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Mapping Ghana by GMT and R scripting: advanced cartographic approaches to visualize correlations between the topography, climate and environmental setting

Polina Lemenkova
Advances in Geodesy and Geoinformation | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 1 | e16 | DOI: 10.24425/gac.2022.141169
Keywords geophysics mapping cartography R language GMT
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Abstract

The applications of the machine learning and programming approaches in cartography has been increasing in recent years. This paper presents a case study of the scripting techniques used for cartographic mapping using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) and R language (raster and tmaps packages). The aim of the study is environmental mapping of Ghana. The materials include high-resolution raster grids: topography by the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO), climate and environmental datasets (TerraClimate) and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for geomorphometric analysis (slope, aspect, hillshade and elevations). The methodology includes code snippets commented and explained with details of scripts. It is argued that using consolebased scripting tools for mapping is effective for cartographic workflow due to the logical structure and repeatability of scripts. The results include eight new thematic maps of Ghana performed using scripting approach inGMTscripting toolset and R language for quantitative and qualitative environmental assessment. Maps show correlations between the landforms of Ghana and certain environmental variables (drought index and soil moisture) showing the effects of the topographic relief on the distribution of the continuous geographic fields. These varied in several geographically distinct regions of Ghana: Ashanti (Kumasi), Volta, Savannah, coastal and northern regions. Demonstrated maps show that scripting method works effectively on a wide range of geosciences including environmental, topographic and climate studies. In such a way, this paper contributes both to the regional studies of Ghana and development of cartographic techniques.
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Authors and Affiliations

Polina Lemenkova
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

The visualization of geophysical and geomorphologic data from the area of Weddell Sea by the generic mapping tools

Polina Lemenkova
Studia Quaternaria | 2021 | vol. 38 | No 1 | 19-32 | DOI: 10.24425/sq.2020.133759
Keywords Weddell Sea Antarctic GMT cartography geophysics
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Abstract

The paper concerns GMT application for studies of the geophysical and geomorphological settings of the Weddell Sea. Its western part is occupied by the back-arc basin developed during geologic evolution of the Antarctic. The mapping presents geophysical settings reflecting tectonic formation of the region, glaciomarine sediment distribution and the bathymetry. The GlobSed grid highlighted the abnormally large thickness of sedimentary strata resulted from the long lasting sedimentation and great subsidence ratio. The sediment thickness indicated significant influx (>13,000m) in the southern segment. Values of 6,000–7,000 m along the peninsula indicate stability of the sediments influx. The northern end of the Filchner Trough shows increased sediment supply. The topography shows variability -7,160–4,763 m. The ridges in the northern segment and gravity anomalies (>75 mGal) show parallel lines stretching NW-SE (10°–45°W, 60°–67°S) which points at the effects of regional topography. The basin is dominated by the slightly negative gravity >-30 mGal. The geoid model shows a SW-NE trend with the lowest values <18 m in the south, the highest values >20m in the NE and along the Coats Land. The ripples in the north follow the geometry of the submarine ridges and channels proving correlation with topography and gravitational equipotential surface.
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Authors and Affiliations

Polina Lemenkova
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Natural Disasters, Anthropogenic Hazards and Seismicity of the Earth, Laboratory of Regional Geophysics and Natural Disasters, Bolshaya Gruzinskaya Str. 10, Bld. 1, Moscow, 123995, Russian Federation;

Geodynamic setting of Scotia Sea and its effects on geomorphology of South Sandwich Trench, Southern Ocean

Polina Lemenkova
Polish Polar Research | 2021 | vol. 42 | No 1 | 1-23 | DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2021.136510
Keywords South Atlantic Ocean Scotia Sea Plate deep-sea trench GMT geology cartography
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Abstract

The South Sandwich Trench located eastward of the Drake Passage in the Scotia Sea between Antarctica and South America is one of the least studied deep-sea trenches. Its geomorphological formation and present shape formed under the strong influence of the tectonic plate movements and various aspects of the geological setting, i.e., sediment thickness, faults, fracture zones and geologic lineaments. The aim of this paper is to link the geological and geophysical setting of the Scotia Sea with individual geomorphological features of the South Sandwich Trench in the context of the phenomena of its formation and evolution. Linking several datasets (GEBCO, ETOPO1, EGM96, GlobSed and marine freeair gravity raster grids, geological vector layers) highlights correlations between various factors affecting deep-sea trench formation and development, using the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) for cartographic mapping. The paper contributes to the regional studies of the submarine geomorphology in the Antarctic region with a technical application of the GMT cartographic scripting toolset.
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Authors and Affiliations

Polina Lemenkova
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences. Bolshaya Gruzinskaya St, 10, Bld. 1, Moscow, 123995, Russian Federation

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