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Gaseous Atmosphere During Gas Forming Tendency Measurements of the Selected Protective Coatings for Sand Moulds

J. Mocek
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2021 | vo. 21 | No 3 | 11-18 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.136107
Keywords Gas forming tendency oxygen hydrogen Carbon monoxide Protective coatings
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Abstract

Protective coatings have direct contacts with hot and liquid alloys. As the result of such contacts gases are emitted from coatings. Gas forming is a tendency of the tested material to emit gases under a temperature influence. In order to assess the gas forming tendency either direct or indirect methods are applied. In the hereby work, the measurements of the gas forming tendency were performed under laboratory conditions, by means of the developed indirect method. The research material constituted samples of six selected protective coatings dissolved either in alcohol or in water. These coatings are applied in sand moulds and cores for making cast iron castings. The assessment of their gas forming tendency was presented in relation to temperatures and heating times. The occurrence and changes of oxygen and hydrogen contents in gases outflowing from the measuring flask during tests, were measured by means of gas sensors. The process of the carbon monoxide (CO) emission during tests was also assessed. The following gas sensors were installed in flow-through micro chambers: for oxygen - lambda probe, for hydrogen – pellistor, for carbon monoxide - sensor (dedicated for CO) FIGARO TGS 822 TF. The results of direct CO measurements were recalculated according to the algorithm supplied by the producer of this sensor.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Mocek
1
  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Department of Moulding Materials, Mould Technology and Cast Non-Ferrous Metals, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

Effect of Reclaim Addition on the Mechanical and Technological Properties of Moulding Sands Based on Pro-Ecological Furfuryl Resin

J. Kamińska S. Puzio M. Angrecki A. Łoś
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2020 | vol. 65 | No 4 | 1425-1429 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2020.133709
Keywords loose self-hardening sands pro-ecological furfuryl resin environmental protection strength tests gas-forming tendency
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Abstract

Increasing demands are imposed on foundries to enforce the manufacture of castings characterized by tight dimensional tolerances, high surface finish and total absence of casting defects. To face these challenges, castings are increasingly made in loose self-hardening sands with furfuryl resin, commonly known as furan sands. In the group of self-hardening sands with synthetic resins, loose self-hardening sands with furfuryl resin enjoy the greatest popularity. The sand mixtures based on furan resins are usually subjected to mechanical reclamation. The consumption of binder and hardener and thus the cost of the sand depend on the quality of reclaim, and mainly on the dust removal degree.

The planned tightening of the environmental protection regulations in the EU countries, including limiting the content of free furfuryl alcohol in resins and reducing the emission of furfuryl alcohol, formaldehyde and BTEX compounds at workplaces, necessitated the development of a new generation of eco-friendly furfuryl resins that have recently appeared on the market.

The main aim of this article was to determine the effect of reclaim content on the sand parameters, such as bending strength, tensile strength, bench life, gas-forming tendency and loss on ignition. Tests were carried out with reclaim content in the sand mixture varying from 50 to 90%. The reclaim obtained by dry mechanical reclamation was supplied by one of the domestic foundries.

The results showed that the highest mechanical properties were obtained in sands containing 60% of the reclaim.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Kamińska
ORCID: ORCID
S. Puzio
ORCID: ORCID
M. Angrecki
ORCID: ORCID
A. Łoś

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