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Abstract

The paper presented the wavelet transform method for de-noising and singularity detection to soil compressive stress signal. The study results show that the reconstruction signals by the wavelet de-noising keeps the low frequency component at [0, 31.25 Hz] of the original signal and improves the high frequency property at other frequency bands. The impaction time from the start time to resonance time of the stress signals is varies with the depth of the soil. With the increase of times of compaction, the impaction time of the stress is decreasing in every layer. But the speed of reaching compacted status in each layer is different.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zhang Qing-Zhe
Yan Bing
Dai Jing-Liang
Yang Bao-Gui
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Abstract

Noise pollution is a major problem nowadays. In urban context, road traffic is the main source of noise pollution. People directly exposed to road traffic noise suffer from moderate to severe annoyance, headache, stress, feeling of exhaustion, and reduced work performance efficiency. As the sources and severity of noise pollution continue to grow, new approaches are needed to reduce the exposure. In this research, noise abatement has been investigated using a computer simulation model (SoundPLAN essential 4.0). Noise maps were developed using SoundPLAN essential 4.0 software. Noise maps are very beneficial to identify the impact of noise pollution. Data required for mapping are noise data (LAeq), road inventory data, geometric features of mapping area, category wise traffic counts, category wise vehicle speed, meteorological data such as wind velocity, humidity, temperature, air pressure. LAeq observed on all locations of the Central zone of Surat city was greater than the prescribed central pollution control board (CPCB) limits during day time and night time. This paper is focused on using acoustic software for the simulation and calculation methods of controlling the traffic noise. According to the characteristics of traffic noise and the techniques of noise reduction, road traffic noise maps were developed using SoundPLAN essential 4.0 software to predict the scope of road traffic noise. On this basis, four reasonable noise control schemes were used to control noise, and the feasibility and application effect of these control schemes can be verified by using the method of simulation modelling. The simulation results show that LAeq is reduced by up to 5 dB(A). The excess noise can be efficiently reduced by using the corresponding noise reduction methods.
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Bibliography

1. Arana M.R.S., Nagore I., Pérez D. (2013), Main results of strategic noise maps and action plans in Navarre (Spain), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(6): 4951–4957, doi: 10.1007/s10661-012-2916-2.
2. Central Pollution Control Board (2000), Noise pollution regulation in India.
3. Cerdá S., Lacatis R., Gimenez A. (2013), On absorption and scattering coefficient effects in modellisation software, Acoustics Australia, 41(2): 151–155.
4. Golmohammadi R., Abbaspour M., Nassiri P., Mahjub H. (2007), Road traffic noise model, Journal of Research in Health Sciences, 7(1): 13–7, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23343866.
5. Jhanwar D. (2016), Noise pollution: a review, Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health, 4(3): 72– 77, doi: 10.12691/jephh-4-3-3.
6. Lavanya C., Dhankar R., Chhikara S. (2014), Noise Pollution: an Overview, International Journal of Current Research, 6(5): 6536–6543.
7. Manojkumar N., Basha K., Srimuruganandam B. (2019), Assessment, prediction and mapping of noise levels in Vellore City, India, Noise Mapping, 6(1): 38– 51, doi: 10.1515/noise-2019-0004
8. Oguntunde P.E., Okagbue H.I., Oguntunde O.A., Odetunmibi O.O. (2019), Public health in Ota Metropolis, Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(8): 1391, doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.234
9. Paszkowski W., Sobiech M. (2019), The modeling of the acoustic condition of urban environment using noise annoyance assessment, Environmental Modeling and Assessment, 24(3): 319–330, doi: 10.1007/s10666-018-9643-1.
10. Prajapati P., Devani A.N. (2017), Review paper on noise reduction using different techniques, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 4(3): 522–524, https://irjet.net/archives/V4/i3/IRJET-V4I3145.pdf.
11. Sonaviya D.R., Tandel B.N. (2019a), 2-D noise maps for tier-2 city urban Indian roads, Noise Mapping, 6(1): 1–7, doi: 10.1515/noise-2019-0001.
12. Sonaviya D.R., Tandel B.N. (2019b), A review on GIS based approach for road traffic noise mapping, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 12(14): 1–6, doi: 10.17485/ijst/2019/v12i14/132481.
13. Sonaviya D.R., Tandel B.N. (2020), Integrated road traffic noise mapping in urban Indian context, Noise Mapping, 7(1): 99–113, doi: 10.1515/noise-2020-0009.
14. Tandel B.N., Macwan J.E.M. (2017), Road traffic noise exposure and hearing impairment among traffic policemen in Surat, Western India, Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A, 98(1–2): 101–105, doi: 10.1007/s40030-017-0210-6.
15. Wolniewicz K., Zagubien A. (2015), Verifying traffic noise analysis calculation models, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 24(6): 2767–2772, doi: 10.15244/pjoes/58962.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dipeshkumar Ratilal Sonaviya
1
Bhaven N. Tandel
1

  1. Civil Engineering Department, SVNIT Surat, India
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Abstract

The paper presents results of the localization of main noise sources in the industrial plant. Identification of main noise sources was made with an acoustic camera using Beamforming Method. Parallel to the measurements by means of the acoustic camera, sound level measurements on the main noise sources have been performed. Based on the calculations, prediction regarding the noise emission at residential buildings located near to the plant has been determined. Acoustic noise maps have been performed with LEQ Professional software, which includes the 3D geometry of the buildings inside the plant. It has been established that, after introduction of noise reduction measures in the plant, the noise levels at the observation points in the residential area meets the limit values.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wiesław Fiebig
Damian Dąbrowski
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Abstract

The paper presents experimental research carried out to determine the possible actions to reduce the noise generated by trams in a highly urbanised area. A few design strategies affecting tram ride quality have been presented – especially in the aspect of the acoustic phenomena. Main sources of the noise in trams were characterised. The paper includes selected results of comprehensive studies of tram noise in the pass-by test based on the authors’ research methodology. The tests were carried out on various types of trams to recognise the acoustic phenomena characteristic for the rolling stock in a selected tram system. The results of the measurements were analysed both in the field of amplitudes based on noise maps and in respect to frequencies based on noise spectra. The results indicated the rolling noise as important issue demanding taking some actions in order to reduce its level. In this area, elements for the application of individual attenuation solutions, i.e. at the source and during propagation, were presented. The results of the measurements were used as input data to the assumptions of the noise attenuation passive system, which was the final outcome of the study. Dedicated external dampers were used in the case of wheel and rail pairs, where the dominant power of the noise is emitted. The acoustic properties of the bogie area and the bogie side covers were redeveloped to hamper the noise propagation, which is a novel application. The presented results indicate measurable benefits from the applied solutions on the tram noise reduction.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Nowakowski
Bartosz Firlik
Tomasz Staśkiewicz
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Abstract

Noise mapping is based on long-term noise indicators, such as L N or L DEN. On the other hand, transportation intensity changes during a day (road traffic peak hours) or a year (more flights during holidays) and this variability is not reflected in single sound level values. We wanted to find out whether not only sound level but also the number of noise events is the factor influencing noise annoyance assessment. Ambisonic recordings of real traffic in a city were used. Road, tramway, and aircraft traffic were investigated and two factors were manipulated: the equivalent sound level value and the number of noise events. All stimuli were presented in an anechoic chamber. The results showed that sound level is always a statistically significant parameter while the number of events has an impact only for tramways and airplanes. Moreover, the difference is observed only between one or more subgroups, no matter what the sound level value was. For road traffic this relation was not found to be statistically significant. It was also shown that the existence of tramway bonus or airplane malus is linked with the number of noise events.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Felcyn
1
ORCID: ORCID
Patrycja Ptak
1

  1. Department of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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Abstract

This paper presents a video encoding method in which noise is encoded using a novel parametric model representing spectral envelope and spatial distribution of energy. The proposed method has been experimentally assessed using video test sequences in a practical setup consisting of a simple, real-time noise reduction technique and High Efficiency Video Codec (HEVC). The attained results show that the use of the proposed parametric modelling of noise can improve the subjective quality of reconstructed video by approximately 1.8 Mean Opinion Scope (MOS) points (in 11-point scale) related to the classical video coding. Moreover, the present work confirms results attained in the previous works that the usage of even sole noise reduction prior to the encoding provides quality increase.

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Authors and Affiliations

O. Stankiewicz
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Abstract

The paper discusses the characteristics of spatial electromagnetic noise generators, as well as the formation of a broadband noise signal. A number of well-known methods for assessing the quality of masking noise interference and the approaches used in them have been described. Approaches to the measurement of masking noise were also determined in assessing their quality. In conclusion, additional methods are proposed for assessing the quality of masking noises, such as searching for correlation of noise in different frequency sub-bands and using statistical and (or) graphical methods (tests) for randomness.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nurzhigit Smailov
1
Askhat Batyrgaliyev
1
Ainur Akhmediyarova
2
Nurgul Seilova
1
Madina Koshkinbayeva
3
Moldir Baigulbayeva
4
Ryszard Romaniuk
5
Maxat Orunbekov
6
Kabdoldina Assem
4
Andrzej Kotyra
7

  1. Satpayev University, 050000 Almaty, Kazakhstan
  2. Institute of Information and Computational Technology, 050010 Almaty, Kazakhstan
  3. Miras University, 160012 Shymkent, Kazakhstan
  4. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
  5. Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
  6. Kazakh Academy of Transport and Communications named after M.Tynyshpayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  7. Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

The noise perceiving issue is very subjective and depends on several factors, such as: the living environment in which each person has grown and developed, the education they have received, the culture in which their life principles have formed and, last but not least, the social and financial status. Therefore, in order to establish effective actions in multiple directions when it comes to any urban noise analysis, it is very important to know the perception and the subjective reactions of the individuals involved. The paper respects this idea, presenting the results of a sociological study on urban noise, applied in the city of Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The intention was to capture the reactions of the permanent residents of the city, but also of the people in transit, as well as to analyse the changes that occurred as result of the implementation of the Environmental Noise Directive (European Commission). The study shows that 75.2% of the respondents consider that the noise in the city has increased in the last ten years and 58% of them have rated the noise as level 4 or 5 on a five point scale. Information related to noise maps and actions taken to reduce community noise has no sufficient dissemination. There is also a medium to low reaction of the population in correlation to the declared noise annoyance.

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Authors and Affiliations

Diana Ioana Popescu
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Abstract

The existing traffic noise prediction models in road intersections relate mainly to the typical solutions of intersection geometry and traffic organisation. There are no models for large and more complex intersections such as signalised roundabouts. This paper presents the results of studies on the development of a traffic noise prediction model for this type of intersection. The model was developed using a multiple regression method based on the results of field measurements of traffic parameters and noise levels in the vicinity of signalised roundabouts in Poland. The obtained model consists of two groups of variables affecting noise levels at the intersection. The first group determines in detail the influence of traffic and geometry of the closest entry. The second group shows the influence of more distant noise sources (traffic at the three remaining entries of the intersection) and the influence of the dimensions of the entire intersection. The developed model was verified through additional field measurements, as well as compared to the results of two methods of traffic noise prediction: the French ‘NMPB-Routes-2008’ and the German ‘RLS-90’. The obtained results confirmed a higher accuracy of calculations performed using the developed model in the range of: −1.2 dB ÷ +1.0 dB, while the ‘NMPB-Routes-2008’ and ‘RLS-90’ calculate precision were respectively: −2.8 dB ÷ +1.3 dB, and +0.8 dB ÷ +5.2 dB. Therefore, the developed model allows for a more accurate prediction of noise levels in the vicinity of signalised roundabouts in a flat terrain without buildings and noise barriers.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Motylewicz
W. Gardziejczyk
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Abstract

This research deals with the development of an optimization system to minimize employee noise exposure in the work environment. It is known from the literature that continuous exposure to high noise levels can cause heart overload, stress, fatigue, and increase accident numbers at a production line. Thus, it is necessary to develop acoustic solutions at an industrial level that could minimize failures and accident occurrences. The rules that regulate occupational noise exposures allow an assessment of the degrees of exposure and subsequent corrections of working conditions. It is observed that the exposure is necessary for further evaluation and correction. Therefore, this research proposes to simulate occupational noise exposure conditions through mathematical models implemented in C++, using the GUROBI linear optimization package and to act previously to minimize ONIHL (Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss). One of this work results is based on Doses Values, TWA (Time Weighted Average) and Distances Covered, using these three factors simultaneously through the optimization, it obtains a route that minimizes exposure and avoids ONIHL. Although there is a need for balanced doses between employees, to this end, the Designation Problem was implemented. Thus, with the routes obtained by optimization, an efficient allocation task was made for the maintenance crew, resulting in minimized and balanced doses. This model was applied to a real industrial plant that will not be identified, only methodology and results obtained will be presented.
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Authors and Affiliations

Déborah Reis
1
João Miranda
1
Jorge Reis
1
Marcus Duarte
1

  1. Department of Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UFU Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Abstract

The Environmental Noise Directive (END), published in 2002, was transposed into Romanian local law in 2005, and it was the starting point for the first urban noise mapping exercises, initially conducted in nine Romanian cities. This paper presents the main evolutionary aspects of the noise assessment process, the development of strategic noise maps, and action plans, dealing with both the legislative side and the practical approach and results obtained. The study considers the specific regulations established by the European Commission regarding environmental noise assessment and deals with the global context at the country level, in which they have been implemented and applied.
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Authors and Affiliations

Diana Ioana Popescu
1

  1. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Abstract

DIFAR type underwater passive systems are one of the more commonly used tools for detecting submarines. At the design stage, which usually uses computer simulations, it is necessary to generate acoustic noise of the sea. It has been shown that correlating noise significantly reduces these errors compared to the assumption that noise is uncorrelated. In addition, bearing errors have been shown to be the same in systems with a commonly used antenna containing five hydrophones, as in a system without a central hydrophone, which may be useful in some DIFAR system design solutions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mariusz Rudnicki
Jacek Marszal
Roman Salamon
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Abstract

The aim of the study study was to model, with the use of a neural network algorithm, the significance of a variety of factors influencing the development of hearing loss among industry workers. The workers were categorized into three groups, according to the A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level of noise exposure: Group 1 (LAeq < 70 dB), Group 2 (LAeq 70–80 dB), and Group 3 (LAeq > 85 dB). The results obtained for Group 1 indicate that the hearing thresholds at the frequencies of 8 kHz and 1 kHz had the maximum effect on the development of hearing loss. In Group 2, the factors with maximum weight were the hearing threshold at 4 kHz and the worker’s age. In Group 3, maximum weight was found for the factors of hearing threshold at a frequency of 4 kHz and duration of work experience. The article also reports the results of hearing loss modeling on combined data from the three groups. The study shows that neural data mining classification algorithms can be an effective tool for the identification of hearing hazards and greatly help in designing and conducting hearing conservation programs in the industry.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sajad Zare
Mohammad Reza Ghotbiravandi
Hossein Elahishirvan
Mostafa Ghazizadeh Ahsaeed
Mina Rostami
Reza Esmaeili
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Abstract

M-estimators are widely used in active noise control (ANC) systems in order to update the adaptive FIR filter taps. ANC systems reduce the noise level by generating anti-noise signals. Up to now, the evaluation of M-estimators capabilities has shown that there exists a need for further improvements in this area. In this paper, a new improved M-estimator is proposed. The sensitivity of the proposed algorithm to the variations of its constant parameter is checked in feedforward control. The effectiveness of the algorithm in both types is proved by comparing it with previous studies. Simulation results show the steady performance and fast initial convergence of the proposed algorithm.
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Bibliography

1. Akhtar M.T., Mitsuhashi W. (2010), A modified normalized FxLMS algorithm for active control of impulsive noise, Proceedings of 18th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), IEEE, pp. 1–5, Aalborg.
2. Ang L.Y.L., Koh Y.K., Lee H.P. (2017), The performance of active noise-canceling headphones in different noise environments, Applied Acoustics, 122: 16– 22, doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2017.02.005.
3. Behera S. K., Das D.P., Subudhi B. (2017), Adaptive nonlinear active noise control algorithm for active headrest with moving error microphones, Applied Acoustics, 123: 9–19, doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2017.03.002.
4. Darvish M., Frank S., Paschereit C.O. (2015), Numerical and experimental study on the tonal noise generation of a radial fan, Journal of Turbomachinery, 137(10): 101005, doi: 10.1115/1.4030498.
5. Elliott S. (2001), Signal Processing for Active Control, Academic Press, Elsevier.
6. Ertas H., Kaçıranlar S., Güler H. (2017), Robust Liu-type estimator for regression based on M-estimator, Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, 46(5): 3907–3932, doi: 10.1080/03610918.2015.1045077.
7. Khan W.U., Ye Z., Altaf F., Chaudhary N.I., Raja M.A.Z. (2019), A novel application of fireworks heuristic paradigms for reliable treatment of nonlinear active noise control, Applied Acoustics, 146: 246–260, doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2018.11.024.
8. Kuo S.M., Morgan D.R. (1999), Active noise control: a tutorial review, Proceedings of the IEEE, 87(6): 943–973, doi: 10.1109/5.763310.
9. Lee J.W., Lee J.C., Pandey J., Ahn S.H., Kang Y.J. (2010), Mechanical properties and sound insulation effect of ABS/carbon-black composites, Journal of Composite Materials, 44(14): 1701–1716, doi: 10.1177/0021998309357673
10. Li J., Chen W. (2018), Singular boundary method based on time-dependent fundamental solutions for active noise control, Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations, 34(4): 1401–1421, doi: 10.1002/num.22263.
11. Lu L., Zhao H. (2017), Active impulsive noise control using maximum correntropy with adaptive kernel size, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 87(part A) 180–191, doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2016.10.020.
12. Nelson P.A., Elliott S.J. (1991), Active Control of Sound, Academic Press, Elsevier. 13. Nunez I.J., Miranda J.G., Duarte M.V. (2019), Active noise control in acoustic shutters, Applied Acoustics, 152: 41–46, doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2019.03.024.
14. Patel V., George N.V. (2015), Nonlinear active noise control using spline adaptive filters, Applied Acoustics, 93: 38–43, doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2015.01.009.
15. Paul L. (1934), Process of silencing sound oscillations, Google patents. 16. Sabet S.M., Keshavarz R., Ohadi A. (2018), Sound isolation properties of polycarbonate/clay and polycarbonate/silica nanocomposites, Iranian Polymer Journal, 27(1): 57–66, doi: 10.1007/s13726-017-0585-2.
17. Sabzevari S.A.H., Moavenian M. (2017), Application of reinforcement learning for active noise control, Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, 25(4): 2606–2613.
18. Sen K.M., Morgan D.R. (1996), Active Noise Control Systems: Algorithms and DSP Implementations, John Wiley and Sons.
19. Suhail M., Chand S., Kibria B.G. (2019), Quantile-based robust ridge m-estimator for linear regression model in presence of multicollinearity and outliers, Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, 1–13, doi: 10.1080/03610918.2019.1621339.
20. Sun G., Li M., Lim T.C. (2015), Enhanced filteredx least mean M-estimate algorithm for active impulsive noise control, Applied Acoustics, 90: 31–41, doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2014.10.012.
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24. Wu L., Qiu X. (2013), An M-estimator based algorithm for active impulse-like noise control, Applied Acoustics, 74(3: 407–412, doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2012.06.019.
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Authors and Affiliations

Seyed Amir Hoseini Sabzevari
1
Seyed Iman Hoseini Sabzevari
2

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Gonabad, Gonabad, 9691957678, Iran
  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran
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Abstract

Noise is one of the most significant factors which not only disturbs working conditions, but has a large impact on workers’ health. This problem has existed in industries since the beginning and, despite technical and other solutions, it has not been solved. There is a large number of papers, supported with very detailed analyses, that investigate noise levels in industry or contain questionnaires about the impact of noise on workers’ overall health and work abilities. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the global picture of sustainability and the development of strategies for improving the quality of working environment, with special attention to the generation of noise in different production processes in thirteen different industries in Novi Sad, Serbia. The paper also seeks to examine the advantages and drawbacks of the implemented protective methods and to provide some recommendations for their better implementation in order to contribute to solving this significant problem of today.

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Authors and Affiliations

Uranija Kozmidis Luburić
Selena Dušan Samardžić
Robert Lakatoš
Aleksandra Mihailović
Milka Veselinović
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Abstract

Numerous European countries experience a steady increase in the share of electric (EV) and hybrid electric (HEV) vehicles in the traffic stream. These vehicles, often referred to as low- or zero-emission vehicles, significantly reduce air pollution in the road environment. They also have a positive effect on noise levels in city centers and in the surroundings of low-speed roads. Nevertheless, issues related to modeling noise from electric and hybrid vehicles in the outdoor environment are still not fully explored, especially in the rural road settings. The article attempts to assess the degree of noise reduction around these roads based on different percentages of EVs in the traffic stream. Input data for noise modeling was obtained from 133 sections of homogeneous rural roads in Poland. Based on their analysis, it was first determined on how many of these road sections electric-vehicle-induced noise reduction would be possible, taking into account the traffic speeds occurring on them. Next, a computational algorithm that can be used to calculate noise reduction in the CNOSSOS-EU model is presented, and noise modeling is performed based on it for different percentages of electric vehicles in the traffic stream.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Hałucha
1
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Bohatkiewicz
2
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Mioduszewski
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. EKKOM Sp. z o.o., ul. dr Józefa Babinskiego 71B, 30-394 Cracow, Poland
  2. Tadeusz Kosciuszko Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
  3. Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, ul. Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract

Traffic noise in big cities impacts the people who live and work in high-rise buildings alongside arterial roads. To determine this impact magnitude, this paper proposes and validates a microscopic level method that locally predicts the total noise level and the spectral characteristics of traffic flow in the near-road region. In the proposed method, the vehicles on the road are considered as multiple queues of moving point sound sources with ground reflection considered. To account for the flow of vehicles on the road, traffic field data, and individual vehicle noise source models are also employed. A field measurement is conducted to validate the proposed method. Results comparison shows that the predicted and the measured overall A-weighted sound pressure level and A-weighted noise spectra are within 3 dBA and 5 dBA, respectively. Based on the validated method, the spatial distribution of traffic noise near the arterial road is investigated for different traffic scenarios.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ming Li
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jizhou Liu
2

  1. School of Transportation Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University Jinan, China
  2. School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University Jinan, China
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Abstract

The design of neonatal intensive care units (NICU) influences both patient safety and clinical outcomes as well as the acoustic conditions. In NICU exposure to sound pressure levels above the recommended can affect both neonates and healthcare staff.
This study aimed to evaluate the sound pressure levels and to assess noise perception of professionals in a NICU before and after structural modifications and layout redesign.
The measurements were performed with a sound level meter. A questionnaire was given to staff before and after the intervention. The opinion of healthcare staff regarding noise in NICU was better after the intervention, when compared with the responses previously given.
The results showed that noise levels were excessive in the NICU (before and after), exceeding the international recommendations, with the levels ranging between 46.6 dBA to 57.8 dBA before and 52.0 dBA to 54.0 dBA after intervention. Overall, there is a need for more research in order to verify the effectiveness of some actions and strategies to reduce the impact of noise in NICU.
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Bibliography

1. Ahamed M.F., Campbell D., Horan S., Rosen O. (2017), Noise reduction in the neonatal intensive care unit: a quality improvement initiative, American Journal of Medical Quality, 33(2): 177–184, doi: 10.1177/1062860617711563.
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3. Basner M. et al. (2014), Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health, The Lancet, 383(9925): 1325– 1332, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61613-X.
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5. Carvalhais C., da Silva M.V., Xavier A., Santos J. (2019), Good practices to reduce noise levels in the neonatal intensive care unit, [in:] Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, P.M. Arezes et al. [Eds], Vol. 202, pp. 297–302, Springer, Cham, doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-14730-3_32.
6. Carvalhais C., Santos J., Vieira da Silva M., Xavier A. (2015), Is there sufficient training of healthcare staff on noise reduction in neonatal intensive care units? A pilot study from NeoNoise Project, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 78(13– 14): 897–903, doi: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1051204.
7. Carvalhais C., Silva M., Xavier A., Santos J. (2017), Newborns safety at neonatal intensive care units: are they exposed to excessive noise during routine health care procedures?, Global Environment Health and Safety, 1(1): 1–3.
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Authors and Affiliations

Carlos Carvalhais
1 2
Célia Rodrigues
3
Ana Xavier
1
Manuela V. Silva
1
Joana Santos
1 4 5

  1. Scientific Area of Environmental Health, Health and Environment Research Center (CISA), School of Health of Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESS P.Porto), Porto, Portugal
  2. Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  3. PROA/LABIOMEP, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
  4. Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Associated Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aeronautics (INEGI/LAETA), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
  5. Center for Rehabilitation Research (CIR), School of Health of Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESS P.Porto), Porto, Portugal
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Abstract

The above-presented methodology for spatial classification of roads in relation to their acoustic annoyance can be used in preparing acoustic maps of towns. The classification of roads with the view of the level of acoustic hazard enables, just in the initial phase of acoustic map preparation, to identify the areas potentially endangered with excessive noise. These areas need taking immediate corrective actions, aimed at reducing the noise level. An important problem, when analyzing the propagation of noise in a highly urbanized area, is the selection of locations in which the measurements of emission of the noise source are performed with the aim to determine its acoustic parameters for calibration of the assumed methodology. Solving this problem makes it possible to use uniform methods of computation. The development of the proposed method and supplementing the layers with next ones, containing information about the range of influence of vibration generated by roadway transport routes, or information on the effects of mining on the roads and building structures, using the proposed methodology, will enable to make an unambiguous categorization of transport routes in the aspect of their vibro-acoustic impact on the environment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Kompała
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Abstract

In the current study, investigations are made to control the MB truck cabin interior noise by reducing noise in the transmission path. The main sources of cabin noise include the engine, exhaust system, air inlet system, driveline system, and tyres (especially at higher speeds). Furthermore, vibrations of the body and interior parts of the truck may significantly impact the overall in-cabin sound level. Noise is transmitted into the cabin via air (airborne noise) and cabin structure (structure-borne noise). In the noise treatment phase, noise transmission paths are considered. A viscoelastic layer damping material is used to reduce the vibration amplitude of the cabin back wall. The overall loss factor and vibration amplitude reduction ratio for the structure treated is calculated. Computational results are then compared with the values obtained by the experimental modal analysis results. Choosing the suitable material and thickness can significantly reduce the vibration amplitude. A sound barrier, silicon adhesive, and foam are also utilised for noise control in the transmission path. The effectiveness of the mentioned acoustic materials on cabin noise reduction is evaluated experimentally. The experimental SPL values are reported in the frequency range of 20 Hz–20 kHz based on a 1/3 octave filter. The experimental results show that using acoustics materials reduces the overall in-cabin sound level for a wide range of frequencies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nader Mohammadi
1

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Parand Branch, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract

Noise exposure is one of the most important physical agents in the workplace which can induce job stress in several ways. The aim of this study was to model the interactions between independent and mediating variables and job stress using structural equation modeling. In this study, Weinstein’s noise sensitivity scale, noise annoyance questionnaire, Health and Safety Executive (HSE) job stress questionnaire and job satisfaction scale were used. To assess worker’s noise exposure, the 8-hours equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level (LAeq;8 h), was measured based on ISO 9612 (2009). To achieve the aims of study, the structural equation model was run using R software 3.4.1 and Cytoscape software 3.6.0. Based on the results, while there was a direct positive correlation of noise exposure on total job stress, there were also indirect positive effects through job satisfaction and noise sensitivity as mediator variables. Using hearing protective devices negatively affected total job stress through a direct pathway and an indirect pathway when job satisfaction was a mediator variable. Regarding the total effect of noise exposure and using hearing protection devices on job stress subscales, it can be concluded that noise exposure and using hearing protection devices had greatest effect on colleagues support and demand, respectively. It can be concluded that noise exposure and lack of hearing protective devices have a significant positive effect on job stress among workers of a textile industry. In addition to the direct effect, this factor can induce job stress through noise sensitivity, job satisfaction and noise annoyance. Therefore, measures which can decrease any of the mentioned factors, also can alleviate job stress.

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Authors and Affiliations

Milad Abbasi
Saeid Yazdanirad
Ahmad Mehri
Rohollah Fallah Madvari
Ahad Alizadeh
Maryam Ghaljahi
Mohsen Falahati
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Abstract

Noise is unwanted sound judged to be unpleasant, loud or disruptive to hearing. Like air pollution, noise pollution is one of the serious matters of concern in urban areas. Noise pollution occurs when noise level exceeds certain limit and has deleterious effects on human health and wellness. The major sources of noise pollution are industries, road traffic, railways, airplane traffic and social celebrations. The traffic noise is notably high in cities due to higher density of population, frequent movement of people, good transport system coupled with increasing numbers of vehicles (on road). In this work, the assessments of traffic noise in Sambalpur city is presented. Twelve important locations were chosen for the assessment. Noise contours were drawn to visualize the spreading of traffic noise into its surroundings. At the same time, the effect of noise pollution on wellness of the exposed people was studied. The study shows that the traffic noise level and its effects, are both in an alarming stage in the city.
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Authors and Affiliations

Alekh Kumar Sahu
1
Satish Kumar Nayak
2
Chitta Ranjan Mohanty
3
Prasant Kumar Pradhan
1

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, India
  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, India
  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Parala Maharaja Engineering College, Berhampur, India
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Abstract

The present study aimed to determine the role of job components and individual parameters on the raised blood pressure among male workers of textile industry who were exposed to continuous high noise level. Information of all eligible subjects including demographic and individual characteristics, medical history and job characteristics were obtained by direct interview and referring to the medical records. All blood pressure measurements were done using mercury sphygmomanometer in the morning before work. The 8-hours equivalent A-weighted sound pressure level, the level of blood cholesterol and triglyceride, and noise annoyance was determined for each worker. As the result of weighted regression in path analysis (direct effect), only the work shift did not have a significant effect on blood pressure among the studied variables. It can be seen that variables including the level of triglyceride, cholesterol, and noise exposure have the most direct effects on blood pressure. The results of total effects showed that variables, including using the hearing protection device, age, work experience and visibility of sound source, did not have a significant effect on blood pressure. The results of this study indicate that occupational noise exposure alone and combined with other job components and individual parameters is associated with raised blood pressure. However, noise exposure was probably a stronger stressor for increased blood pressure.

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Authors and Affiliations

Milad Abbasi
Somayeh Farhang-Dehghan
Saeid Yazdanirad
Ahmad Mehri
Malihe Kolahdouzi
Rohollah Fallah Madvari
Arash Akbarzadeh
Maryam Ghaljahi
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Abstract

The paper presents a low noise voltage FET amplifier for low frequency noise measurements. It was built using two stages of an op amp transimpedance amplifier. To reduce voltage noise, eight-paralleled low noise discrete JFETs were used in the first stage. The designed amplifier was then compared to commercial ones. Its measured value of voltage noise spectral density is around 24 nV/√ Hz, 3 nV/√ Hz, 0.95 nV/√Hz and 0.6 nV/√ Hz at the frequency of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 Hz, respectively. A −3 dB frequency response is from ∼ 20 mHz to ∼ 600 kHz.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Achtenberg
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Mikołajczyk
ORCID: ORCID
Zbigniew Bielecki
ORCID: ORCID

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