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Abstract

The paper covers some measurement aspects of transport of electrons through metals and semiconductors in magnetic field – magnetotransport – allowing for the determination of electrical parameters characteristic of three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators (TI) (i.e. those that behave like an insulator inside their volume and have a conductive layer on their surface). A characteristic feature of the 3D TI is also a lack of differences between the chemical composition of the conductive surface and the interior of the material tested and the fact that the electron states for its surface conductivity are topologically protected. In particular, the methods of generating strong magnetic fields, obtaining low temperatures, creating electrical contacts with appropriate geometry were presented, and the measurement methods were reviewed. In addition, the results of magnetotransport measurements obtained for two volumetric samples based on the HgCdTe compound grown with the molecular beam epitaxy method are presented.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Śliż
1
ORCID: ORCID
Iwona Sankowska
2
Ewa Bobko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Eugeniusz Szeregij
1
Jakub Grendysa
1
Grzegorz Tomaka
1
Dariusz Żak
1
Dariusz Płoch
1
ORCID: ORCID
Agata Jasik
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Rzeszow, College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Physics, 1 Pigonia St., Rzeszow 35-959, Poland
  2. Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

In order to develop a PM BLDC motor control system, which will be tolerant of selected faults, simulation work was first performed and then verified on a universal test stand. The results were published in earlier works. The next stage of works was the implementation of previously developed algorithms on the target research test stand – in this case, the prototype vehicle. This last stage of the laboratory work has been presented in this article, i.e. it has been presented the results of experimental research related to the reproduction of rotor angle position, used after the detection of a rotor position sensor fault. A new test stand with the laboratory prototype of a vehicle with two PM BLDC motors is presented. A zeroth-order algorithm (ZOA) was used as a fault compensation method. The effectiveness and usefulness of the previously proposed methods have been confirmed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Skóra
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Abstract

A revision of the standard approach to characterization of thin-semiconductor-layer Hall samples has been proposed. Our results show that simple checking of I(V) curve linearity at room temperature might be insufficient for correct determination of bias conditions of a sample before measurements of Hall effect. It is caused by the nonlinear behaviour of electrical contact layers, which should be treated together with the tested layer a priori as a metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure. Our approach was examined with a Be-doped p-type InAs epitaxial layer, with four gold contacts. Despite using full high-quality photolithography a significant asymmetry in maximum differential resistance (Rd) values and positions relative to zero voltage (or current) value was observed for different contacts. This suggests that such characterization should be performed before each high-precision magneto-transport measurement in order to optimize the bias conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Kowalewski
Jarosław Wróbel
Jacek Boguski
Kinga Gorczyca
Piotr Martyniuk

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