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Number of results: 15
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Abstract

In this study, the magnetic properties and wave absorption characteristics of high entropy alloys are investigated. The high entropy alloys with FeNiMnCoCu, FeNiMnZnCo, and FeNiZnCoCu compositions were synthesized by the sol-gel method. After the sol-gel process, the annealing process and hydrogen reduction process was performed. FeNiMnCoCu and FeNiZnCoCu were revealed soft magnetic property. The saturation magnetization was 12 emu/g and 36 emu/g, respectively. And The coercive force was –45 Oe and –34 Oe, respectively. The high entropy alloy with these compositions was revealed wave absorption property at above 10 gigahertz frequency region. And it has shown the trend that wave absorption frequency has decreased with the sample thickness increasing.

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Authors and Affiliations

Suwon Yang
Jeong-Gon Kim
Kwang-Pil Jeong
Jin-Hyuk Choi
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Abstract

An equiatomic multi-component alloy Ni20Ti20Ta20Co20Cu20 (at. %) was obtained using vacuum arc melting. In order to characterize such an alloy, microstructure analysis has been performed using Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy, Electron Backscattered Diffraction, X-ray Diffraction and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy techniques. Microstructure analysis revealed the presence of one rhombohedral and two cubic phases. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy measurements revealed that both observed phases include five chemical elements in the structure. Using Rietveld refinement approach the lattice parameters were refined for the observed phases.

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Authors and Affiliations

K. Glowka
M. Zubko
P. Świec
K. Prusik
G. Dercz
D. Stróż
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Abstract

A new NiTi-based multi-component Ni35Ti35Ta10Co10Cu10 (at.%) alloy was obtained by vacuum arc melting. The microstructure of the alloy has been studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, backscatter electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction techniques. The performed measurements showed presence of two cubic and one tetragonal phases. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed that all the observed phases contained all five principal elements.

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Authors and Affiliations

K. Glowka
M. Zubko
P. Świec
K. Prusik
G. Dercz
E. Matyja
D. Stróż
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Abstract

Ballistic targets are multi-material assemblies that can be made of various materials, such as metal alloys, ceramics, and polymers. Their role is to provide collective or individual ballistic protection against high-speed dynamic penetrators or kinetic fragments. The paper presents the impact behavior with incendiary perforating bullets having 7.62 mm of ballistic packages made of combinations between Dyneema ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene and high entropy alloy from alloying system AlCoCrFeNi, by analyzing the dynamic phenomena (deformation, perforation) that take place at high speeds. The geometry evolution of the physical model subjected to numerical simulation allows a very good control over the discretization network and also allows the export for modeling to nonlinear transient phenomena. The results obtained by numerical simulation showed that the analyzed ballistic package does not allow sufficient protection for values of impact velocities over 500 m/sec.
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Authors and Affiliations

I. Voiculescu
1
ORCID: ORCID
V. Geanta
2
ORCID: ORCID
T. Chereches
3
ORCID: ORCID
P. Vizureanu
4
ORCID: ORCID
R. Stefanoiu
2
ORCID: ORCID
A. Rotariu
5
ORCID: ORCID
D. Mitrica
6
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Robotics, 060042 Splaiul Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania
  2. University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, 060042 Splaiul Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania
  3. UPS PILOR ARM, Laminorului Street, 2, Targoviste, Romania
  4. Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, 67, Dimitrie Mangeron Street, Romania
  5. Military Technical Academy Ferdinand I, 050141, George Cosbuc, 39-49, Bucharest, Romania
  6. National Research-Development Institute for Non-Ferrous and Rare Metals – IMNR, 077145, Biruintei, 102, Pantelimon, Romania
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Abstract

Initial investigations on oxidation behaviour and phase transformations of equimolar AlCoCrCuNi high entropy alloy with and without 1 at.% silicon addition during 24-hr exposure to air atmosphere at 1273 K was carried out in this work. After determining the oxidation kinetics of the samples by means of thermogravimetric analysis, the morphology, chemical and phase compositions of the oxidized alloys were determined by means of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Additional cross-section studies were performed using transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction. From all these investigations, it can be concluded that minor silicon addition improves the oxidation kinetics and hinders the formation of an additional FCC structure near the surface of the material.
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Authors and Affiliations

R. Gawel
1
Ł. Rogal
2
ORCID: ORCID
K. Przybylski
1
Kenji Matsuda
3

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Physical Chemistry and Modelling, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30 -059 Kraków, Poland
  2. Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials, 25 Reymonta Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
  3. University of Toyama, Faculty of Sustainable Design, Department of Materials Design and Engineering, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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Abstract

Azo dye is widely used in the textile industry since it is cost effective and simple to use. However, it becomes a continuous source of environmental pollution due to its carcinogenicity and toxicity. Various methods had been used to remove the azo dye in solution. One of the famous and frequently used is the Fenton process. The Fenton process is one of the advanced oxidation processes where iron catalysed hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl radical. Treating azo dyes in solution requires a catalyst to enhance the process of degradation. Herein, high entropy alloys (HEAs) have been proposed as a catalytic material to enhance the performance of Fenton process for azo dye degradation. HEAs have been reported as a promising catalyst due to its high surface area. The higher the number of active sites, the higher the rate of azo dye degradation as more active sites are available for adsorption of azo dyes. The results have shown that HEAs can be used as a catalyst to fasten the Fenton reaction since the degradation time is proven to be shorter in the presence of HEAs. The method derived from the result of this study will contribute in treating azo dyes for wastewater management in the Fenton process.
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Authors and Affiliations

N.H.A. Hassan
1
ORCID: ORCID
N.S.M. Nasir
1
ORCID: ORCID
S.N.A. Rahman
1
ORCID: ORCID
A.R. Irfan
2 3
ORCID: ORCID
N.H. Nordin
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. International Islamic University Malaysia, Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia
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Abstract

In this study, a molybdenum alloy with dispersed high-entropy particles was fabricated using the powder metallurgy method. The high-entropy powder, composed of Nb, Ta, V, W, and Zr elements with a same atomic fraction, was prepared via high-energy ball milling. Using this powder, an ideal core-shell powder, composed of high-entropy powder as core and Mo powder as shell, was synthesized via the milling and reduction processes. These processes enabled the realization of an ideal microstructure with the high-entropy phase uniformly dispersed in the Mo matrix. The sintered body was successfully fabricated via uniaxial compaction followed by pressureless sintering. The sintered body was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, and the high-entropy phase is uniformly dispersed in the Mo matrix.

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Authors and Affiliations

Won June Choi
CheonWoong Park
Jongmin Byun
ORCID: ORCID
Young Do Kim
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

CrCuFeNi2Tix high-entropy alloys (HEAs) (x = 0.1 ~ 0.7) are prepared and studied in this paper to investigate the effect of titanium on the microstructure, phase composition, and mechanical properties of the CrCuFeNi2Tix-based system. Microstructural studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the addition of titanium could induce the formation of a body-centered cubic lattice (BCC) and intermetallic compounds (Ni3Ti) of the CrCuFeNi2Tix-based system. The practical formation of the phases meet the theory of the atomic size difference δ, mixing enthalpy ΔHmix, mixing entropy ΔSmix, valence electron concentration (VEC), and electronegativity difference Δχ. Additionally, the tensile and hardness properties of the CrCuFeNi2Tix-based system are investigated in this study. Generally, CrCuFeNi2Tix HEAs show low stiffness and good flexibility in mechanical properties. When the x value is relatively small, the HEAs show good ductility in the tensile test, which is the result of a face-centered cubic lattice (FCC) in the phase composition at this stage; when the x value becomes larger, due to the formation of the intermetallic compounds Ni3Ti, the HEAs show high hardness
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Authors and Affiliations

Long Chen
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Northwestern Polytechnical University, The School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an, China
  2. Shenzhen University, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen, China
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Abstract

In this work, we have designed a new high entropy alloy containing lightweight elements, e.g., Al, Fe, Mn, Ti, Cu, Si by high energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering. The composition of Si was kept at 0.75 at% in this study. The results showed that the produced AlCuFeMnTiSi0.75 high entropy alloy was BCC structured. The evolution of BCC1 and BCC2 phases was observed with increasing the milling time up to 60 h. The spark plasma sintering treatment of milled compacts from 650-950°C showed the phase separation of BCC into BCC1 and BCC2. The density and strength of these developed high entropy alloys (95-98%, and 1000 HV) improved with milling time and were maximum at 850°C sintering temperature. The current work demonstrated desirable possibilities of Al-Si based high entropy alloys for substitution of traditional cast components at intermediate temperature applications.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Minsu Kim
1
Ashutosh Sharma
1
ORCID: ORCID
Myoung Jin Chae
1
Hansung Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID
Byungmin Ahn
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Ajou University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Energy Systems Research, 206 Worldcup-ro, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi, 16499, Korea
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Abstract

Oxide-dispersion-strengthened high-entropy alloys were produced by hot-pressing a ball-milled mixture of Y2O3 and atomized CoCrFeMnNi powder. The effect of milling duration on grain size reduction, oxide formation behavior, and the resulting mechanical properties of the alloys was studied. Both the alloy powder size and Y2O3 particle size decreased with milling time. Moreover, the alloy powder experienced severe plastic deformation, dramatically generating crystalline defects. As a result, the grain size was reduced to ~16.746 nm and in-situ second phases (e.g., MnO2 and σ phase) were formed at the defects. This increased the hardness of the alloys up to a certain level, although excessive amounts of in-situ second phases had the reverse effect.
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Bibliography

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[4] J .H. Kim, Y.S. Na, Met. Mater. Int. 25, 296-303 (2019).
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Authors and Affiliations

Yongwook Song
1
ORCID: ORCID
Daeyoung Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Seungjin Nam
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kee-Ahn Lee
2
ORCID: ORCID
Hyunjoo Choi
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Kookmin University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  2. Inha University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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Abstract

This study investigates the microstructures and the mechanical properties of equiatomic Ti20Mo20Ta20Nb20V20 and non-equiatomic Ti40Mo15Ta15Nb15V15 and Ti60Mo10Ta10Nb10V10 HEAs using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and micro-Vickers hardness test. The specimens were fabricated using the vacuum arc remelting (VAR) process and homogenized at a temperature of 1300°C for 4 h in a vacuum atmosphere. The determined thermodynamic parameters, Ω ≥ 1.1, δ ≤ 6.6%, and VEC < 6.87, suggested that the HEAs consisted of BCC solid solutions. XRD patterns of all the HEAs displayed single BCC phases. The difference in the solidification rate led to the micro-segregation associated with the elements Ta and Mo enriched in the dendrite arms and the elements V and Ti in the inter-dendritic regions. The HEA specimens showed a decrease in hardness with higher concentration of Ti element because the intrinsic hardness of Ti is lower as compared to the intrinsic hardness of Nb and Mo.

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Authors and Affiliations

Seongi Lee
Kwangmin Lee
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The aluminum composite with dispersed high entropy alloy were developed by stir casting involving the powder-in-tube method. First, Al0.5CoCrCuFeNi high entropy alloy (HEA) powder was made by mechanical alloying, and the powder was extruded in a tube-type aluminum container to form HEA precursor. The extruded HEA precursor was then dispersed in the aluminum matrix via stir casting. As a result, Fe-Cr-Ni based high-entropy phases was uniformly formed in the aluminum matrix, revealing ~158, 166, 235% enhancement of tensile strength by incorporating 1, 3, and 5 wt% HEA particles, respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

Min Sang Kim
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Han Sol Son
3
ORCID: ORCID
Gyeong Seok Joo
2
ORCID: ORCID
Young Do Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hyun Joo Choi
3
ORCID: ORCID
Se Hoon Kim
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Hanyang University, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  2. Korea Automotive Technology Institute, Metallic Material R&D Center, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
  3. Kookmin University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract

The present study investigated various thermodynamic parameters, microstructures and electrochemical behaviors of TiMoVCrZr and Ti-rich TiMoVCrZr high-entropy alloys (HEAs) prepared by vacuum arc remelting. The microstructures of the alloys were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and potentiodynamic polarization tests. The determined thermodynamic values of the Ω-parameter and the atomic size difference (δ) for the HEAs were determined to be in the range of Ω ≥ 1.1, and δ ≤ 6.6% with valance electron configuration (VEC) ≤ 5.0, suggesting the HEAs were effective at forming solid solutions. XRD patterns of the equiatomic Ti20Mo20V20Cr20Zr20 HEA revealed four phases consisting of the body centered cubic1 (BCC1), BCC2, hexagonal close-packed (HCP), and intermetallic compound Cr2Zr phases. Three phases were observed in the XRD patterns of Ti-rich Ti40Mo15V15Cr15Zr15 (BCC, HCP, and Cr2Zr) and a single BCC phase was observed in Ti-rich Ti60Mo10V10Cr10Zr10 HEAs. The backscattered-electron (BSE) images on the equiatomic Ti20Mo20V20Cr20Zr20 HEA revealed BCC and HCP phases with Cr2Zr precipitates, suggesting precipitation from the HCP solid solution during the cooling. The micro-segregation of Ti-rich Ti60Mo10V10Cr10Zr10 HEAs appeared to decrease remarkably. The alloying elements in the HEAs were locally present and no phase changes occurred even after additional HIP treatment. The lowest current density obtained in the polarization potential test of Ti-rich Ti40Mo15V15Cr15Zr15 HEA was 7.12×10–4 mA/cm2 was obtained. The studied TiMoVCrZr HEAs showed improved corrosion characteristics as compared to currently available joint replacement material such as ASTM F75 alloy.

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Authors and Affiliations

Hocheol Song
Seongi Lee
Kwangmin Lee
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

AlCrFeCuCoNi high entropy particles were alloyed on Ti-6Al-4V surface using Plasma transferred arc (PTA) process. PTA alloyed surfaces were investigated for their phase formation, microhardness improvement and wear behaviour. The various wear mechanism and their corresponding surface roughness were studied. The results revealed that the dual phase of BCC and FCC microstructure along with some intermetallic compounds were grown in the alloyed region through the PTA technique and good metallurgical bonding of the alloyed region with the base material were achieved. The PTA alloyed region exhibited a hardness of 718 HV0.2 which is 2.2 times higher than the hardness of base material. The PTA alloyed samples showed higher wear resistance due to the solid solution strengthening as the HEA has high entropy of mixing that leads to the reduction of free energy of the alloyed region. It exhibited better interconnection of the coated material and superior metallurgical bonding to the base material. Frictional heat produced during the wear test has promoted the formation of FeO, Cr2O3, CuO, NiO and Al2O3 oxide film on the PTA alloyed sample. These oxide films act as a barrier between two mating surfaces and improve the tribo performance of the PTA alloyed sample.
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Authors and Affiliations

G. Prabu
1
Muthukannan Duraiselvam
1

  1. National Institute of Technology, Department of Production Engineering, Tiruchirappalli, India
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Abstract

In this study, a non-equiatomic high entropy alloy was fabricated using the spark plasma sintering method, and its microstructural features and mechanical properties were investigated. The chemical composition of FeMnCoCr was determined by using the entropy calculation related to the design of high entropy alloys. A bulk sample with the same composition was also prepared using the conventional metallurgical processes of casting and hot rolling. The microstructures of the samples fabricated by these different processes were compared by microscope observation, and a quantitative phase analysis was carried out using FE-SEM. Hardness measurement was used to evaluate mechanical properties. Particular attention was paid to microstructural changes due to heat treatment, which was analyzed by considering how austenite stability is affected by grain refinement.

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Authors and Affiliations

Namhyuk Seo
ORCID: ORCID
Junhyub Jeon
ORCID: ORCID
Seunggyu Choi
Young Hoon Moon
In-Jin Shon
Seok-Jae Lee
ORCID: ORCID

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