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Abstract

The paper presents a method of eliminating the tonal component of an acoustic signal. The tonal component is approximated by a sinusoidal signal of a given amplitude and frequency. As the parameters of this component: amplitude, frequency and initial phase may be variable, it is important to detect these parameters in subsequent analysis time intervals (frames). If the detection of the parameters is correct, the elimination consists in adding a sinusoidal component with the detected amplitude and frequency to the signal, but the phase shifted by 180 degrees. The accuracy of the reduction depends on the accuracy of parameters detection and their changes.
Detection takes place using the Discrete Fourier Transform, whose length is changed to match the spectrum resolution to the signal frequency. The operation for various methods of synthesis of the compensating signal as well as various window functions were checked. An elimination simulation was performed to analyze the effectiveness of the reduction. The result of the paper is the assessment of the method in narrowband active noise control systems. The method was tested by simulation and then experimentally with real acoustic signals. The level of reduction was from 6.9 to 31.5 dB.

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Bibliography

1. Dabrowski Z., Stankiewicz B. (2013), Methodology of selecting the reference source for an active noise control system in a car, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 19(1): 117–125, doi: 10.1080/10803548.2013.11076971.
2. Dabrowski Z., Dziurdz J., Górnicka D. (2017), Utilisation of the coherence analysis in acoustic diagnostics of internal combustion engines, Archives of Acoustics, 42(3): 475–481, doi: 10.1515/aoa-2017-0050.
3. Górski P., Morzynski L. (2013), Active noise reduction algorithm based on NOTCH filter and genetic algorithm, Archives of Acoustics, 38(2): 185–190, doi: 10.2478/aoa-2013-0021.
4. ISO 1996-2:2017 (2017), Acoustics – Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise – Part 2: Determination of sound pressure levels, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
5. Kuo S.M., Tahernezhadi M., Ji L. (1997), Frequency- domain periodic active noise control and equalization, IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, 5(4): 348–358, doi: 10.1109/89.593309.
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7. Łuczynski M. (2017), Analysis of the influence of amplitude, frequency and phase errors on effectiveness of noise reduction of multitone signals by active noise cancelling systems, [in:] Postepy akustyki =Advances in Acoustics 2017, Bismor D. [Ed.], pp. 61– 67, Gliwice: Polskie Towarzystwo Akustyczne, Oddział Górnoslaski, doi: 10.1515/aoa-2017-0059.
8. Łuczynski M. (2018), Normal to whisper speech conversion using active tone cancellation – case study, [in:] Postepy akustyki =Advances in acoustics 2018, Marszal J. [Ed.], pp. 62–66, Gdansk: Polskie Towarzystwo Akustyczne, Oddział Gdanski.
9. Łuczynski M. (2019a), Classes of tonality of signals in the aspect of active elimination of tonal components, Vibrations in Physical Systems, 30(1): Article ID 2019126.
10. Łuczynski M. (2019b), Primary study on removing mains hum from recordings by active tone cancellation algorithms, [in:] 146th Convention Audio Engineering Society, March 20–23, 2019 Dublin, Ireland, Convention paper No. 10147, http://www.aes.org/elib/ browse.cfm?elib=20280.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Łuczyński
1
Andrzej Dobrucki
1
Stefan Brachmański
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Chair of Acoustics and Multimedia, Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract

Power systems that are highly loaded, especially by a stochastic supply of renewables and the presence of storages, require dynamic measurements for their optimal control. Phasor measurement units (PMUs) can be used to capture electrical parameters of a power system. Standards on the PMU dynamic performance have been modified to incorporate their new dynamic mode of operation. This paper examines the PMU dynamic performance and proposes essential algorithms for measurement accuracy verification. Measurements of dynamic input signals, which vary in amplitude or frequency, were taken during automated tests of two PMUs. The test results are presented and expounded with further recommendation for the performance requirements. This paper also presents and examines applied testing procedures with relevance to the specifications of the IEEE Standard for Synchrophasor C37.118.1™-2011 and its amendment C37.118.1a™-2014.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bartłomiej Arendarski
Steffen Rabe
Wolfram Heineken
Przemysław Komarnicki
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Abstract

This paper describes a three phase shunt active power filter with selective harmonics elimination. The control algorithm is based on a digital filter bank. The moving Discrete Fourier Transformation is used as an analysis filter bank. The correctness of the algorithm has been verified by simulation and experimental research. The paper includes exemplary results of current waveforms and their spectra from a three phase active power filter.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Sozański
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Abstract

Modern production technology requires new ways of surface examination and a special kind of surface profile parameters. Industrial quality inspection needs to be fast, reliable and inexpensive. In this paper it is shown how stochastic surface examination and its proper parameters could be a solution for many industrial problems not necessarily related with smoothing out a manufactured surface. Burnishing is a modern technology widely used in aircraft and automotive industries to the products as well as to process tools. It gives to the machined surface high smoothness, and good fatigue and wear resistance. Every burnished material behaves in a different manner. Process conditions strongly influence the final properties of any specific product. Optimum burnishing conditions should be preserved for any manufactured product. In this paper we deal with samples made of conventional tool steel – Sverker 21 (X153CrMoV12) and powder metallurgy (P/M) tool steel – Vanadis 6. Complete investigations of product properties are impossible to perform (because of constraints related to their cost, time, or lack of suitable equipment). Looking for a global, all-embracing quality indicator it was found that the correlation function and the frequency analysis of burnished surface give useful information for controlling the manufacturing process and evaluating the product quality. We propose three new indicators of burnishing surface quality. Their properties and usefulness are verified with the laboratory measurement of material samples made of the two mentioned kinds of tool steel.
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Authors and Affiliations

Daniel Toboła
Piotr Rusek
Kazimierz Czechowski
Tatiana Miller
Krzysztof Duda
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Abstract

This paper deals with the amplitude estimation in the frequency domain of low-level sine waves, i.e. sine waves spanning a small number of quantization steps of an analog-to-digital converter. This is a quite common condition for high-speed low-resolution converters. A digitized sine wave is transformed into the frequency domain through the discrete Fourier transform. The error in the amplitude estimate is treated as a random variable since the offset and the phase of the sine wave are usually unknown. Therefore, the estimate is characterized by its standard deviation. The proposed model evaluates properly such a standard deviation by treating the quantization with a Fourier series approach. On the other hand, it is shown that the conventional noise model of quantization would lead to a large underestimation of the error standard deviation. The effects of measurement parameters, such as the number of samples and a kind of the time window, are also investigated. Finally, a threshold for the additive noise is provided as the boundary for validity of the two quantization models
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Authors and Affiliations

Diego Bellan
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Abstract

It is well known that the magnitudes of the coefficients of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) are invariant under certain operations on the input data. In this paper, the effects of rearranging the elements of an input data on its DFT are studied. In the one-dimensional case, the effects of permuting the elements of a finite sequence of length N on its discrete Fourier transform (DFT) coefficients are investigated. The permutations that leave the unordered collection of Fourier coefficients and their magnitudes invariant are completely characterized. Conditions under which two different permutations give the same DFT coefficient magnitudes are given. The characterizations are based on the automorphism group of the additive group ZN of integers modulo N and the group of translations of ZN. As an application of the results presented, a generalization of the theorem characterizing all permutations that commute with the discrete Fourier transform is given. Numerical examples illustrate the obtained results. Possible generalizations and open problems are discussed. In higher dimensions, results on the effects of certain geometric transformations of an input data array on its DFT are given and illustrated with an example.

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Authors and Affiliations

S. Hui
S.H. Żak
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Abstract

Time invariant linear operators are the building blocks of signal processing. Weighted circular convolution and signal processing framework in a generalized Fourier domain are introduced by Jorge Martinez. In this paper, we prove that under this new signal processing framework, weighted circular convolution also has a generalized time invariant property. We also give an application of this property to algorithm of continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Specifically, we have previously studied the algorithm of CWT based on generalized Fourier transform with parameter 1. In this paper, we prove that the parameter can take any complex number. Numerical experiments are presented to further demonstrate our analyses.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Hua Yi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yu-Le Ru
1
Yin-Yun Dai
1

  1. School of Mathematics and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, 343009, P.R. China
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Abstract

In this paper the analysis of backlash influence on the spectrum of torque at the output shaft of a cycloidal gearbox has been performed. The model of the single stage cycloidal gearbox was designed in the MSC Adams. The analysis for the excitation with the torque and the analysis with constant angular velocity of the input shaft were performed. For these analyses, the amplitude spectrums of the output torque for different backlashes was solved using FFT algorithm. The amplitude spectrums of the combined sine functions composed of the impact to impact times between the cycloidal wheel and the external sleeves were computed for verification. The performed studies show, that the backlash has significant influence on the output torque amplitude spectrum. Unfortunately the dependencies between the components of the spectrum and the backlash could not be expressed by linear equations, when vibrations of the output torque in the range of (350 Hz – 600 Hz) are considered. The gradual dependence can be found in the spectrum determined for the combined sine functions with half-periods equal impact-to-impact times. The spectrum is narrower for high values of backlash.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Roman Król
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Poland
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Abstract

The aim of this work is to study the influence of closed loop control on diagnostic indices of both broken bar and mixed air-gap eccentricity fault indices of the squirrel cage induction motor drive. The present work is focused on the direct stator current isd signal analysis, which is independent of torque load when the induction motor is controlled by an indirect control field. The fault signatures are on the line extracted from the direct stator current signal using the discrete Fourier transformation (DFT). The formula of the measured direct stator current at both conditions is determined by the transfer function of the current loop. The obtained results show that the current loop corresponds to a low pass filter and can reduce the magnitude of diagnostic indicators which lead to wrong evaluation of the fault. Simulation and experiments were carried out in order to confirm the theoretical analysis.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nourelhouda Bouabid
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohamed-Amine Moussa
1
Yassine Maouche
1
Abdelmalek Khezzar
1

  1. Departement d’electrotechnique, Laboratoire d’electrotechnique de Constantine, Universite Constantine 1, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
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Abstract

In this paper, the effect of an indoor visible light communication channel is studied. Moreover, the analysis of the received power distribution of the photodiode in the line of sight and the first reflection of the channel without line of sight with several parameters is simulated. Two different waveforms are explained in detail. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing has been widely adopted in radio frequency and optical communication systems. One of the most important disadvantages of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal is the high peak-to-average power ratio. Therefore, it is important to minimize the peak-to-average power ratio in the visible light communication systems more than in radio-frequency wireless applications. In the visible light communication systems, the high peak-to-average power ratio produces a high DC bias which reduces power efficiency of the system. A discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is proposed to be used in wireless communication systems; its ability to minimize peak-to-average power ratio has been tested. The analysis of two different subcarrier allocation methods for the discrete Fourier transform-spread subcarriers, as well as the examination of two distinct subcarrier allocation strategies, distributed and localized mapping, are investigated and studied. The effects of an accurate new sub-band mapping for the localized discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme are presented in this paper. The light-fidelity system performance of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with different sub-mapping techniques are simulated with Matlab™. A system performance size of bit error rate and peak-to-average power ratio are obtained, as well.
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Authors and Affiliations

Saleh Hussin
1
Eslam M. Shalaby
2

  1. Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
  2. Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Higher Technological institute, 10th of Ramadan City, Megawra 1, 44629 Egyp

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