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Number of results: 38
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Abstract

We discuss waste, fuels, and air quality with Prof. Czesława Rosik-Dulewska from the PAS Institute of Environmental Engineering and the Department of Land Protection at the University of Opole.

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Authors and Affiliations

Czesława Rosik-Dulewska
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The cumulative results of investigations of the possibility of using the reclaimed materials after the mechanical, thermal or

mechanical-thermal reclamation for making cores by means of the blowing method in the alkaline CO2 technology, are

presented in the paper. Three kinds of spent sands: with furfuryl resin, bentonite and alkaline phenolic resin, obtained from

the foundry, were subjected to three kinds of reclamation: mechanical, thermal and combined mechanical-thermal, applying

for this aim adequate experimental devices. The obtained reclaims were assessed with regard to the degree of the matrix

liberation from the determined binding material. Reclaims of moulding sands with binders of the form of resin were assessed

with regard to ignition loss values and pH reaction, while reclaims of moulding sands with bentonite with regard to the

residual clay content and pH value. In all cases the results of the performed sieve analyses were estimated and the average

characteristic diameter dl was determined. The reclaimed matrix was applied as a full substitute of the fresh high-silica sand in typical

procedures of preparing core sands used for making shaped samples for bending strength investigations, Rg

u

.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Dańko
J. Dańko
M. Skrzyński
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Abstract

Post-industrial areas are economically attractive – property developers are often eager to build stylish lofts there. Unfortunately, however, contamination often persists in the soil of such “brownfield” sites for decades.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Wołkowicz
1

  1. Polish Geological Institute– National Research Institute (PGI-NRI)in Warsaw
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Abstract

There are two methods to produce primary copper: hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical. Copper concentrates, from which copper

matte is melted, constitute the charge at melting primary copper in the pyrometallurgical process. This process consists of a few stages, of

which the basic ones are roasting and smelting. Smelting process may be bath and flash. Slag from copper production, on the end of

process contain less 0,8%. It is treat as a waste or used other field, but only in a few friction. The slag amount for waste management or

storage equaled 11 741 – 16 011 million tons in 2011. This is a serious ecological problem. The following slags were investigated: slag

originated from the primary copper production process in the flash furnace of the Outtokumpuja Company in HM Głogów 2 (Sample S2):

the same slag after the copper removal performed according the up to now technology (Sample S1): slag originated from the primary

copper production process in the flash furnace of the Outtokumpuja Company in HM Głogów 2, after the copper removal performed

according the new technology (Sample S3). In practice, all tested slags satisfy the allowance criteria of storing on the dumping grounds of

wastes other than hazardous and neutral.

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Authors and Affiliations

W. Wołczyński
M. Holtzer
A. Bydałek
A. Kmita
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Abstract

The paper, especially dealt with problems of reclamation of used furan sand, carried out in new, vibratory sand reclamation unit REGMAS

developed by researches from AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering in Cracow (Poland).

Functional characteristics of reclamation unit as well as the results of reclamation of used sand with furfuryl resin are discussed in the

paper. The quality of reclaim was tested by means of the LOI and pH value, dust content in the reclaim and at least by the the quality of

the castings produced in moulds prepared with the use of reclaimed matrix.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Dańko
J. Dańko
M. Skrzyński
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Abstract

The article presents a case study on the effectiveness of photovoltaic farm and battery energy storage in one of the Polish foundries. In the study, we consider two investment options: stand-alone PV farm of 1MWp and the farm together with battery energy storage with a maximum capacity of 4MWh. The Payback Period and Net Present Value were used as measures of investment profitability. The paper provides a detailed presentation of the assumptions made, as well as the PV electricity production model of the farm and the optimization model that determines the operation cycle of the energy storage. The case study presented in the article shows that the PV farm is economically sensible and profitable, but the battery energy storage is too costly to give a positive economic effect. Energy storage is an important element that provides flexibility in the energy supply system, so it is necessary to find a technical solution that gives this flexibility. Such a solution could be a virtual power plant, which could include a foundry energy system with a RES installation inside.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Stawowy
1
ORCID: ORCID
R. Wrona
2
M. Sawczuk
2
D. Lasek
2

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Management, Poland
  2. Modus Sp. z o.o., Poland
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Abstract

The substrates to biogas production in anaerobic digestion, except plant materials, can also be animal feces and manure. It should be highlighted that Poland is one of leaders in the European Union in animal breeding. However, there is no precise data in the literature on the potential of biogas production from animal feces in this country. The aim of the paper was to analyze the biogas production potential from manure in Poland. The aim of work included anaerobic digestion research following materials: cow manure, pig manure, poultry manure and sheep manure. In the next step, based on the obtained results of the biogas yield, energy potential calculations were made. The methane yield for the investigated feedstock materials in the batch culture technology was performed following the internal procedures developed based on the adapted standards, i.e. DIN 38 414-S8 and VDI 4630. Animal wastes were obtained from the Agricultural Experimental Stations of Poznan University of Life Sciences (Poznan, Poland). On a base of achieved results it was concluded that tested substrates have a high energy potential (approx. 28.52 GWh of electricity). The largest potential for electricity production was found in chicken manure (about 13.86 GWh) and cow manure (about 12.35 GWh). It was also shown which regions of Poland have the best chance for development of agriculture biogas plants (Wielkopolskie and Mazowieckie voivodships) and where the potential is the least (Lubuskie and Opolskie voivodeships).

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Authors and Affiliations

Kamil Kozłowski
Jacek Dach
Andrzej Lewicki
Krystyna Malińska
Isaias Emilio Paulino do Carmo
Wojciech Czekała
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Abstract

Theory and practice of environmental protection in the case of foundries in Europe and Asia

• Experience resulting from the cooperation with the foundries in a few European countries, China and India

• Phenomena and factors affecting the pollution of the natural environment and the implementation of measures aiming at the

environmental protection

Every specialist dealing with foundry processes and their impact on environmental pollution must have encountered in their professional

careers numerous situations in which the theory of environmental protection confronts the stark reality. The discrepancy between theory

and practice can particularly be noticed in foundry engineering in developing countries where the contrasts between different countries and

casting plants are extremely striking. The comparison of working conditions in European and Asian foundries provides a vast scope for

further observations and analyses. Environmental protection seems not only a concern of manufacturers of castings, but also of their

customers whose opinion exerts a significant influence on both the acceptability of working conditions and on the approach to

environmental pollution adopted in metal casting industry.

The article presents a number of examples of various outlooks on environmental issues in foundries manufacturing a wide range of cast

steel and cast iron castings, where different technologies and production processes are applied.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Maj
J. Piekło
J. Werrtz
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Abstract

Mechanical reclamation process of spent moulding sands generate large amounts dusts containing mainly rubbed spent binding agents and quartz dust. The amounts of post-reclamation dusts, depending of the reclamation system efficiency and reclaim dedusting system, can reach 5 -10% in relation to the total reclaimed moulding sand. This dust due to the high content of the organic substances is a threat to the environment and therefore requires the storage on landfills specially adapted for this type of waste. On the other hand, the presence of organic substances causes that these dusts have relatively high energy values that could be used. However, at present there is no coherent, environmentally friendly concept for the management of this type of dust. The paper presents the results of tests of thermal utilization the dusts (as a source of energy) were carried out at AGH University of Science and Technology. Thermal utilization of dusts was carried out in the co-burning with carbon carriers process or in individual burning (Patent PL 227878 B1 and patent application PL - 411 902).

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Holtzer
R. Dańko
J. Dańko
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Abstract

The problem related to the management of post reclamation dusts generated in the reclamation process of waste moulding sands with

organic binders is presented in the hereby paper. Waste materials generated in this process are products hazardous for the environment and

should be utilised. The prototype stand for the utilisation of this dangerous material in its co-burning with coal was developed and patented

in AGH in Krakow. The stand was installed in one of the domestic casting houses. As the utilisation result the transformed waste product

is obtained and its management in the production of ceramic materials constitutes the subject of the presented publication.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Holtzer
R. Dańko
J. Dańko
Z. Pytel
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Abstract

The results of the efficiency of the primary reclamation process as well as the influence of the used sand temperature and other process parameters on it are presented in this paper. A separate stand realized on a reduced scale was built, which is an analogous process of the primary reclamation treatment of spent foundry sands. The used sands were introduced to the crushing process in an agglomerated form in the way typically used in industrial devices. The primary reclamation process was realized on a set of four horizontal sieves with decreasing mesh clearances while maintaining their geometrical dimensions applied in the Regmas industrial device. The model system consists of a vibratory drive mounted on the table, allowing us to control the supply frequency of the vibratory motors within a range of 40-60 Hz as well as the computer system for measuring the vibration parameters and drive power. The used sand on the quartz matrix with the KALTHARZ U404 resin and 100T3 hardener was used in our investigations. The used sand was prepared under the following conditions: cubic-shaped elements made of the applied furan sand was compacted by vibrations then hardened and subjected to heating under controlled conditions (as a “simulation” of the overheating process taking place in the mold after pouring). Time functions of the crushing and sieving process in dependence of the overheating degree of the reference sand samples (100°, 200°, and 300°C) were investigated at various table vibration frequencies and feed loads of the sieve set. The relative index of the crushing ability was determined.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Skrzyński
R. Dańko
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Abstract

The investigation results of the reclamation of spent moulding sands with furfuryl resin are presented in this paper. The reclamation

process was performed in the secondary reclamation chamber of the REGMAS 1.5 vibratory reclaimer. 70 kg portions of moulding sands,

previously subjected to the primary reclamation and dedusting, were used. The secondary reclamation was performed in two stages: the

first consisted of determining the reclaimer intensity at various reclamation times (5 min, 10 min and 15 min) and various electrovibrator

frequencies (40 Hz, 50 Hz and 60 Hz), the second consisted of determining the influence of additional crushing elements on the intensity

of processes.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Dańko
M. Skrzyński
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Abstract

In this article, an outline of the key questions connected with the essential problems of energy-consumption of air-stream moulding machines has been presented. Research results and calculations of requisite parameters appraisable of energy-consumption of air-stream moulding machines have been supplemented also by the data analysis of offer of the moulding machines manufacturers. The attention on constructional and technological factors which are favourable for the diminution of energy-consuming of the moulding process has been paid.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Brzeziński
K. Smyksy
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Abstract

Foundry dust from blasting and grinding of castings contain a high amount of iron, ergo it is possible its recycling in foundry process. Dust was compacted by briquetting, two kinds of briquettes were prepared (A contained 95% magnetic part of dust from casting blasting +5% bentonite and B contained 95% mixture of dust from casting grinding and magnetic part of dust from casting blasting + 5% bentonite) and used as a part of charge into the electric induction furnace. It was found that addition of briquettes has had an influence of a chemical composition of cast iron above all on content of sulphur, phosphorus and silicon. It was not reflected in decrease in tensile strength and in microstructure. Yield of metal from briquettes was not lower then 70%.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Pribulová
P. Futáš
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Abstract

In this article, in accordance with the results of calculations, the authors argue that at the end of 2019, the main problems of the vast majority of regions of Ukraine are low environmental and energy efficiency and insufficient environmental protection measures. The cluster analysis allowed us to identify common territorial groups in terms of their conditions of existence and to develop practical recommendations for priority measures of state management. The quality of clustering was checked using the silhouette measure indicator, which was used to justify the optimal number of regions, which proved to be five. Cluster І includes the Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhia regions. The gradual replacement of heavy industry with high-tech activities is inevitable. Cluster ІІІ includes the Volyn, Ternopil, Kherson, Khmelnytsky, Zhytomyr and Rivne regions. It is necessary to further develop the economy of the regions in compliance with environmental standards while taking into account the recommendations of the first cluster. Cluster IV consists of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. It is impossible to fully restore the economy of the eastern regions and its infrastructure in these conditions. Therefore, the task of public administration today is to ensure social standards of living and support the least protected segments of the population. Cluster V was built on the basis of Zakarpattia and Chernivtsi regions. The priority of state regulation should be the development of small and medium enterprises. Cluster II includes all other areas. Their economic growth must be transformed not only into the social sphere but also into technological re-equipment. The change of commodity orientation and the departure from raw material production in favor of technological is a necessary condition for maintaining the competitiveness of the economy in today’s globalization. Increasing the cost of environmental measures should be a priority.
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Bibliography

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Gakhovich, N.G. 2012. Ecologization of industrial production as a necessary condition for overcoming disproportion. [In:] World economic disproportion: features, tendencies, influence on the economy of Ukraine: scientific report, ed. Corresponding Member NAS of Ukraine L.V. Shinkaruk; NAS of Ukraine, In-t. Of Economics and predicted. NAS of Ukraine, pp. 94–98.
Geets, V.M. 2000. Instability and economic growth. V.M. Gay. K. In-t. Economics. forecast., 344 p. Gitis, L.H. 2003. Statistical classification and cluster analysis. L.H. Gitis. М., 157 p.
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Maley, O.V. 2013. On the issue of development of the modern waste management system in Ukraine. О.В. Malei, A.O. Klyuchka, Ecological management in the general management system: collection of abstracts of the Thirteenth annual all-Ukrainian scientific conference, Sumy, April 17–18, 2013 / Resp. O.M. Telizhenko. Sumy: Sumy State University, pp. 91–94.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nadiia Shmygol
1
ORCID: ORCID
Olga Galtsova
2
ORCID: ORCID
Kostiantyn Shaposhnykov
3
ORCID: ORCID
Saule Bazarbayeva
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. «Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic» National University, Ukraine
  2. Classic Private University, Ukraine
  3. State Scientific Institution “Institute for Modernization of the Content of Education” of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Ukraine
  4. L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan
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Abstract

This article clarifies the prevention of costal sea line. The author describes this subject on the activity of organ of public administration, which is a director of sea office. As the appointed organ responsible for the protection of the environment on costal line of the sea. It has many competences, but there are difficulties with finding specific aim which is a counteraction of crime against the nature of the beaches and area Natura 2000. Protection is not exactly efficient protection, if the consequences of breaking such laws are not enforced. Owners of campings on the beaches on Penisula of Hel they make crime to built with not legal permission a larges beaches and destroy costal line of the sea with the nature in protection of area.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janina Ciechanowicz-McLean
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Katedra Prawa Gospodarczego Publicznego i Ochrony Środowiska, Wydział Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
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Abstract

Plastic rocks can creep, therefore the knowledge of the rheological properties of the drilled formations is an important element of the drilling process and when choosing borehole designs. These properties of plastic formations also influence the way in which appropriate drilling technology and drilling mud properties are selected. The article presents the effect of basic rheological parameters of salt from the Fore-Sudetic Monocline deposit on the drilling of boreholes in the mining area of KGHM Polska Miedź, which in the future can be used as a good drilling practice to improve the safety and efficiency of drilling.

The process of drilling in plastic rocks may be hindered. Salt is a plastic rock and in the analyzed rock mass it is deposited at a considerable depth. The caprock exerts big loads on it, beside the temperature in the deposit intensifies the rheological properties of the rock. The creep process causes that the borehole contracts, therefore the knowledge about the rheological properties of the drilled rock is very important for establishing the safe time in which the well may remain uncased. The paper is devoted to the influence of basic rheological parameters of salt bed in the Fore-Sudetic Monocline on the process of drilling of a borehole in the area of KGHM Polska Miedź as these data can be used in drilling practice in the future.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dagmara Zeljaś
Robert Rado
Iwona Kowalska-Kubsik
Tomasz Śliwa
Aleksandra Jamrozik
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Abstract

This article presents the history of mining for rock raw materials in the Cieszyn area since the beginning of the 20th century. The study assessed the possibility of continuing these activities in relation to the ongoing enlargement of conservation areas. The conflict between mining these deposits and environmental interests was described. The results of the analysis allowed for the identification of potential sites for further exploitation of Godula Sandstone and Cieszyn Limestone. The study used analog and digital data which were subjected to the procedures specific to the GIS (Geographic Information System) methods. The exploitation of Cieszyn Shale and Limestone played an important role in the first half of the 20th century. They were used for the production of lime and cement. However, the importance of these materials decreased gradually due to declining demand and quality. In later years, after the closure of the cement plant in Goleszów, limestone was used only for aggregate production. Natural aggregates and clay raw materials were initially exploited in small excavations based on local needs, and later in an organized manner with documented deposits. At present, mining of these materials has been discontinued. The centuries-old tradition of Godula Sandstone block production was maintained during the last hundred years. In the last decade, their extraction was conducted in the original quarry, as well as several new quarries. Additional resources have been documented at other locations. Because of the nature of the product, such extraction (in small quarries, without the use of blasting agents) does not significantly affect wildlife. Moreover, the locations of current and former mining operations often become tourist attractions. This is evidenced by the fact that the documentation sites are established on the basis of such excavations. Numerous objects of protection established in recent years have led to a major conflict between the exploitation of rock materials and the environment. This prevents development or even the continuation of exploitation. Therefore, in future planning processes, efforts must be made to characterize mineral deposits as a part of nature, requiring protection.

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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Figarska-Warchoł
Ewelina Matlak
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Abstract

The paper presents research upon the gas distribution in a physical model and the computer simulation of dust separation in a horizontal electrostatic precipitator (ESP) with a flat inlet diffuser. The research of a gas flow was carried out using the visualization method and the velocity measurement in cross sections of a model chamber. By selecting suitable choking diffusion screens and deflecting vanes in a diffuser the oblique profiles of a gas velocity were obtained for different obliqueness degree. It was assumed that the velocity profiles obtained should guarantee higher performance of an ESP than those uniform profiles as used so far. Those assumptions were proved by the results of computer simulation obtained using a program SYMULA-X. The results of experiments and computer simulation arc presented in a graphical form.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Jędrusik
Arkadiusz Świerczok
Edward Nowaczewski
Marian Sarna
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Abstract

Production waste is one of the major sources of aluminium for recycling. Depending on the waste sources, it can be directly melted in furnaces, pre-cleaned and then melted, or due to the small size of the material (powder or dust) left without remelting. The latter form of waste includes chips formed during mechanical cutting (sawing) of aluminium and its alloys. In this study, this type of chips (with the dimensions not exceeding 1 mm) were melted. The obtained results of laboratory tests have indicated that even chips of such small sizes pressed into cylindrical compacts can be remelted. The high recovery yield (up to 94 %) and degree of metal coalescence (up to 100 %) were achieved via thermal removal of impurities under controlled conditions of a gas atmosphere (argon or/and air), followed with consolidation of chips at a pressure of minimum 170 MPa and melting at 750 oC with NaCl-KCl-Na3AlF6 salt flux.

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Authors and Affiliations

P. Palimąka
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Abstract

The work presents the results of examinations concerning the influence of various amounts of home scrap additions on the porosity of

castings made of MgAl9Zn1 alloy. The fraction of home scrap in the metal charge ranged from 0 to 100%. Castings were pressure cast by

means of the hot-chamber pressure die casting machine under the industrial conditions in one of the domestic foundries. Additionally, for

the purpose of comparison, the porosity of specimens cut out directly of the MgAl9Zn1 ingot alloy was also determined. The examinations

consisted in the qualitative assessment of porosity by means of the optical microscopy and its quantitative determination by the method of

weighting specimens in air and in water. It was found during the examination that the porosity of castings decreases with an increase in the

home scrap fraction in the metal charge. The qualitative examinations confirmed the beneficial influence of the increased home scrap

fraction on the porosity of castings. It was concluded that the reusing of home scrap in a foundry can be a good way of reduction of costs

related to the production of pressure castings.

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Authors and Affiliations

Z. Konopka
M. Łągiewka
A. Zyska
A. Chojnacki
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Abstract

The work presents the results of examinations concerning the influence of various amounts of home scrap additions on the properties of

castings made of MgAl9Zn1 alloy. The fraction of home scrap in the metal charge ranged from 0 to 100%. Castings were pressure cast by

means of the hot-chamber pressure die casting machine under the industrial conditions in one of the domestic foundries. The examinations

consisted in the determination of the following properties: tensile strength Rm, yield strength Rp0.2, and the unit elongation A5, all being

measured during the static tensile test. Also, the hardness measurements were taken by the Brinell method. It was found that the

mechanical properties (mainly the strength properties) are being improved up to the home scrap fraction of 50%. Their values were

increased by about 30% over this range. Further rise in the home scrap content, however, brought a definite decrease in these properties.

The unit elongation A5 exhibited continual decrease with an increase in the home scrap fraction in the metal charge. A large growth of

hardness was noticed for the home scrap fraction increasing up to the value of 50%. Further increasing the home scrap percentage,

however, did not result in a significant rise of the hardness value any more.

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Authors and Affiliations

Z. Konopka
A. Zyska
A.C. Chojnacki
M. Lagiewka
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Abstract

The paper presents the impact of biodegradable material - polycaprolactone (PCL) on selected properties of moulding sands. A self-hardening moulding sands with phenol-furfuryl resin, which is widely used in foundry practice, and an environmentally friendly self-hardening moulding sand with hydrated sodium silicate where chosen for testing. The purpose of the new additive in the case of synthetic resin moulding sands is to reduce their harmfulness to the environment and to increase their “elasticity” at ambient temperature. In the case of moulding sands with environmentally friendly hydrated sodium silicate binder, the task of the new additive is to increase the elasticity of the tested samples while preserving their ecological character. Studies have shown that the use of 5% PCL in moulding sand increases their flexibility at ambient temperature, both with organic and inorganic binders. The influence of the new additive on the deformation of the moulding sands at elevated temperatures has also been demonstrated.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Grabarczyk
S.M. Dobosz
K. Major-Gabryś

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