Cu-Sn alloys have been known as bronze since ancient times and widely used as electrode materials, ornaments, tableware and musical instruments. Cu-22Sn alloy fabrication by hot forging process is a Korean traditional forged high-tin bronze. The tin content is 22 percent, which is more than twice that of bronze ware traditionally used in China and the West. Copper and tin have a carbon solubility of several ppm at room temperature, making Cu-Sn-C alloys difficult to manufacture by conventional casting methods. Research on the production of carbon-added copper alloys has used a manufacturing method that is different from the conventional casting method. In this study, Cu-22Sn-xC alloy was fabricated by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. The carbon solubility was confirmed in Cu-Sn alloy through mechanical alloying. The lattice parameter increased from A0 to C2, and then decreased from C4. The microstructural characteristics of sintered alloys were determined using X-ray diffraction and microscopic analysis. As a result of comparing the hardness of Cu-22Sn alloys manufactured by conventional rolling, casting, and forging and Cu-22Sn-xC alloy by sintered powder metallugy, B0 sintered alloy was the highest at about 110.9 HRB.

Cu–4.7 wt. % Sn alloy wire with Ø10 mm was prepared by two-phase zone continuous casting technology, and the temperature field, heat

and fluid flow were investigated by the numerical simulated method. As the melting temperature, mold temperature, continuous casting

speed and cooling water temperature is 1200 °C, 1040 °C, 20 mm/min and 18 °C, respectively, the alloy temperature in the mold is in the

range of 720 °C–1081 °C, and the solid/liquid interface is in the mold. In the center of the mold, the heat flow direction is vertically

downward. At the upper wall of the mold, the heat flow direction is obliquely downward and deflects toward the mold, and at the lower

wall of the mold, the heat flow deflects toward the alloy. There is a complex circular flow in the mold. Liquid alloy flows downward along

the wall of the mold and flows upward in the center.

This work mainly focuses on the sintering behavior of the Cu-Sn alloy with the addition of Ag up to 4 wt% after pulsed electric current sintering (PECS) process for ultra-fast sintering. The microstructural evolution was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and density measurements. The mechanical properties were evaluated via measurements of transverse rupture strength (TRS) and Rockwell hardness. The mechanism during the sintering process has been discussed thoroughly, and the effect on porosity with the addition of the Ag is also correlated. The results showed that the growth of porosity progressed with the amount of Ag up to 2 wt%, and further addition of Ag leads reduction in porosity. The effect on mechanical properties were improved slowly as the amount of Ag increased.