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Number of results: 15
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Abstract

The present paper addresses the analysis of structural vibration transmission in the presence of structural joints. The problem is tackled from a numerical point of view, analyzing some scenarios by using finite element models. The numerical results obtained making use of this process are then compared with those evaluated using the EN 12354 standard vibration reduction index concept. It is shown that, even for the simplest cases, the behavior of a structural joint is complex and evidences the frequency dependence. Comparison with results obtained by empirical formulas reveals that those of the standards cannot accurately reproduce the expected behavior, and thus indicate that alternative complementary calculation procedures are required. A simple methodology to estimate the difference between numerical and standard predictions is here proposed allowing the calculation of an adaptation term that makes both approaches converge. This term was found to be solution-dependent, and thus should be evaluated for each structure.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jaime Ramis
Enrique Segovia
Jesús Alba
Jesús Carbajo
Luís Godinho
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Abstract

In this paper, finite element modelling is employed for simulating and analysing seepage and slope stability of earthfill dam via GeoStudio software. Two products are employed, which are SLOPE/W for slope stability and SEEP/W for seepage analysis. The behaviour of earthfill dam with four different types of sandy soils having different values of hydraulic conductivity (K) has been studied. Different upstream (US) slopes of 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3 and 1:3.5 for the earthfill dam are simulated. The downstream (DS) slope is constant at 1:2. The results showed for all the four types of soils that when the US slope is increased, the amount of seepage from the dam increases and the factor of safety (F) decreases. For each US slope, when K (type of soil) increases, both seepage and F increase. Fine sand soil is associated with less seepage and less F. Sixteen equations are obtained to predict both seepage and F with respect to US slope for each type of soil and K of the soil for US slope. An experimental model for earthfill dam is constructed in the laboratory of hydraulics, Benha University to investigate the seepage of water through earthfill dams. It is concluded that seepage decreased when K decreased, and when the US slope for each type of soil decreased. The seepage increased when K increased for each US slope. Seven equations are obtained to predict seepage with respect to US slope for each type of soil, and K for each US slope.

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Authors and Affiliations

Alaa N. El-Hazek
Neveen B. Abdel-Mageed
Mohammed H. Hadid
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Abstract

The paper presents the analysis of strength and stiffness of metric threaded steel rods glued in glulam obtained by using two different gluing methods. The first method is used when the threaded steel rod is glued into a groove larger than the rod’s diameter, while the second method is applied when the diameter of the groove is smaller than the diameter of the threaded steel rod. The steel rod is covered with glue before it is inserted into the smaller diameter groove. The first method investigates the 2-mm-thick glue-line, while the second method analyses the contact when the groove’s diameter is 2 mm smaller than the outer diameter of the rod. Epoxy-type resin is used for both gluing methods. Different gluing methods present different interactions between the steel rod and glulam which result in different failure modes. The second method presents a plastic failure between the steel rod and glulam caused by the local compression and shear of glulam. The presented studies are made using metric threaded steel rods of diameters M12 and M16. In total, 20 specimens are experimentally tested in tension-to-tension tests performed according to EN 26891. The interaction between glulam and glued steel rods is also investigated using the 3D finite element modelling. The results obtained using the proposed 3D finite element model with different contact conditions between steel and glulam and the failure criterion for timber shear are well in line with the experimental findings.

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Authors and Affiliations

T. Gečys
G. Šaučiuvėnas
L. Ustinovichius
C. Miedzialowski
P. Sulik
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Abstract

Diverse strategies for identifying and finding the damages in structures have been continuously engaging to originators within the field. Due to the direct connection between the firmness, characteristic frequency, and mode shapes within the structure, the modular parameters may well be utilized for recognizing and finding the damages in structures. In current consider, a modern damage marker named Damage Localization Index (DLI) is applied, utilizing the mode shapes and their derivative. A finite element model of a frame with twenty and thirty components has been utilized, separately. The numerical model is confirmed based on experimental information. The indicator has been explored for the damaged components of a frame with one bay. The results have been compared with those of the well-known index CDF. To demonstrate the capability and exactness of the proposed method, the damages with low seriousness at different areas of the structures are explored. The results are investigated in noisy condition, considering 3% and 5% noise on modal data. The outcomes show the high level of accuracy of the proposed method for identifying the location of the damaged elements in frames.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mina Roodgar Nashta
1
ORCID: ORCID
Reza Taghipour
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohsen Bozorgnasab
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hessam Mirgolbabaei
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
  2. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota, United States of America
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Abstract

The web-tapered I-columns have the capacity to resist the flexural buckling and lateral torsional buckling at a particular location where as in the rest of the member the capacity is lower. There needs a focusing on the nonprismatic members, to find the buckling capacity and standard procedures are to be framed in Indian Code IS 800:2007. This exploratory research explores simulated finite element models covering a total of 60 web tapered column sections having taper ratios (h2/h1) from 1.0 to 3.0 using FEA software ANSYS17.2. With an elaborate Eigenvalue buckling analysis, this research has come up with newer design equation for calculating the buckling load of web tapered I columns. This novel equation could predict the buckling stress for any taper ratio of web tapered I column of any length.

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Authors and Affiliations

C. Rameshbabu
S. Prabavathy
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Abstract

The present paper is dedicated to the analysis of deployable tensegrity columns. The main aim of this work is to present a technique, developed by combining the finite element (FE) analysis and the multibody dynamics (MBD) simulation, which enables precise and reliable simulations of deployable structures. While the finite element model of the column provides information on structural behavior in the deployed state, the dynamical modeling allows to analyze various deployment scenarios, choose active cables for the deployment and for the self-stress application, and to control distributions of internal forces during the assembly process. An example of a deployable column based on a popular tensegrity module – a 3-strut simplex – is presented. By analyzing the proposed column with the use of the developed method it is proven that the technique is suitable for complex simulations of deployable systems.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Al Sabouni-Zawadzka
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Zawadzki
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Abstract

The transient thermal model of the permanent magnet linear actuator (PMLA) has been considered. The characteristics of heating have been calculated including the main subdomains of the actuator. The carcasses from various materials have also been considered. The calculations have been verified experimentally and a good conformity was obtained.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bronisław Tomczuk
Andrzej Waindok
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Abstract

Beam-to-column end-plate joints can be classified as rigid (fully restrained), semi-rigid (partiallyrestrained) or pinned, depending on their type, configuration and the connector arrangement. Fullyrestrained joints are needed for rigid frames in which there is assumed that the frame joints havesufficient rigidity to maintain – under the service state – the angles between the intersecting mem-bers, ensuring the full moment transfer. In contrast in semi-continuous frames, partially restrainedjoints are characterized by relative rotations occurring between the intersecting members so thatthe bending moment can only be transferred partially. In recent years, the idea of using partiallyrestrained, unstiffened joints in building structures has gained momentum since this idea appearsto be more practical and economical. Semi-continuous frames can resist actions by the bendingmoment transfer in partially restrained joints, allowing in the same time for a certain degree ofrotation that enhances the overall ductile performance of these structures. One of the effective waysthat affects ductility of end-plate beam-to-column joints is to use thinner end-plates than those usednowadays in practical applications. In the current study, a certain class of steel-concrete compositejoints is examined in which the thickness of end-plates is to be equivalent to approximately 40-60% of the bolt diameter used in all the composite joints investigated in the considered joint class. Thispaper is an extension of the authors’ earlier investigation on numerical modelling of the behaviourof steel frame joints. The aim of current investigations is to develop as simple as possible andyet reliable three-dimensional (3D) FE model of the composite joint behaviour that is capable ofcapturing the important factors controlling the performance of steel-concrete end-plate joints inwhich the end-plate thickness is chosen to be lesser than that used nowadays in conventional jointdetailing. A 3D FE model constructed for composite joints of the considered joint class is reportedin this paper and numerical simulations using the ABAQUS computer code are validated againstexperimental investigations conducted at the Warsaw University of Technology. Comparison betwe-en the nonlinear FE analysis and full scale experimental results of the considered class of compositejoints is presented which conclusively allows for the accuracy assessment of the modelling tech-nique developed. Comparison between the FE results and test data shows a reasonable agreementbetween the numerical FE model developed and physical model of experimentally examined jointspecimens. Finally, practical conclusions for engineering applications are drawn.

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Authors and Affiliations

M.A. Giżejowski
W. Barcewicz
W. Salah
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Abstract

In this investigation, the effective mechanical, coupling and dielectric properties of Macro-fiber-composites (MFCs) consisting of piezo-rod-element constituents are determined using representative volume element method combined with finite element analysis. Experiments are conducted on piezo-bar-element MFCs to understand the applicability of the proposed approach which would later be extended to composites with modified geometric pattern. The longitudinal strains with respect to static deflections of beam and forced displacements under varying electrical loads are measured for the MFCs, and compared with the numerical simulations. Based on the good agreement from the result comparisons of piezo-bar-element MFCs, the effective material properties of piezo-rod-element MFCs are numerically determined based on the RVE approach.
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Bibliography

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[2] J.R. Farmer, A comparison of power harvesting techniques and related energy storage issues, Master of Science Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, May (2017).
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[4] R .B. Williams, Nonlinear Mechanical and Actuation Characterization of Piezoceramic Fiber Composites, PhD Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, March (2004).
[5] S. Ju, C.H. Ji, Indirect Impact based Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Low Frequency Vibration, IEEE Transd., USA, 978-1-4799- 8955-3, June 21-25 (2015).
[6] Y. Kuang, M. Zhu, Evaluation and validation of equivalent properties of macro fibre composites for piezoelectric transducer modelling, Compos. Part B-Eng. 158, 189-197 (2019).
[7] Z. Dong, C. Faria, B.P. luymers, M. Hromčí, M. Šebek, W. Desmet, Structure-preserving low-order modeling approach of laminated composite plates integrated with macro-fiber composite transducers for dynamic application, Compos. Struct. 208, 287-297 (2019).
[8] J. Latalski, Modelling of Macro fiber composite piezoelectric active elements in abaqus system, E. I Niezawodnosc-Main. and Relia., December (2011).
[9] M. Khazaee, A. Rezaniakolaie, L. Rosendahl, A broadband macrofiber- composite piezoelectric energy harvester for higher energy conversion from practical wideband vibrations, Nano Energy 76, 104978 (2020).
[10] R .B. Williams, D.J. Inman, Nonlinear Tensile and Shear Behavior of Macro Fiber Composite Actuators, J. Compos. Mater. 38 (2004).
[11] C.S. Guimarães, V.P. Budinger, F.L.S. Bussamra, J.A. Hernandes, Structural Shape Control using Macro Fiber Composite Piezoelectric Sensors and Actuators, Comput. Mech., Argentina, 8263-8279, 15-18 (2010).
[12] Jose M. Simoes Moita, Isidoro F.P. Correia, Cristovao M. Mota Soares, Carlos A. Mota Soares, Active control of adaptive laminated structures with bonded piezoelectric sensors and actuators, CompuStruct. 82, 1349-1358 (2004).
[13] Y.X. Hao, K.F. Zhao, W. Zhang, S.W. Yang, Nonlinear dynamics and dynamic instability of smart structural cross-ply laminated cantilever plates with MFC layer using zigzag theory, Appl. Mathematical Mod (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/j.apm.2019.10.056 (in press).
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[16] A. Pandey, A. Arockiarajan, An experimental and theoretical fatigue study on macro fiber composite (MFC) under thermomechanical loadings, Eur. J. Mech. A-Solid (2017). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2017.06.005
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[21] Q. Jiao, Ji. Hongli, Q. Jinhao, The synergism of peak to peak value, frequency and superimposed DC bias voltage on electricfield- induced strain of PZT based-macro fiber composites, Ceram. Int. 45, 22067-22077 (2019).
[22] K. Steiger, P. Mokrý, Finite element analysis of the macro fiber composite actuator: macroscopic elastic and piezoelectric properties and active control thereof by means of negative capacitance shunt circuit, IOP Publishing, Smart Mater. Struct. 24, 025026 (2015).
[23] S. Sreenivasa Prasath, A. Arockiarajan, Effective electromechanical response of macro-fiber composite (MFC): Analytical and numerical models, Int. J. Mech. Sci. 77, 98-106 (2013).
[24] Z. Abas, H.S. Kim, L. Zhai, J. Kim, Finite element analysis of vibration driven electro-active paper energy harvester with experimental verification, Adv. Mech. Eng. 22, 1-9 (2015).
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[27] M.P. Saravanan, K. Marimuthu, P. Sivaprakasam, Modeling and analysis of dynamic structure with macro fiber composite for energy harvesting, Mater. Today-Proc. (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.390, 2214-7853 (in press).
[28] Smart-Material Corporation, MFC Datasheet, https://www.smart-material.com/Datasheets.html [29] A. Pandey, A. Arockiarajan, Actuation performance of macro-fiber composite (MFC): Modeling and experimental studies, Sensor. Actuat. A-Phy. 248, 114-129 (2016).
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Authors and Affiliations

M.P. Saravanan
1
ORCID: ORCID
K. Marimuthu
2
ORCID: ORCID
K. Jayabal
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Mohamed Sathak AJ College of Engineering, Chennai, India
  2. Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India
  3. Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kancheepuram, Chennai, India
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Abstract

This article presents results of the numerical analysis of the interaction between heavy caterpillar tracks system and subsoil. The main goal of the article is to present an algorithm to design working platforms - temporary structures enabling the work of heavy construction equipment on weak subsoils. A semi-analytical method is based on the results of the numerical analysis performed with use of the finite element method (FE software ZSoil.PC [12]). The calculations were carried out for the piling rig machine - Bauer BH20H (BT60). Three ground models were adopted: Model 1: one layer - weak cohesive soil (clay); Model 2: two layers: weak cohesive soil (clay) and cohesionless working platform (medium sand); Model 3: one layer: strong cohesionless subsoil (medium sand). The following problems were solved: I) entry of the machine on the ground with various geotechnical parameters under each caterpillar tracks II) detection of the maximum permissible angle of ground slope.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Urbański
M. Richter
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Abstract

This paper concerns load testing of typical bridge structures performed prior to operation. In-situ tests of a twospan post-tensioned bridge loaded with three vehicles of 38-ton mass each formed the input of this study. On the basis of the results of these measurements an advanced FEM model of the structure was developed for which the sensitivity analysis was performed for chosen uncertainty sources. Three uncorrelated random variables representing material uncertainties, imperfections of positioning and total mass of loading vehicles were indicated. Afterwards, two alternative FE models were created based on a fully parametrised geometry of the bridge, differing by a chosen global parameter – the skew angle of the structure. All three solid models were subjected to probabilistic analyses with the use of second-order Response Surface Method in order to define the features of structural response of the models. It was observed that both the ranges of expected deflections and their corresponding mean values decreased with an increase of the skewness of the bridge models. Meanwhile, the coefficient of variation and relative difference between the mean value and boundary quantiles of the ranges remain insensitive to the changes in the skew angle. Owing to this, a procedure was formulated to simplify the process of load testing design of typical bridges differing by a chosen global parameter. The procedure allows - if certain conditions are fulfilled - to perform probabilistic calculations only once and use the indicated probabilistic parameters in the design of other bridges for which calculations can be performed deterministically.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Owerko
Karol Winkelmann
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Abstract

A theoretical formula for large-diameter rock-socket depth is developed to support pail embedding in a large bridge pile foundation project. There is a horizontal additional stress concentration at the place where the soil around the rock-socketed pile meets the soil layer under the horizontal load. When the rock-socketed tip stress and bending moment of the pile are relatively small, the pile shows favourable embedment effect and the pile foundation can be considered safe. The function curve of soil resistance around the pile under the action of horizontal force was obtained by finite element analysis. The force characteristics reveal the depth of the largediameter rock-socketed pile under the horizontal load. As the rock-socketed pile rotates under the action of horizontal force, the rock mass resistance around the pile changes according to the cosine. The distribution of pileside soil resistance is proportional to the displacement and distributed according to the sine. A comprehensive correction coefficient of pile shaft resistance beta is introduced to deduce the theoretical formula of the depth r h of the large-diameter rock-socketed pile embedded in the bedrock. It is verified through both experiments and numerical analysis.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yanfeng F. Li
ORCID: ORCID
Jihe Zhao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ying Xiong
1
ORCID: ORCID
Qinghe Wang
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. DSc., School of Transportation Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
  2. Prof., PhD., School of Transportation Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
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Abstract

Under eccentric load, a single column pier bridge often overturns. In order to study the anti overturning performance of a single column pier bridge, taking the accident bridge in Wuxi as an example, a finite element model is established based on ABAQUS. According to the model simulation results, the relationship between the ultimate rotational load and overturning load of the accident bridge is obtained, and the ratio of the latter to the former is 1.75. Based on the model, the stress state, displacement state, and support state of the accident bridge under dead load, highway class I vehicle load, and accident vehicle load are obtained. Whether the strength and stability of the accident bridge under each load meet the service requirements is analyzed. In order to explore the differences among China, United States, and Japan specifications, the lateral stability of accident bridges is checked. It is found that the safety of the United States and Japan specifications is conservative, but the utilization rate of bridge traffic capacity is low. The safety of China specifications is slightly lower, but it can maximize the bridge’s traffic capacity and judge the ultimate overturning state of the bridge more accurately. The research results can provide technical references for the design and application of a single-column pier bridge.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yongcheng Ji
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wenchao Liu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wei Li
1
ORCID: ORCID
Pixiang Wang
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Northeast Forestry University, School of Civil Engineering, Al. Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
  2. Guangdong University of Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Al. Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Abstract

The structural damages can lead to structural failure if they are not identified at early stages. Different methods for detecting and locating the damages in structures have been always appealing to designers in the field. Due to direct relation between the stiffness, natural frequency, and mode shapes in the structure, the modal parameters could be used for the purpose of detecting and locating the damages in structures. In the current study, a new damage indicator named “DLI” is proposed, using the mode shapes and their derivatives. A finite element model of a beam is used, and the numerical model is validated against experimental data. The proposed index is investigated for two beams with different support conditions and the results are compared with those of two well-known indices – MSEBI and CDF. To show the capability and accuracy of the proposed index, the damages with low severity at various locations of the structures containing the elements near the supports were investigated. The results under noisy conditions are investigated by considering 3% and 5% noise on modal data. The results show a high level of accuracy of the proposed index for identifying the location of the damaged elements in beams.
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Bibliography

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[2] J.M. Dulieu-Barton, W.J. Staszewski, and K. Worden. Structural Damage Assessment Using Advanced Signal Processing Procedures: Proceedings of the International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures (DAMAS '97). Sheffield, England, 30 June - 2 July, 1997, Sheffield Academic Press, 1997,
[3] W. Xu, M. Cao, W. Ostachowicz, M. Radzieński, and N. Xia. Two-dimensional curvature mode shape method based on wavelets and Teager energy for damage detection in plates. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 347:266–278, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2015.02.038.
[4] D.V. Jauregui and C.R. Farrar. Damage identification algorithms applied to numerical modal data from a bridge. In: 14th International Modal Analysis Conference, Dearborn, USA, 12-15 February, 1996.
[5] N. Navabian, M. Bozorgnasab, R. Taghipour, and O. Yazdanpanah. Damage identification in plate-like structure using mode shape derivatives. Archive of Applied Mechanics, 86:819–830, 2016. doi: 10.1007/s00419-015-1064-x.
[6] N. Navabian, R. Taghipour, M. Bozorgnasab, and J. Ghasemi. Damage evaluation in plates using modal data and firefly optimisation algorithm. International Journal of Structural Engineering, 9(1):50-69, 2018. doi: 10.1504/IJSTRUCTE.2018.090750.
[7] M.M. Fayyadh, H.A. Razak, and Z. Ismail. Combined modal parameters-based index for damage identification in a beamlike structure: theoretical development and verification. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 11(3):587–609, 2011. doi: 0.1016/S1644-9665(12)60103-4.
[8] A. Tomaszewska and M. Szafrański. Study on applicability of two modal identification techniques in irrelevant cases. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 20:13, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s43452-020-0014-8.
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[12] C.R. Farrar, S.W. Doebling, and D.A. Nix. Vibration–based structural damage identification. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 359(1778):131–149, 2001. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2000.0717.
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[14] M.M. Fayyadh and H.A. Razak. Weighting method for modal parameter based damage detection algorithms. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 6(20):4816–4825, 2011.
[15] R.K. Behera, A. Pandey, and D.R. Parhi. Numerical and experimental verification of a method for prognosis of inclined edge crack in cantilever beam based on synthesis of mode shapes. Procedia Technology, 14:67–74, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.protcy.2014.08.010.
[16] S. Karimi, M. Bozorgnasab, R. Taghipour, and M. M. Alipour. A novel spring-based model for damage investigation of functionally graded beams. Journal of Solid Mechanics, 2021 (in print).
[17] S.S. Rao. The Finite Element Method in Engineering, 6th edition. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2018.
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[21] A. Esfandiari, F. Bakhtiari-Nejad, and A. Rahai. Theoretical and experimental structural damage diagnosis method using natural frequencies through an improved sensitivity equation. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 70:79–89, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2013.02.006.
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Authors and Affiliations

Reza Taghipour
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mina Roodgar Nashta
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohsen Bozorgnasab
2
ORCID: ORCID
Hessam Mirgolbabaei
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
  2. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
  3. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, United States of America.
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Abstract

The most important task in tests of resistance of aircraft structures to the terorist threats is to determine the vulnerability of thin-walled structures to the blast wave load. For obvious reasons, full-scale experimental investigations are carried out exceptionally. In such cases, numerical simulations are very important. They make it possible to tune model parameters, yielding proper correlation with experimental data. Basing on preliminary numerical analyses - experiment can be planned properly. The paper presents some results of dynamic simulations of finite element (FE) models of a medium-size aircraft fuselage. Modeling of C4 detonation is also discussed. Characteristics of the materials used in FE calculations were obtained experimentally. The paper describes also the investigation of sensitivity of results of an explicit dynamic study to FE model parameters in a typical fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem (detonation of a C4 explosive charge). Three cases of extent of the Eulerian mesh (the domain which contains air and a charge) were examined. Studies have shown very strong sensitivity of the results to chosen numerical models of materials, formulations of elements, assumed parameters etc. Studies confirm very strong necessity of the correlation of analysis results with experimental data. Without such a correlation, it is difficult to talk about the validation of results obtained from "explicit" codes.

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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Dacko
Jacek Toczyski

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