vehicle Engineering, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Metal Forming, Welding and Metrology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland

Corrosion Damage Mechanisms of TiO2 Cold-Sprayed Coatings

M.M. Lachowicz M. Winnicki

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 975-985 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139691

Keywords titanium dioxide cold-sprayed coatings potentiodynamic polarization tests aluminum alloys structural steel

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Abstract

Cold spraying as a low-temperature coating deposition method is intended for thermally sensitive materials. Due to its precise temperature control, it limits the formation of structural defects, and can therefore be easily applied to spray corrosion protective coatings made from metal or metal-ceramic powders. However, the formation of pure ceramic coatings with the use of cold spraying is still not so common. Titanium dioxide is one of the most interesting ceramics due to its photocatalytic properties. Nevertheless, these types of coating materials usually work in a corrosion favoring humid atmosphere. In the presented paper, amorphous TiO2 powder was deposited onto aluminum alloys and steel substrates and then submitted to potentiodynamic corrosion tests in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The as-sprayed coating showed phase transition from amorphous TiO2 to anatase, and also revealed porosity. As a result, electrolytes penetrated the coating and caused undercoating corrosion in the tested environment of an aqueous NaCl solution. The analysis of the potentiodynamic curves showed that the presence of the coating decreased corrosion potential on both substrates. It arose from the mixed phases of TiO2, which consisted of photocathode – amorphous material and photoanode – crystalline anatase. The phase mixture induced the galvanic corrosion of metallic substrates in the presence of electrolytes. Moreover, pitting-like corrosion and coating delamination were detected in aluminium alloy and steel samples, respectively. Finally, the corrosion mechanism of the titanium dioxide coatings was characterized and described.

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Authors and Affiliations

M.M. Lachowicz

M. Winnicki

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ORCID:

Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Department of Metal Forming, Welding and Metrology, 5 Lukasiewicza S tr., 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland

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General description of cold sprayed coatings formation and of their properties

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Spray Deposition of Mechanically Alloyed F/M ODS Steel Powder

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Effect of Laser Surface Melting on Microstructure of Cold Sprayed Ni20Cr Coatings

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Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations

The Influence of Copper Powder Morphology on Mechanical Properties of Low-Pressure Cold Sprayed Coatings

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Corrosion Damage Mechanisms of TiO2 Cold-Sprayed Coatings

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations