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Abstract

The article attempts to present the functioning of the Gdansk Library under the patronage of the Polish Academy of Sciences. As of 1 January 1955, the scientific department of the Municipal Library in Gdansk was taken over by the Polish Academy of Sciences, and the thus established separate institution received new statutes regulating the activity of the Library and the scope of the development of its collections. Until the four-hundredth anniversary of the Gdansk Library (the establishment of Bibliotheca Senatus Gedanensis), descriptions of the history of the Gdansk PAS Library were mainly based on reports drawn up by the heads of the institution. It is on their basis that one may trace the difficult space and storage and warehouse conditions in which employees of the Library carried out their statutory tasks, with the constantly growing collections and the increasing load of services. The paper also reports the scientific works of employees of the Library as well as the editorial activity of the institution, including works documenting the collections of the Library. An important way of familiarising the general public with knowledge on the Gdansk Library and its collections was through exhibitions and displays organized by employees of the information and special collections departments.
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Authors and Affiliations

Helena Dzienis
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. PAN Biblioteka Gdańska, Dział Zbiorów Specjalnych, Pracownia Numizmatów i Ekslibrisów
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Abstract

The bibliography includes printed matriculation albums of universities, registers of members of student fraternities and nationalities preserved in the holdings of the PAS Gdańsk Library. The matriculation albums are a valuable source of information in biographic, genealogical, cultural and social research. Due to their merits as important scientific tools they were edited and published as early as in the 19th century. The bibliography includes sources dated 1289–1944 from 59 towns and 14 European countries (listed in the article under the modern country names), the oldest of which is matriculation record of the University in Bologna, the last one is a list of Polish students of the Medical Department at University in Königsberg. The items in the catalogue are arranged according to the names of the mentioned towns (in the Polish version). Within the category of the towns the author enumerates the matriculation albums, registers of nationalities and student fraternities, as well as other kinds of records, all arranged in alphabetical order. The sources that were impossible to be allocated to any of the above mentioned groups were placed in the appendix.
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Authors and Affiliations

Stefania Sychta
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Abstract

The present Gdansk Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences is the second oldest, unbrokenly operating, publicly available library in today’s Poland. Even on the European scale there are only a few libraries that are of similar age or older. There are many works on the history of the Gdansk Library and its growing collection of books through the centuries. Apart from a brief look at history, this particular article focuses, however, on one other aspect – loans of special collections for exhibitions organized outside the Library by external institutions – the so-called “loan service”. Such modern transformation of an old institution indicates the power of the library and its custodians not only to engage in cultural preservation, but also fostering culture. We should see the special collections loan service in the same light – as reaching out to the public instead of waiting for the public to reach the library. This fact alone indicates a growing shift in the understanding of the library as a service provider. For the purposes of this article, the Gdansk Library has subjectively selected five of the most important and interesting examples of external exhibitions that have used its “special collections loan service” between 2011 and 2020.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wanda Pętlicka
Zofia Tylewska-Ostrowska
Anna Walczak
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Abstract

This paper attempts to look at the history of the Gdańsk bookery in the context of the metaphor used by Samuel Schelwig in 1677, describing the Library of the Gdańsk City Council as a memorial erected owing to the donations of the subsequent generations – people willing to secure gratitude from the future generations through their participation in this noble project. The text also shows this practice in earlier, 15th-century realizations as exemplified by the collections of St. Mary’s Church Library, and presents the role of the commemorative function for the implementation of the idea to establish the current Gdańsk PAN Library in 1596. Here, this event is shown as a natural consequence of the city authorities being presented with the monastery library belonging to St. Franciscan monks from Gdańsk and the collection of books of Giovanni Bernardino Bonifacio, as well as the Gdańsk elite’s efforts to secure an institution of memory for the city and educational back-up facilities for local schools.
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Bibliography

Index librorum qui ex donatione munificentia et liberalitate philomusorum Bibliothcae Magnifici et Amplissimi Senatus Gedanensis inserti sunt, PAN Biblioteka Gdańska, sygn. Cat. Bibl. 1.

Assmann A., Cultural memory and western civilization. Arts of memory, Cambridge 2011.
Brodnicki M., Athenae Gedanenses Ephraima Praetoriusa, Gdańsk, 2016.
Cieślak K., Kościół – cmentarzem. Sztuka nagrobna w Gdańsku (XV–XVIII), Gdańsk 1992.
Cubrzyńska-Leonarczyk, M., Proweniencja, [w:] Encyklopedia książki, t. 2, red. A. Żbikowska-Migoń, M. Skalska-Zlat, Wrocław 2017, s. 466a–467b.
Gmiterek H., Szymon Teofil Turnowski w obronie zgody sandomierskiej, „Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie Skłodowska Lublin” Polonia, Sectio F, t. 31/2 (1976), s. 13–40.
Günther O., Michael Krauses Gedenkbuch zur Geschichte des Danziger Franziskanerklosters (1574– 1586), „Mitteilungen des Westpreussischen Geschichtsvereins“, Jg. 2 (1903) Nr 4, s. 55–59.
Hirsch T., Die Ober-Pfarrkirche von St. Marien in Danzig, Th. 1–2, Danzig 1843.
Jaśniewicz A., Portrety Giovanniego Bernardino Bonifacio (1517–1597), [w:] Włochy w Gdańsku, t. 1: Eseje, red. M. Kaleciński, Gdańsk 2019, s. 139–151.
Krollmann C., Geschichte der Stadtbibliothek zu Königsberg. Mit einem Anhang: Katalog der Bibliothek des M. Johannes Poliander, Königsberg 1929.
Kubicki R., W trosce o zbawienie – testamenty kupców Gdańska i Elbląga z drugiej połowy XV i początku XVI w., „Rocznik Zachodniopomorski”, R. 31[40] (2016) z. 1, s. 111–128.
Lepacka A.M., Giovanni Bernardino Bonifacio i jego przyjaciel Basilius Amerbach. Kwestia portretu renesansowego, [w:] Między Italią a Rzeczpospolitą. Giovanni Bernardino Bonifacio d’Oria (1517– 1597 – perpetuus viator, red. A. Baliński, B. Gryzio, M. Michalska, Gdańsk 2019, s. 107–132.
Müller M.G., Między niemieckim konfesjonalizmem a polską tolerancją. Konflikty wyznaniowe między luteranami a ewangelikami reformowanymi w Gdańsku w drugiej połowie XVI wieku, [w:] Gdańsk protestancki w epoce nowożytnej. W 500-lecie wystąpienia Marcina Lutra, red. E. Kizik, S. Kościelak, Gdańsk 2017, s. 92–109.
Nowak Z., Kultura, nauka i sztuka w Gdańsku na przełomie dwóch epok [w:] Historia Gdańska, t. 2: 1454–1655, red. E. Cieślak, Gdańsk 1982, s. 352–402.
Nowak Z., Po starą księgę sięgam ze wzruszeniem, Gdańsk 2008.
Oliński P., Fundacje mieszczańskie w miastach pruskich w okresie średniowiecza i na progu czasów nowożytnych (Chełmno, Toruń, Elbląg, Gdańsk, Królewiec, Braniewo), Toruń 2018.
Rollau J., Przywilej dotyczący klasztoru Szarych Mnichów na Przedmieściu Gdańska [1555], przeł. M. Gaworska, [w:] Gdańskie Gimnazjum Akademickie, t. 5: Źródła i artykuły, red. L. Mokrzecki, M. Brodnicki, Gdańsk 2012, s. 19–20.
Schelwig S., O początkach biblioteki gdańskiej. List i rozprawa, tłum. Z. L. Pszczółkowska, Gdańsk 1992.
Schwartz F., Die Anfange der Danziger Stadtbibliothek, „Zentralblatt fur Bibliothekswesen“, Jg. 52 (1935) Heft 4.
Szteinke A.J. OFM, Rękopisy doby staropolskiej prowincji małopolskiej reformatów w Bibliotece Głównej Prowincji Franciszkanów-Reformatów w Krakowie, [w:] Piśmiennictwo zakonne w dobie staropolskiej, red. M. Kuran, K. Kaczor-Scheitler, M. Kuran, współpr. D. Szymczak, Łódź 2013, s. 15–25.
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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Gryzio
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Dział Zbiorów Specjalnych, PAN Biblioteka Gdańska, ul. Wałowa 15, 80-858 Gdańsk
  2. Szkoły Doktorskie Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, ul. Jana Bażyńskiego 8, 80-309 Gdańsk
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Abstract

This paper seeks to present the characteristic types of collectors’ marks with the coat of arms of Gdańsk on the historical bindings of books from the collections of the Gdańsk Library. The city’s coat of arms as adopted in 1457 did not undergo any changes in the subsequent centuries, although its graphic form did. Its various elements were transformed relatively frequently, which created a sequence of heraldic varieties. This concerned in particular the shape of the escutcheon, as well as the representation of the crosses and the crown. The images of the two lions supporting the escutcheon also underwent changes. We have managed to identify more than twenty different representations of the coat of arms from the 16th–18th centuries on the original bindings of the gradually extended collection of manuscripts and early printed books.
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Bibliography

Bogucka M., Gdańsk jako ośrodek produkcyjny w XIV–XVII wieku, Warszawa 1962.
Cubrzyńska-Leonarczyk M., Polskie superekslibrisy XVI–XVIII wieku w zbiorach Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Warszawie. Centuria druga, Warszawa 2001.
Dutkowski J., Suchanek A., Corpus nummorum Gedanensis, Gdańsk 2000.
Dzienis H., Katalog zbioru numizmatycznego Biblioteki Gdańskiej Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Wrocław– Warszawa–Kraków–Gdańsk–Łódź 1984.
Gumowski M., Herby miast polskich, Warszawa 1960.
Kopicki E., Katalog podstawowych typów monet i banknotów Polski oraz ziem historycznie z Polską związanych, t. 2: Monety ostatnich Jagiellonów, Stefana Batorego i Zygmunta III: 1506–1632, Warszawa 1976.
Sipayłło M., Polskie superexlibrisy XVI–XVIII wieku w zbiorach Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Warszawie. Warszawa 1988.
Wagner A., Superekslibris polski. Studium o kulturze bibliofilskiej i sztuce od średniowiecza do połowy XVII wieku, Toruń 2016.
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Authors and Affiliations

Helena Dzienis
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Dział Zbiorów Specjalnych, PAN Biblioteka Gdańska, ul. Wałowa 15, 80–858 Gdańsk
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Abstract

This paper discusses the individual book ownership marks used in the Gdańsk Library from the end of the 16th to the beginning of the 21st century. In the first two centuries of existence of the Library of the Council of the City of Gdańsk, three subsequent copperplate bookplates were used as ownership marks. Established in the beginning of the 19th century, the City Library in Gdańsk marked its collections with seals with eight (six pre-war and two post-war) different patterns changed over time; they were imprinted using ink. The founding of the Gdańsk Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in the mid-20th century resulted in the use of a further seven different seals.
Today, bookplates are no longer used to mark the collections of the Gdańsk Library. However, these ownership marks continue to be made to mark special occasions; some of them are described in this paper.
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Authors and Affiliations

Helena Dzienis
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Dział Zbiorów Specjalnych, PAN Biblioteka Gdańska, ul. Wałowa 15, 80-858 Gdańsk
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Abstract

On 9 April 1945, Polish authorities officially took over one of the most valuable library holdings in Europe collected at the Danziger Stadtbibliothek (previously Bibliotheca Senatus Gedanensis). The most important tasks included the protection of the building and the bringing back of the most valuable items which towards the end of the war were taken away from Gdansk. They were found in the cellars of the Old Town Hall, in the Malbork Castle, and in the Pelplin Seminary.
The team of devoted librarians headed by dr. Marian Pelczar, director, spent the first year of their work on the tidying of the interior of the building, cleaning and shelving the relocated book collections and safeguarding the abandoned libraries in Gdansk and in its vicinity. Despite the extremely difficult conditions, it was as early as on 22 June 1946 that the readers and Polish science were provided with access to the Library’s resources which, in particular as regards Polonica, to that date were little known to scholars, not only Polish ones.
The tasks of the reborn Municipal Library were determined in its Organisational Charter adopted by the College of the City Board on 25 April 1946. The facility had a double nature: it functioned both as an educational library (the centre of a network of public reading rooms and libraries) and a scientific library (which included an information and bibliography centre). These two directions of activity determined the history of the Library until the end of 1954, when its scientific department was taken over by the Polish Academy of Sciences, and the educational one was merged with the Provincial Library.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Pelczar
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Abstract

The article presents a selection of 15th century printed matters on the topic of broadly understood medicine, which are currently kept by the Gdansk PAS Library. They testify to the Gdansk culture in the area of the knowledge on health and hygiene in the 15th century and in a slightly later period. The majority of the said printed matters originate from the collections of Gdansk church libraries, while the presence of items of other origin (private owners) makes it possible to trace the road medical incunabula came to Gdansk to finally find their way to the resources of the Gdansk library.
The author of the article explains the modesty of the Gdansk medical literature resources with the fact that there was not a single university functioning in the city by the River Motlawa in the early modern period. The presence of this kind of incunabula in church libraries and private collections of books indicates that the knowledge they contained was applied for personal use rather than in professional medical practice, although some of the items in question originate from book collections belonging to doctors.
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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Gryzio
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. PAN Biblioteka Gdańska, Dział Zbiorów Specjalnych, Pracownia Starych Druków
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Abstract

Since 1987, the poets Teresa Ferenc and Zbigniew Jankowski have been gradually donating their substantial archives containing personal documents, diplomas and honourable mentions, photographs, hand-written versions of their published works, notes with ideas concerning changes to their works, correspondence, and press cuttings from the period between the 1940s until the beginning of the 21st century, to the collections of the Gdansk PAN Library. At the moment, the Manuscripts Workshop keeps about 600 manuscript accession units; the most recent materials date to 2016.
The extensive correspondence of both poets may become a source material for research into the history of Polish literature in Pomerania in the second half of the 20th century. It makes up one of the most sizeable epistolary materials in the letter collections kept by the Library. Among the correspondents of the Sopot poets there are names who have found a perpetual place in the canon of Polish literature, such as Anna Kamieńska, Tadeusz Różewicz, Wisława Szymborska and Fr. Jan Twardowski.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sabina Drożdziecka
1

  1. PAN Biblioteka Gdańska, Dział Zbiorów Specjalnych, Pracownia Rękopisów
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Abstract

For the Gdansk Library, participation in the Nights of Museums is an effective way of execution of its didactic and science-promoting goals defined in its mission. The interesting main themes, presentation of the library’s rich collections, as well as the involvement of the organisers and the participating staff members all translated into the success of the nine editions of the event between 2011 and 2019. Their subsequent main themes were: A night with Johannes Hevelius from the treasury of the Gdansk Library, Fashion for books – fashion in books, Horror in the library, The world of the library on one night, Taking a book to further than the horizon, The Library as a Garden, Gedanum domus nostra – Our home – Gdansk, In mari vita tua – In the sea is your life, Genius – on the 500th death anniversary of Leonardo da Vinci. During the past Night of Museums, visitors to the Library were most impressed by the displays in the Reading Room of Historical Collections. Such presentations are sometimes the only opportunity to have a close contact with valuable manuscripts, old printed books, prints, and other special collections, and to hear competent staff members talking about them. Regular attractions of the Night of Museums included displays referring to the theme of the event in the exhibition room and a sale of library publications in the hall of the historical building at ul. Wałowa 15. The subsequent organisers of the project, also in cooperation with other cultural institutions from the Tri-City, each time enriched the programme with fascinating talks, thematic workshops, and even concerts. During the subsequent editions of the Night of Museums, the Gdansk Library hosted an average of 670 visitors, which testifies to the value of this tool of promotion of the library.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Śliwa
1

  1. PAN Biblioteka Gdańska, Dział Nowej Książki
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Abstract

Gerhard Cimmermann (1541–1602), a Gdańsk councillor, donated 49 books to Bibliotheca Senatus Gedanensis (August 13th, 1598). The abbreviated descriptions of the donatory collection items were included on three pages in Index Librorum, the first catalogue of Bibliotheca Senatus Gedanensis. Fifteen books from the original collection have survived until the present day. The identification was based on the owner’s dedication note and bookplate attached to the books. Apparently, before donating his books, Gerhard Cimmermann ordered a special bookplate to mark his ownership. Cimmermann’s oval-shaped copperplate bookplate with the Polish Korab coat of arms in the centre has two letters, G and C, on both sides and the date: 1597 beneath the heraldic design. The article includes a list of the preserved books.
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Authors and Affiliations

Helena Dzienis
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Magnus Bruski (1886–1945) was ordained to the priesthood in 1913. Bruski’s whole life was strongly connected with Gdansk. His duties as a priest were manifold and comprised remaining the office of a parish priest at St. Nichola’s Church (1935–45) and a vicar general of the diocese of Gdańsk (1934–38). Bruski actively worked in the Free City of Gdańsk succumbed at that time to National Socialism. He was frequently criticised for popularising the knowledge about the Polish language among German clergymen. Bruski died of typhus on July 9th, 1945. The St. Nichola’s Church’s book collection including the private library of Magnus Bruski (75 items) was lucky enough to be preserved only thanks to support from the Dominican friars in 1945. The collection is now a part of the holdings of PAN Gdansk Library. It is now a testimony of their owner’s great need of personal development and his mission to prevent and reduce alcohol abuse in Gdańsk.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksander Baliński
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Abstract

The portrait of Heinrich Schwarzwald IV (1619–1672) was incorporated into the PAS Gdańsk Library’s collection back in 1832. Heinrich Schwarzwald IV was the founder of the book collection for the Petrischule in Gdańsk. The oil painting on canvas in a period frame with no signature was painted in the mid–1600s. Both the book collection and the portrait were actually donated to the school at St. Peter and Paul Church after the death of Heinrich Schwarzwald IV’s nephew, Heinrich Schwarzwald V, in 1708. For a long period of time the uncle’s merits were attributed to the nephew due to the same names. In 1860 Gotthilf Löschin identified the real founder of the above mentioned library. The article, in turn, settles down the matter of the identification of the portrayed person. The painting was presumably painted by Andreas Stech (1635–1697). The source data confirm the mutual contacts between the painter and Heinrich Schwarzwald IV. Before being donated to the library, the painting underwent an intensive and thorough restoration performed by Franz Joseph Manskirch in the 1820s.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krystyna Jackowska

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