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Abstract

This article reflects on the results the use and eff ectiveness of design coding as urban design / development tool, focusing on the roles of and the relationships between the different actors playing parts in the in the design coding process: the administration, the investors, the designers, the politics and the community. It reveals the gap in professional circles that impacts the development process, which, deepened by the continuous battle between the creative, the market-driven and the regulatory modes praxis. The article is polemical in that it points to the three main parties of this collective process, referring to is as the creative, market and regulatory tyranny. The author proposes that design coding, if used correctly, could be an effective tool regulating the essentials of urbanism, leaving room for creativity and enhanced market value. Design coding as such results in improvement of the quality of both urbans space and housing architecture.

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Authors and Affiliations

Matthew Carmona
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Abstract

In the present paper, an analysis uf lower bound estimation of the load carrying capacity of structures with intermediate stiffeners is undertaken. Thin-walled structures with intermediate stiffeners in the elastic range, being under axial compression and a bending moment, are examined on the basis of the Byskov and Hutchinson's method [4] and the co-operation between all the walls of the considered structures is shown. The structures are assumed to be simply supported at the ends. The study is based on the numerical method 01· the transition matrix using Godunov's orthogonalization [2]. Instead of the finite strip method, the exact transition matrix method is used in this case. In the presented method for lower bound estimation uf the load carrying capacity of structures, it is postulated that the reduced local critical load should be determined taking into account the global pre-critical bending within the first order non-linear approximation to the theory of the interactive buckling of the structure. The results are compared to those obtained from the design code and the data reported by other authors. The present paper is a continuation of papers [9], [ 11], [ 19], where the interactive buckling of thin-walled beam-columns with central intermediate stiffeners in the first and the second order approximation was considered. The most important advantage of this method is that it enables us to describe a complete range of behaviour ot· thin-walled structures from all global (flexural. flexural-torsional, lateral, distortional and their combinations) to local stability. In the solution obtained, the effects of interaction of modes, the transformation of buckling modes with an increase in load, the shear lag phenomenon and also the effect of cross-sectional distortions arc included.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Teter
Zbigniew Kolakowski

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