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Number of results: 13
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Abstract

The main objective of this study was to assess the environmental impact of the subsurface geological structure in Nam Son landfill by hydrogeophysical method. The Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Self- -Potential (SP) and Very Low Frequency (VLF) method was used for geological structure investigation. Three profiles (total 900 m long) of two-dimensional ERT, VLF density sections and 180 SP data points scattered within the study area near the disposal site were implemented. Surface water and groundwater samples were collected from 10 sites in the area for hydrochemical analysis. Interpretations of geophysical data show a low resistivity zone (<15 Ω m), which appears to be a fully saturated zone with leachate from an open dumpsite. There is a good correlation between the geophysical investigations and the results of hydrochemical analysis.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nguyen Van Giang
Nguyen Trong Vu
Nguyen Ba Duan
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Abstract

In this paper an attempt to determine the relationship between the electrical resistivity and the tensile strength and hardness of cast iron of

carbon equivalent in the range from 3.93% to 4.48%. Tests were performed on the gray cast iron for 12 different melts with different

chemical composition. From one melt poured 6 samples. Based on the study of mechanical and electro-resistive determined variation

characteristics of tensile strength, hardness and resistivity as a function of the carbon equivalent. Then, regression equations were

developed as power functions describing the relationship between the resistivity of castings and their tensile strength and hardness. It was

found a high level of regression equations to measuring points, particularly with regard to the relationship Rm=f(ρ). The obtained

preliminary results indicate the possibility of application of the method of the resistance to rapid diagnostic casts on the production line,

when we are dealing with repeatable production, in this case non variable geometry of the product for which it has been determinated

before a regression equation.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Bieroński
R. Kuś
O. Krasa
M. Koza
D. Książek
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Abstract

The paper describes the influence of graphite shape, size and amount to electrical properties of different cast irons. Experiments of electrical resistivity measurements were conducted during solidification of four different melts in different time intervals from melt treatment by inoculation and nodularization. Metallographic analyses were made in order to determine the shape, size, distribution and amount of graphite and correlate results with electrical resistivity measurements. It was found out that nodular graphite is giving the lowest electrical resistivity and is decreased during solidification. Electrical resistivity of lamellar cast iron is increased during solidification since lamellas interrupt metal matrix severely There is no significant difference in resistivity of vermicular cast iron from nodular cast iron. Smaller size of graphite and lower amount of graphite and higher amount of metal matrix also decrease resistivity.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Petrič
P. Mrvar
P. Kastelic
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Abstract

The Lithuanian national standard of electric resistance is maintained as the basis for calibration and measurement capabilities published in the key comparison database of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). The stability and uncertainty of the resistance value measurements, performed since 2004 using the calibrated values of the standard resistors to predict their future behaviour as well as influence of environmental conditions, are discussed. Also discussed is the recovery of a standard resistor which had undergone a mechanical disturbance. It is concluded that the standard resistors operated by the Lithuanian National Electrical Standards Laboratory feature stable drift of resistance, which is well predicted by means of linear regression.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrius Bartašiunas
Rimantas Miškinis
Dmitrij Smirnov
Emilis Urba
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Abstract

The aim of the investigation was liquid mixing time measurement in a laboratory scale stirred tank equipped with a metal Maxblend impeller and comparison with the corresponding mixing time obtained with other conventional impellers. The data are collected by Electrical Resistance Tomography, whose applicability in this case is non-trivial, because of the electrical interferences between the large paddles of the impeller and the measuring system. The raw data treatment methodology purposely developed for obtaining the homogenization dynamics curve is presented.Arobust approach for a fine and lowcost investigation of the mixing performances of close-clearance impellers in opaque systems is suggested. The analysis of the local and averaged conductivity time traces reveals the effect of important variables, such as the fluid viscosity and the vessel configuration, on the mixing time under various agitation conditions. The data collection and post processing procedures open the way to the application of the technique to multiphase and non-Newtonian fluids stirred with close-clearance impellers.
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Bibliography

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Stobiac V., Fradette L., Tanguy P.A., Bertrand F., 2014. Pumping characterisation of the maxblend impeller for Newtonian and strongly non-Newtonian fluids. Can. J. Chem. Eng., 92, 729–741. DOI: 10.1002/cjce.21906.
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Authors and Affiliations

Suzuka Iwasawa
1
Honami Kubo
1
Katsuhide Takenaka
1
Sandro Pintus
2
Francesco Maluta
3
Giuseppina Montante
3
Alessandro Paglianti
3

  1. Sumitomo Heavy Industries Process Equipment Co., Ltd. 1501, Imazaike, Saijo City, Ehime, Japan
  2. Retired from University of Pisa, Via Giunta Pisano 28, 56126 Pisa, Italy
  3. Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, viale Risorgimento 4,40136 Bologna, Italy
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Abstract

Ukraine is characterised by active natural hazards processes within different structural, tectonic and landscape zones. In Middle Dnieper basin region mass movement processes have great impact on people’s livelihoods and infrastructure. These processes occur on the slopes with different geological structure. The determining causes include lithologic and stratigraphic conditions, hydrogeological regime, structural and textural peculiarities of rocks and the geomorphology of the slopes. Landslide inventory database has been developed based on long-term observations of more than 400 landslides and landslide-prone areas. This paper takes efforts forward by combining different geological and geophysical methods to advance the current understanding of landslide phenomena and contributing towards a better informed assessment of landslide hazard and risk. The developed methodology is implemented in a test sites of Kyiv region, covering an area of 18.3 km2 situated in the Middle Dnieper basin. Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Self-Potential and Infrared Thermography techniques were employed to investigate the lithostratigraphic sequences, the geometry of landslide body and potential mass movement. The results presented here confirm the potential of using an integrated approach that combines different field data to better plan mitigation activities and measures for the effective land management. This study will be useful in increasing the safety aspects of the infrastructures and lives and also for planning of research and developmental activities.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Olena Ivanik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Joana Fonseca
2
ORCID: ORCID
Oleksandr Shabatura
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ruslan Khomenko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kateryna Hadiatska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dmytro Kravchenko
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Institute of Geology, 60, Volodymyrska str., Kyiv, 03001, Ukraine
  2. City, University of London, School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract

TiAl based intermetallics are widely used for structural applications in aviation, chemical engineering, automotive and sports equipment. In this study, the electrical resistance sintering (ERS) technology used in the production of gamma-TiAl intermetallics is based on the principle of applying pressure simultaneously with a high-density electric current. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cyclic oxidation resistance of Ti-44Al-3Mo and Ti-44Al-3Nb alloys (at.%) and the applicability of artificial neural network (ANN) modeling for the forecast of the oxidation behavior of these alloys. In order to obtain this aim, the alloys sintered by ERS were oxidized at 900°C for 360 h and then the oxidation behaviors of them are evaluated by plotting a graph between weight change as a function of time. The data collected after the oxidation experiments were used to construct the prediction models. The modelling results show that a good agreement between experimental results and prediction results was found. The oxidized alloys were characterized using XRD and SEM-EDS. The XRD patterns revealed the oxidation products are composed of TiO2 and Al2O3 oxides. SEM-EDS analysis indicated that the oxide scales of alloys are made up of a multilayered structure.
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Authors and Affiliations

Y. Garip
1
ORCID: ORCID
Z. Garip
2
ORCID: ORCID
O. Ozdemir
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Sakarya Applied Science University, Technology Faculty , Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Esentepe Campus, 54187, Sakarya -Turkey
  2. Sakarya Applied Science University, Technology Faculty, Department of Computer Engineering, Esentepe Campus, 54187, Sakarya -Turkey
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Abstract

Wider application of silicon carbide (SiC) is anticipated for increasing the durability of various structural facilities. For this study, SiC was fabricated with decreased electrical resistivity for precision electrical discharge machining. Two-step reaction sintering by infiltration of molten Fe-Si alloy was applied for SiC fabrication. The procedure included first sintering at 973 K in Ar gas atmosphere and second sintering by spontaneous infiltration of molten Fe-75%Si alloy at 1693 K in vacuum. The sintered structure porosity became very low, forming 3C-type SiC. Results confirmed that molten Fe-75%Si alloy infiltration occurred because of reaction sintering. The electrical resistivity of the sintered SiC infiltrated by molten Fe-75%Si alloy can be improved to be two orders of magnitude lower than that by molten Si, consequently maintaining the high performance of SiC.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yoshitsugu Hanada
Yang Xiao
Akio Sonoda
Hyo-Gyoung Kang
Hideaki Nagayoshi
Atsuo Yamamoto
Tatsuya Tokunaga
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Abstract

The following article collects and describes several practical problems that can be encountered when performing geophysical field measurements using the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method. The methodology of work carried out with the Terrameter LS apparatus of the Swedish company ABEM (currently the company has changed its name to GUIDELINE GEO) was presented and discussed. The attention was paid to interesting solutions that increase the efficiency of works, especially in works related to linear investments. Errors that may appear during the use of the roll-along method are indicated, in particular, those appearing in measurements where too long measurement sections are transferred, as well as problems resulting from high electrode earthing, nonlinear profile traces and variable morphology. It describes how the use of different measurement systems affects the depth of prospecting, and which systems cope well in the area with disturbances. The article also emphasizes that the work should be properly planned before starting field research.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Pacanowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maciej Maślakowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Lejzerowicz
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

The durability of roads is dependent on the proper screening of the variations in subsurface geological characteristics and conditions through geo-engineering investigations and good construction practices. In this study, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) technique was used to investigate the subsurface defects and potential failures along the substrate of Etioro-Akoko highway, Ondo State, southwestern Nigeria. Results of the inverse model resistivity sections generated for the two investigated traverses showed four distinct subsurface layers. The shallow clayey topsoil, weathered layer, and partially weathered/fractured bedrock have resistivity values ranging from 4–150 ohm-m, 10–325 ohm-m, and 205–800 ohm-m, with thickness values of 0–2 m, 0.5–12.5 m, and less than few meters to > 24 m, respectively. The fresh bedrock is characterised by resistivity generally in excess of 1000 ohm-m. The bedrock mirrored gently to rapidly oscillating bedrock troughs and relatively inclined deep penetrating multiple fractures: F1–F’1, F2–F’2 and F3–F’3, with floater in-between the first two fractures. These delineated subsurface characteristic features were envisaged as potential threats to the pavement of the highway. Pavement failures in the area could be attributed to the incompetent clayey sub-base/substrate materials and the imposed stresses on the low load-bearing fractured bedrock and deep weathered troughs by heavy traffics. Anticipatory construction designs that included the use of competent sub-base materials and bridges for the failed segments and fractured zones along the highway, respectively, were recommended.

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Authors and Affiliations

Adedibu Sunny Akingboye
Isaac Babatunde Osazuwa
Muraina Zaid Mohammed
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Abstract

The main scientific goal of this work is the presentation of the role of selected geophysical methods (Ground-Penetrating Radar GPR and Electrical Resistivity Tomography ERT) to identify water escape zones from retention reservoirs. The paper proposes a methodology of geophysical investigations for the identification of water escape zones from a retention fresh water lake (low mineralised water). The study was performed in a lake reservoir in Upper Silesia. Since a number of years the administrators of the lake have observed a decreasing water level, a phenomenon that is not related to the exploitation of the object. The analysed retention lake has a maximal depth between 6 and 10 m, depending on the season. It is located on Triassic carbonate rocks of the Muschelkalk facies. Geophysical surveys included measurements on the water surface using ground penetration radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) methods. The measurements were performed from watercrafts made of non-metal materials. The prospection reached a depth of about 1 to 5 m below the reservoir bottom. Due to large difficulties of conducting investigations in the lake, a fragment with an area of about 5,300 m 2, where service activities and sealing works were already commenced, was selected for the geophysical survey. The scope of this work was: (1) field geophysical research (Ground-Penetrating Radar GPR and Electrical Resistivity Tomography ERT with geodesic service), (2) processing of the obtained geophysical research results, (3) modelling of GPR and ERT anomalies on a fractured water reservoir bottom, and (4) interpretation of the obtained results based on the modelled geophysical anomalies. The geophysical surveys allowed for distinguishing a zone with anomalous physical parameters in the area of the analysed part of the retention lake. ERT surveys have shown that the water escape zone from the reservoir was characterised by significantly decreased electrical resistivities. Diffraction hyperboles and a zone of wave attenuation were observed on the GPR images in the lake bottom within the water escape zone indicating cracks in the bottom of the water reservoir. The proposed methodology of geophysical surveys seems effective in solving untypical issues such as measurements on the water surface.

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Authors and Affiliations

Radosław Mieszkowski
ORCID: ORCID
Emilia Wójcik
Mikołaj Kozłowski
Paweł Popielski
ORCID: ORCID

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