Search results

Filters

  • Journals
  • Authors
  • Keywords
  • Date
  • Type

Search results

Number of results: 5
items per page: 25 50 75
Sort by:
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to investigate the shear failure mechanisms in T-shape, single span and simply supported beams exclusively reinforced with longitudinal glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. Usually the critical shear crack in RC beams without stirrups develops through the theoretical compression strut reducing the shear strength following the shear failure. The main parameter affecting the crack pattern and the shear strength of the beams is the shear slenderness. However, the test results presented in the paper indicated the new arching effect due to the bond losing between the GFRP flexural reinforcement and concrete. This failure mode revealed unexpected critical crack pattern and failure mode. The research of concrete beams flexurally reinforced with GFRP bars without stirrups indicated two failure modes: typical shear-compression and a new one leading by the bond losing between the ordinary reinforcement and concrete.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

M. Kaszubska
R. Kotynia
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The aim of this paper is a comparative analysis of the experimental test results of twenty T-section beams reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars without stirrups with predicted values of the shear capacity according to the following design guidelines: draft Eurocode 2, Japanese JSCE, American ACI 440, Italian CNR- DT-203/2006, British BS according to fib Bulletin 40, Canadian CSA-S806-12 and ISIS-M03-07. Standard procedures for FRP reinforced beams based on traditional steel reinforced concrete guidelines. The longitudinal FRP reinforcement has been taken into account by its stiffness reduction related to the steel reinforcement. A basis of this modification is the assumption that the FRP-to-concrete bond behaviour is the same as it is for steel reinforcement. To assess the compatibility of predicted values (Vcal) with the experimental shear forces (Vtest) the safety coefficient η = Vtest / Vcal was used. The results corresponding to values η < 1 indicates overestimation of the shear capacity, but η > 1 means that shear load capacity is underestimated. The most conservative results of the calculated shear capacity are obtained from the ACI 440 standard. In contrast to them the best compatibility of the calculated shear values to the experimental ones indicated British BS standard, fib Bulletin 40 and Canadian CSA-S806-12 standard.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Monika Kaszubska
ORCID: ORCID
Renata Kotynia
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The paper studies the mechanical properties of glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRP) with various types and orientation of reinforcement. Analyzed specimens manufactured in the infusion process are made of polymer vinyl ester resin reinforced with glass fibres. Several samples were examined containing different plies and various fibres orientation [0, 90] or [+45, –45]. To assess the mechanical parameters of laminates, a series of experimental tests were carried out. The samples were subjected to the uniaxial tensile tests, which allowed us to obtain substitute parameters, such as modulus of elasticity or strength. After all, results from experiments were used to validate the numerical model. A computational model was developed employing ABAQUS software using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The analysis was performed to verify and compare the results obtained from numerical calculations with the experiments. Additionally, the following failure criteria were studied, based on the index of failure IF Maximum Stress, Maximum Strain, Tsai–Hill, and Tsai–Wu. The results confirmed the assumptions made for the footbridge's design purpose, which is made using examined material. Moreover, comparing the experimental and numerical results found that in the linear-elastic range of the material, they are consistent, and there is no significant difference in results.
Go to article

Bibliography


[1] H. Altenbach, J. Altenbach, and W. Kissing, Mechanics of Composite Structural Elements. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004.
[2] E. Barbero, J. Fernández-Sáez, and C. Navarro, “Statistical analysis of the mechanical properties of composite materials,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 375–381, Jul. 2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-8368(00)00027-5
[3] J. Chróścielewski, T. Ferenc, T. Mikulski, M. Miśkiewicz, and Ł. Pyrzowski, “Numerical modeling and experimental validation of full-scale segment to support design of novel GFRP footbridge,” Composite Structures, vol. 213, pp. 299–307, Apr. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.01.089
[4] P. Colombi and C. Poggi, “An experimental, analytical and numerical study of the static behavior of steel beams reinforced by pultruded CFRP strips,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 64–73, Jan. 2006. https://doi.org/.1016/j.compositesb.2005.03.002
[5] S. C. M. D’Aguiar and E. Parente Junior, “Local buckling and post-critical behavior of thin-walled composite channel section columns,” Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 15, no. 7, Jul. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78254884
[6] I. Danilov, “Some Aspects of CFRP Steel Structures Reinforcement in Civil Engineering,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 153, pp. 124–130, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.091
[7] J. Di, L. Cao, and J. Han, “Experimental Study on the Shear Behavior of GFRP–Concrete Composite Beam Connections,” Materials, vol. 13, no. 5, p. 1067, Feb. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13051067
[8] H. M. Elsanadedy, Y. A. Al-Salloum, S. H. Alsayed, and R. A. Iqbal, “Experimental and numerical investigation of size effects in FRP-wrapped concrete columns,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 29, pp. 56–72, Apr. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.10.025
[9] T. Ferenc, Ł. Pyrzowski, J. Chróścielewski, and T. Mikulski, “Sensitivity analysis in design process of sandwich U-shaped composite footbridge,” in Shell Structures: Theory and Applications Volume 4, CRC Press, pp. 413–416, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315166605-94
[10] R. Haj-Ali and H. Kilic, “Non-linear behavior of pultruded FRP composites,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 173–191, Apr. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-8368(02)00011-2
[11] M. Heshmati, R. Haghani, and M. Al-Emrani, “Environmental durability of adhesively bonded FRP/steel joints in civil engineering applications: State of the art,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 81, pp. 259–275, Nov. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.07.014
[12] K. Kaw, Mechanics of Composite Materials. CRC Press, 2005.
[13] M. Klasztorny, D. B. Nycz, R. K. Romanowski, P. Gotowicki, A. Kiczko, and D. Rudnik, “Effects of Operating Temperatures and Accelerated Environmental Ageing on the Mechanical Properties of a Glass-Vinylester Composite,” Mechanics of Composite Materials, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 335–350, Jul. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11029-017-9665-9
[14] I. Kreja, “A literature review on computational models for laminated composite and sandwich panels,” Open Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, Jan. 2011. https://doi.org/10.2478/s13531-011-0005-x
[15] S. Moy, “Advanced fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for civil engineering applications,” in Developments in Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Civil Engineering, Elsevier, pp. 177–204, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857098955.2.177
[16] J. N. Reddy, “Theory and Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates,” in Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 1–79, 1999.
[17] J. N. Reddy, “A Simple Higher-Order Theory for Laminated Composite Plates,” Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 745–752, Dec. 1984. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3167719
[18] M. Rostami, K. Sennah, and S. Hedjazi, “GFRP Bars Anchorage Resistance in a GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Bridge Barrier,” Materials, vol. 12, no. 15, p. 2485, Aug. 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12152485
[19] A. Sabik and I. Kreja, “Linear analysis of laminated multilayered plates with the application of zig-zag function,” Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 61–72, Jan. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1644-9665(12)60122-8
[20] P. P. Sankholkar, C. P. Pantelides, and T. A. Hales, “Confinement Model for Concrete Columns Reinforced with GFRP Spirals,” Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 22, no. 3, p. 04018007, Jun. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000843
[21] Wen and S. Yazdani, “Anisotropic damage model for woven fabric composites during tension–tension fatigue,” Composite Structures, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 127–131, Jan. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2007.01.003
[22] H. Xin, Y. Liu, A. S. Mosallam, J. He, and A. Du, “Evaluation on material behaviors of pultruded glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates,” Composite Structures, vol. 182, pp. 283–300, Dec. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.09.006
[23] H. Xin, A. Mosallam, Y. Liu, C. Wang, and Y. Zhang, “Analytical and experimental evaluation of flexural behavior of FRP pultruded composite profiles for bridge deck structural design,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 150, pp. 123–149, Sep. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.212
[24] J. E. Yetman, A. J. Sobey, J. I. R. Blake, and R. A. Shenoi, “Mechanical and fracture properties of glass vinylester interfaces,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 130, pp. 38–45, Dec. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.07.011
[25] S. Zhang, C. Caprani, and A. Heidarpour, “Influence of fibre orientation on pultruded GFRP material properties,” Composite Structures, vol. 204, pp. 368–377, Nov. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.07.104
[26] Determination of tensile properties of plastics. Part 1: General principles, Geneva, Switzerland, 1993.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Wiczenbach
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Ferenc
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The paper presents results of experimental tests carried out on concrete beams reinforced with glass fibre polymer reinforced (GFRP) bars, which have become recently one of the main substitutes for traditional steel reinforcement. GFRP bars were used in this research as the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. An objective of the study was to investigate the influence of the shear reinforcement ratio on the shear capacity of GFRP reinforced concrete beams in comparison with the corresponding beam without shear reinforcement. Single-span, simply-supported T-section beams reinforced in flexure with 5 GFRP bars of 25 mm diameter were reinforced in shear with closed GFRP stirrups of 8 mm diameter applied in three variable spacings: 250 mm, 200 mm and 120 mm. The analysis of test results, failure modes and shear capacity is discussed in the paper in respect to investigated parameters.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Damian Szczech
1
Renata Kotynia
1

  1. Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, al. Politechniki 6, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The paper presents research program of bond between glass fiber reinforced polymer bars and concrete in reference to the steel bars. Bond between the reinforcement and concrete is a crucial parameter governing a behaviour of reinforced concrete members and transferring of the internal forces from concrete to the reinforcement. The use of FRP bars as an equivalent reinforcement to steel in concrete structures has increased in recent years. The FRP bars are very different from steel, mainly due to much lower elasticity modulus and their anisotropic structure. Good performance of FRP reinforced concrete requires sufficient interfacial bond between bars and concrete. However, there are no specific standards referring to the surface preparation of these bars, that leads to variable bond behaviour of the composite reinforcement to the concrete. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of variable parameters on the bond behaviour to concrete. The experimental program consisted of eighteen beam bond specimens varying in: bar diameter (12 mm, 16 mm, 18 mm) and type of reinforcement (GFRP sand – coated and steel bars). Although the GFRP bars indicated good bond behaviour to concrete, the average bond strength was slightly lower than that of steel reinforcement of 16mm and 18 mm, while it was higher for the GFRP bars of 12 mm diameter.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

D. Szczech
R. Kotynia

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more