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Number of results: 20
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Abstract

This article examines the process of the judicial Europeanization of the Polish Constitution. In Poland the judicial method of Europeanizing the Constitution is currently the primary way of adjusting constitutional norms to requirements resulting from EU law. The phenomenon of re-interpretation of constitutional provisions in light of the new and changing realities is a characteristic feature of contemporary constitutionalism. It has been a long time since most national constitutions have undergone significant textual changes. In Poland, the scope of judicial Europeanization of the Constitution is connected, to a great extent, with the inflexible procedure required for constitutional amendments. In this situation, these so-called “silent changes” of constitutional norms are the easiest and fastest way of reacting to requirements stemming from Poland’s EU membership. In the Polish case not only have the norms regarding the political system of the state changed, but also constitutional standards relating to the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms have undergone the process of the Europeanization. To some extent, these changes relate to procedural norms as well.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Kustra
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Abstract

This essay (given at the PENClub Polska) deals with the relationship between constitutional matters and poetry. The essay takes a closer look at the poetry of Adam Zagajewski, Marcin Świetlicki, Julian Tuwim and Adam Bieszek. “There is nothing on us in the Constitution” – Marcin Świetlicki angrily declaims the bitterness of civil rejection in the poem “Under the volcano”. However, the poet is not right. The Constitution sometimes means more than it says directly. If it is silent about something, that does not always amount to rejection, as Świetlicki claims. The two first parts of the essay explain why the poet could have made such a mistake as to his presence in the Constitution. The third part expounds the change that is taking place in Poland: the rejection of the foundations of the Constitution without changing its text.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Łętowska
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Abstract

Human rights provide the rationale behind the functioning of the state, while at the same time imposing certain limits on its actions. How does Poland’s Constitution protect the rights of individuals, and what limitations come into play in the state–citizen relationship?
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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Wyrzykowski
1

  1. Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Warsaw
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Abstract

The author analyses the structure of the predicative expression, i.e. a mor-phosyntactic construction functioning as the so-called constitutive predicate of the proposition in question. She illustrates her analysis with examples from Polish and from Macedonian – two languages whose grammatical systems are maximally typologicaly opposed in the frame of the Slavic linguistic group. She states that the predicative expression is composed of 1) constitutive form of verbum finitum and 2) its adjuncts formalized as adverbia and/or adverbialia responding to the questions: when? how long? how? in which mood? in which way? and carrying supplementary information from the semantic domains of the grammatical categories characteristic of the finite verb, such as ‘time’, ‘aspect’, or ‘mood’; most numerous are those informing (a) on the location of the referred to event on the time-axis or (b) on the procedure leading to the realization of that event.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zuzanna Topolińska
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

In the present paper, the damage of fiber-reinforced composite laminates is considered with the aim to examine the change of their mechanical properties. The crucial issue for theoretical analysis is to construct constitutive relations, which talce into account the development of damage, along with stress and strain. The paper is mainly focused on this problem. In order to derive an adequate description, the author employs an approach based on polynomial invariants functions and invariants integrity basis by Adkins.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz German
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Abstract

The article gathers comments on selected articles to be found in the 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan - the third in Afghanistan’s history but at the same time the first in many respects, not only because of its modern, by the standards of the time, nature, as it was supposed to change the nature of the monarchy from an absolute into a constitutional/parliamentary one. The text is divided into four parts: (0) Introduction, where the aims of the analysis and reasons for writing the text have been presented; (1) Historical perspective of the Afghanistan’s constitutional movement; (2) In-depth comments on: (i) Royal Promulgation, (ii) The Preamble, and (iii) nineteen articles; as well as (3) Conclusions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mateusz M.P. Kłagisz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

This article concerns constitutional problems related to the implementation of EU directives seen from both the legal and comparative perspectives. The directives are a source of law which share a number of characteristic features that significantly affect and determine the specificity of Member States’ constitutional review of the directives as well as the legal acts that implement them. The review of the constitutionality of EU directives is carried out in accordance with the provisions of national implementing acts. Member States’ constitutional courts adopt two basic positions in this respect. The first position (adopted by, inter alia, the French Constitutional Council and German Federal Constitutional Court) is based on the assumption of a partial “constitutional immunity” of the act implementing the directive, which results in only a partial control of the constitutionality of the implementing acts, i.e. the acts of national law implementing such directives. The second position, (adopted, explicitly or implicitly by, inter alia, the Austrian Federal Constitutional Court, Czech Constitutional Court, Polish Constitutional Court, Romanian Constitutional Court and Slovak Constitutional Court) concerns the admissibility of a full review of the implementing acts. This leads to the admissibility of an indirect review of the content of the directive if the Court examines the provision as identical in terms of content with an act of EU law. Another issue is related to the application of the EU directives as indirect yardsticks of review. The French Constitutional Council case-law on review of the proper implementation of EU directives represents the canon in this regard. Nonetheless, interesting case studies of further uses of EU directives as indirect yardsticks of review can be found in the case law of other constitutional courts, such as the Belgian Constitutional Court or Spanish Constitutional Court. The research presented in this paper is based on the comparative method. The scope of the analysis covers case law of the constitutional courts of both old and new Member States. It also includes a presentation of recent jurisprudential developments, focusing on the constitutional case-law regarding the Data Retention Directive and the Directive on Combating Terrorism.

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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Kustra-Rogatka
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Abstract

The article discusses the rules for judicial proceedings in cases for the establishment and distribution of a fund for limiting liability for maritime claims as they are set out in the Maritime Code and the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims (LLMC 1996). The author presented the basic convention principles regarding the constitution of the fund and related effects as well as the issue of their interpretation and application in national law of selected countries parties of the convention. The article discusses the regulation of the main stages of the fund proceeding in the Polish civil procedure.

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Authors and Affiliations

Iwona Zużewicz-Wiewiórowska
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

John Rawls develops and precisely defines the concept of civil disobedience which had emerged from the American tradition of democracy and was already discussed in the 19th century by H.D. Thoreau. It is a part of a theory of ‘justice as fairness’ and it rigidly supports the conditions of resistance to the state employed in the effort to sustain moral order in the practice of democracy. This effort cannot be interpreted as a revolutionary rebellion against the state and law, for it aspires to implement a kind of reform which aims at a restoration of justice whenever it is deeply neglected or violated. In the nub of this theory lies the claim of the importance of the civil conscience as formed by the principles of constitution which reflect the principles of justice without presupposing an extended theory of good. The normative paradigm of ethics, according to which Rawls presents his theory of justice, should be complemented by virtue ethics, argues the author, and points to that the absence of civil virtues manifested deplorably in the present weakness of liberal democracy in the face of the growing pressure from populism.
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Bibliography

Anscombe G.E.M. (2010), Nowożytna filozofia moralności, przeł. M. Roszyk, „Ethos” 4 (92).
Arendt H. (1969), On Violence, New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
Arendt H. (1991), O rewolucji, przeł. M. Godyń, Kraków: Wydawnictwo X – Dom Wydawniczy Totus.
Arendt H. (1993), Korzenie totalitaryzmu, przeł. M. Szawiel, D. Grinberg, Warszawa: Niezależna Oficyna Wydawnicza.
Hobbes T. (2005), Lewiatan, przeł. Cz. Znamierowski, Warszawa: Fundacja Aletheia.
Lazari‑Pawłowska I. (1990), Etyczne aspekty obywatelskiego sprzeciwu, „Etyka” 25.
Porębski Cz. (1999), Umowa społeczna. Renesans idei, Kraków: Znak.
Rawls J. (1994), Teoria sprawiedliwości, przeł. M. Panufnik, J. Pasek, A. Romaniuk, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Rawls J. (1998), Liberalizm polityczny, przeł. A. Romaniuk, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Rawls J. (2010), Wykłady z historii filozofii polityki, przeł. S. Szymański, Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne.
Snyder T. (2019), Droga do niewolności. Rosja, Europa, Ameryka, przeł. B. Pietrzyk, Kraków: Znak.
Szutta N. (2017), Czy istnieje coś, co zwiemy moralnym charakterem i cnotą?, Lublin: Academicon.
Thoreau H.D. (1983), Obywatelskie nieposłuszeństwo, w: tenże, Życie bez zasad. Eseje, przeł. H. Cieplińska, Warszawa: Czytelnik.
Wierzbicki A.M. (1992), The Ethics of Struggle for Liberation, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Wierzbicki A.M. (2021), Osoba i moralność, Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL.
Wojtyła K. (1991), Człowiek w polu odpowiedzialności, Rzym – Lublin: Instytut Jana Pawła II KUL.
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Authors and Affiliations

Alfred Marek Wierzbicki
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydział Filozofii, Al. Racławickie 14, 20‑950 Lublin
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Abstract

In this paper, as a purpose to apply the supersaturated solid-solutionized Al-9Mg alloy to the structural sheet parts of automotive, tensile tests were conducted under the various conditions and a constitutive equation was derived from the tensile test results. Al-9Mg alloy was produced using a special Mg master alloy containing Al2Ca during the casting process and extruded into the sheet. In order to study the deformation behavior of Al-9Mg alloy in warm temperature forming environments, tensile tests were conducted under the temperature of 373 K-573 K and the strain rate of 0.001/s~0.1/s. In addition, by using the raw data obtained from tensile tests, a constitutive equation of the Al-9Mg alloy was derived for predicting the optimized condition of the hot stamping process. Al-9Mg alloy showed uncommon deformation behavior at the 373 K and 473 K temperature conditions. The calculated curves from the constitutive equation well-matched with the measured curves from the experiments particularly under the low temperature and high strain rate conditions.
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Bibliography

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[2] B.-H. Lee, S.-H. Kim, J.-H. Park, H.-W. Kim, J.-C. Lee, Materials Science and Engineering: A 657, 115-122 (2016). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.01.089
[3] D. Li, A. Ghosh, Materials Science and Engineering: A 352, 279- 286 (2003). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00915-2
[4] N.-S. Kim, K.-H. Choi, S.-Y. Yang, S.-H. Ha, Y.-O. Yoon, B.-H. Kim, H.-K. Lim, S.K. Kim, S.-K. Hyun, Metals 11, 288 (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/met11020288
[5] H. Wang, Y. Luo, P. Friedman, M. Chen, L. Gao, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 22, 1-7 (2012). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(11)61131-X
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Authors and Affiliations

Seung Y. Yang
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Bong H. Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Da B. Lee
1
Kweon H. Choi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nam S. Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Seong H. Ha
1
Young O. Yoon
1
Hyun K. Lim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Shae Kim
1
Young J. Kim
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Advanced Process and Materials R&D Group, KITECH, 156 Gaetbeol Rd., Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, Korea
  2. Sungkyunkwan University, Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, SKKU, Suwon, Korea
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Abstract

The rheological property of asphalt is an important factor affecting the pavement performance of asphalt binder, and the fundamental reason for the change of asphalt rheological property is the strong evolution of asphalt material meso structure. However, the internal mechanism of rejuvenated asphalt mastic system is complex and its rules are difficult to grasp. Aiming to study the relationship between meso mechanical parameters and rheological parameters of rejuvenated asphalt mastic, the meso structure model of rejuvenated asphalt mastic was established and improved based on the discrete element method. Moreover, the meso parameters of the model were obtained by the objective function method, and then the influences of various factorswere studied to construct the mathematical constitutive model of rheological parameter modulus and meso mechanical parameters. Combing with the reliability of the improved Burgers model was verified based on the rheological test results of rejuvenated asphalt mastic. In addition, the virtual test of dynamic shear rheological dynamic frequency scanning was carried out on the asphalt mastic sample by particle flow software. By adjusting the mesomechanical parameters, the simulation results (complex shear modulus and phase angle)were consistent with the test results. This study clarified the relationship between mesomechanics and macro performance, and this model could be used to obtain the complex shear modulus of rejuvenated asphalt mastic under different types, filler-asphalt ratio and external force environments by adjusting particle flow, wall boundary and other conditions, which can greatly save the workload for the later research and provide a theoretical basis for production experiments.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mei Lin
1
Yu Lei
1
Ping Li
1
Jun Shuai
1
Zhaoli Wang
2

  1. School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
  2. Gansu Road and Bridge Green Smart Construction Technology Industry Research Institute, Lanzhou, 730030, China
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Abstract

This article looks at Iranian television series and how their creators dealt with historical themes, especially those related to the Qajar dynasty and the Iranian Constitutional Movement. The study is focused on the works of three selected Iranian filmmakers - Ali Hatami, Mohammad Reza Varzi, and Mehran Modiri. Its main objective is to identify the dominant approach to history they have applied in their works. By analyzing their television activities, the paper discusses debates that accompanied serials broadcast, their reception among the critics, and seeks to reflect on the place and role historical productions play in the cultural, social, or political context in modern Iran.
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Rodziewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

With the Act on the Polish Card Poland followed the pattern of some European states (mostly Central and Eastern European ones) of enacting specific domestic legislation conferring special treatment and benefits to persons who are recognized as its kin-minorities. The most important analysis of this phenomenon from the perspective of international law was the 2001 Venice Commission’s report entitled “Report on the Protection of National Minorities by their Kin-State.” The Polish legislation was adopted in 2007, so for obvious reasons it was not considered by the Venice Commission. However, a rather unexpected and unusual examination of the Polish kin-state legislation from the perspective of international law came from Belarus. The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus (CCRB) conducted a comprehensive examination of the Act on the Polish Card in 2011. The main aim of this article is to present and comment on the reasoning of the CCRB. Beginning with the broader context, this article starts with a presentation of the origins and a short description of the Act on the Polish Card, followed by a discussion of why the Polish Card and other kin-state legislation instruments are topics of concern in international law. The main part of the article is devoted to the presentation and assessment of the 2011 CCRB decision on the Act on the Polish Card. The author’s assessment confirms at least some of the concerns put forward by the CCRB, i.e., that both the Act on the Polish Card and the practice based on it contradict some norms and principles of international law, namely the principle of territorial sovereignty, the norms of consular law, and several bilateral treaties in force between these two states. Bearing in mind that despite those concerns more than a quarter-million Polish Cards (also sometimes called Pole’s Cards) have been issued so far by the Polish authorities, the article ends with a discussion of why such a prolonged nonconformity with international law is possible.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Burek
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Abstract

The article presents Charles Taylor’s critical philosophy of language and it reviews his recent book on the human linguistic capacity. Critical philosophy of language is understood here as a broad (philosophical, social and political) perspective on language characterized by multifaceted concern with the linguistic and cognitive mechanisms involved in language use. The paper discusses Taylor’s interest in language and philosophy of language, and focuses on his seminal distinction between the ‘designative-instrumental’ and ‘constitutive-expressive’ theories of language. In the former theory language is understood within the confi nes of Cartesian representational epistemology, whereas in the latter language constitutes meaning and shapes human experience (one of the features important for defi ning the critical approach to philosophy of language).

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Stalmaszczyk
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Abstract

The subject of the article is the assessment of the way of presentation of the issue of realism and idealism in the Controversy over the Existence of the World by R. Ingarden. First, the author of this paper offers his own systematization of the issue of ‘realism – idealism’, then he goes on to show Ingarden’s position. The modern opposition ‘realism – idealism’ can be divided into three main areas: (1) the problem of the existence of the so‑called ‘constitutive a priori’, (2) the problem of the argumentative transgression of the immanence of consciousness (the so‑called ‘bridge problem’), (3) the problem of the causal genesis of the image of the world at the disposal of human cognitive subjects (skeptical hypotheses). The author undertakes to show that the Controversy over the Existence of the World takes as a starting point only a specific interpretation of the issue of realism and idealism: the interpretation contained in the writings of E. Husserl, while omitting the fundamental issue of the nature of time and space, and is limited thereby to the interpretation of realism and idealism from the point of view of the question of the existence qualified as constitutive a priori.
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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Judycki
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Gdański, Instytut Filozofii, Socjologii i Dziennikarstwa, ul. J. Bażyńskiego 4, 80-309 Gdańsk
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Abstract

In the Two Concepts of Rules (1955) John Rawls presents the following distinction between two concepts of rules governing human action: a rule as summary of past decisions versus a rule defining a practice. The latter concept was incorporated by John Searle (1964, 1969, 1991, 1995) as the key element of his ontology of social facts. For, according to Searle, a rule of such type is used to create a new practice or institution, and consequently, a new kind of conduct in the framework of such institution. Usually (but not always) a sentence expressing such a rule is a definition of special kind with an unexpected feature: what has been defined is a creation of the definition / of the author. The present paper is an attempt to reveal the essential contribution of Rawls to the early stage of development of Searle’s social ontology as well as an attempt to present its development from 1964 onward until the appearance of its full blooded version in 1995. Moreover, particular attention is devoted to the concept of Searle’s definition of institutional object. The special features of the definition indicate the need to distinguish a fourth concept of ‘definition’, a ‘creative definition’, over the three proposed by Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz in his Three concepts of definition (1958).
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Bibliography

Ajdukiewicz K. (1958a), Trzy pojęcia definicji, „Studia Filozoficzne” 5 (8), s. 3–16; również w: tenże, Język i poznanie, t. II, Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1965, s. 296–307.
Ajdukiewicz K. (1958b), Le problème du fondement des propositions analytiques, „Studia Logica” 8, s. 259–272; wyd. pol.: Zagadnienie uzasadniania zdań analitycznych, przeł. H. Mortimer, w: K. Ajdukiewicz, Język i poznanie, t. II, Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1965, s. 308–321.
Ajdukiewicz K. (1965), Język i poznanie, t. II, Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Anscombe G.E.M. (1958), On Brute Facts, „Analysis” 18, s. 69–72.
Friedman R.L. (2021), Peter Auriol, w: E.N. Zalta (red.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Summer 2021 Edition, https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2021/entries/auriol/
Grice H.P. (1975), Logic and Conversation, w: P. Cole, J.L. Morgan (red.), Syntax and Semantics, t. 3: Speech Acts, New York: Academic Press, s. 41–58; wyd. pol.: Logika a konwersacja, przeł. J. Wajszczuk, „Przegląd Humanistyczny” 21 (1977), nr 6 (141), s. 85–99; oraz Logika a konwersacja, przeł. B. Stanosz, w: B. Stanosz (red.), Język w świetle nauki, Warszawa: Czytelnik, 1980.
Lakoff G., Johnson M. (1980), Metaphors We Live By, Chicago – London: The University of Chicago Press; wyd. pol.: Metafory w naszym życiu, przeł. T.P. Krzeszowski, Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1988.
Levinson S.C. (2000), Presumptive Meanings: The Theory of Generalized Conversational Implicature, Cambridge, MA – London: The MIT Press.
Rawls J. (1955), Two Concepts of Rules, „The Philosophical Review” 64, s. 3–32.
Searle J.R. (1964), How to Derive „Ought” From „Is”, „The Philosophical Review” 73, s. 43–58.
Searle J.R. (1965), What Is a Speech Act?, w: M. Black (red.), Philosophy in America, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, London: Allen & Unwin, s. 221–239; częściowe wyd. pol.: Czym jest akt mowy?, przeł. H. Buczyńska‑Garewicz, „Pamiętnik Literacki” 1980, nr 2, s. 241–248.
Searle J.R. (1969), Speech Acts, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; wyd. pol.: Czynności mowy, przeł. B. Chwedeńczuk, Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy Pax, 1987.
Searle J.R. (1991), Intentionalistic Explanations in the Social Sciences, „Philosophy of Social Sciences” 21, s. 332–344.
Searle J.R. (1995), The Construction of Social Reality, New York: Free Press.
Sperber D., Wilson D. (1986), Relevance: Communication and Cognition, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers; wyd. pol.: Relewancja. Komunikacja i poznanie, red. M. Jodłowiec, A. Piskorska, Kraków: Tertium, 2011.
Znamierowski Cz. (1921), O przedmiocie i fakcie społecznym, „Przegląd Filozoficzny” 24, s. 1–33.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Nowak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Łódzki, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Lindleya 3/5, 90‑131 Łódź
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Abstract

The paper is related to the material behaviour of additively manufactured samples obtained by the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) method from the AlSi10Mg powder. The specimens are subjected to a quasi-static and dynamic compressive loading in a wide range of strain rates and temperatures to investigate the influence of the manufacturing process conditions on the material mechanical properties. For completeness, an analysis of their deformed microstructure is also performed. The obtained results prove the complexity of the material behaviour; therefore, a phenomenological model based on the modified Johnson–Cook approach is proposed. The developed model describes the material behaviour with much better accuracy than the classical constitutive function. The resulted experimental testing and its modelling present the potential of the discussed material and the manufacturing technology.
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Authors and Affiliations

Magda Stanczak
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Alexis Rusinek
2
ORCID: ORCID
Paula Broniszewska
3
ORCID: ORCID
Teresa Fras
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Pawłowski
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Protection Technologies, Security & Situational Awareness, French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis (ISL), 68301 Saint-Louis, France
  2. Laboratory of Microstructure Studies and Mechanics of Materials (LEM3), Lorraine University, 57070 Metz, France
  3. Institute of Fundamental Technological Research (IPPT PAN), Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

The non-linear analysis of hollow-core concrete slabs requires the use of advanced numerical techniques, proper constitutive models both for concrete and steel as well as particular computational skills. If prestressing, cracking, crack opening, material softening, etc. are also to be taken into account, then the computational task can far exceed the capabilities of an ordinary engineer. In order for the calculations to be carried out in a traditional design office, simplified calculation methods are needed. They should be based on the linear finite element (FE) method with a simple approach that takes into account material nonlinearities. In this paper the simplified analysis of hollow-core slabs based on the generalized nonlinear constitutive law is presented. In the proposed method a simple decomposition of the traditional iterative linear finite element analysis and the non-linear algebraic analysis of the plate cross-section is used. Through independent analysis of the plate cross-section in different deformation states, a degraded plate stiffness can be obtained, which allows for iterative update of displacements and rotations in the nodes of the FE model. Which in turn allows to update the deformation state and then correct translations and rotations in the nodes again. The results obtained from the full detailed 3D nonlinear FEM model and from the proposed approach are compared for different slab cross-sections. The obtained results from both models are consistent.
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Authors and Affiliations

Natalia Staszak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Garbowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Barbara Ksit
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań
  2. Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Building Engineering, Piotrowo 5, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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Abstract

The paper presents a modified finite element method for nonlinear analysis of 2D beam structures. To take into account the influence of the shear flexibility, a Timoshenko beam element was adopted. The algorithm proposed enables using complex material laws without the need of implementing advanced constitutive models in finite element routines. The method is easy to implement in commonly available CAE software for linear analysis of beam structures. It allows to extend the functionality of these programs with material nonlinearities. By using the structure deformations, computed from the nodal displacements, and the presented here generalized nonlinear constitutive law, it is possible to iteratively reduce the bending, tensile and shear stiffnesses of the structures. By applying a beam model with a multi layered cross-section and generalized stresses and strains to obtain a representative constitutive law, it is easy to model not only the complex multi-material cross-sections, but also the advanced nonlinear constitutive laws (e.g. material softening in tension). The proposed method was implemented in the MATLAB environment, its performance was shown on the several numerical examples. The cross-sections such us a steel I-beam and a steel I-beam with a concrete encasement for different slenderness ratios were considered here. To verify the accuracy of the computations, all results are compared with the ones received from a commercial CAE software. The comparison reveals a good correlation between the reference model and the method proposed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Damian Mrówczyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Gajewski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Garbowski
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Research and Development Division, FEMAT Sp. z o.o., Romana Maya 1, 61-371, Poznan, Poland
  2. Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Structural Analysis, Piotrowo 5, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
  3. Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznan, Poland

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