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Geology and characteristics of epithermal gold mineralization at the Motongkad Prospect, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Muhmammad Adam Asri Jaya Musri Mawaleda Irzal Nur
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2024 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 213-232 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2024.149299
Keywords epithermal gold mineralization Motongkad Indonesia
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Abstract

In the Motongkad prospect, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, an epithermal gold mineralization occurred, hosted in andesitic-basaltic breccia, lava and tuff members the middle Miocene volcanic rock (Tmv). The Volcanic Rock is intruded by andesite dikes and contains fine quartz veins. Gold, silver, and pyrite found in the quartz veins.
This study consists of two main stages, field works and laboratory works. The field works were performed in whole area of the Motongkad prospect, where fresh and altered rock and mineralization samples were collected randomly, selectively, and systematically from outcrops as well as from a test pit. The laboratory works include petrography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), ore microscopy, and chemical analysis using the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) method.
The study area is arranged by three lithology units. Stratigraphically, the units are andesite rhyolite and tuff. The hydrothermal alteration in the study area are classified in five zones, namely: quartzsericite, quartz-sericite-clay, quartz-calcite-sericite-chlorite, quartz-calcite-sericite, and quartz-calcite- kaolinite. Motongkad prospect mineralization consists of two types, namely the vein type and the disseminated type. The ore minerals found in the Motongkad prospect are gold, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, covellite, chalcocite, bornite and tennantite. We conclude that gold mineralization and its associated minerals in the Motongkad prospect are hydrothermal mineralization with epithermal characteristics.
Based on the results of mineragraphic analysis, there are two types of gold-bearing minerals found, namely native gold minerals and electrum, which are generally hosted by pyrite. Based on the distribution map of alteration and mineralization that has been made, it is recommended that the company wish to conduct mining with the highest gold content in the quartz-sericite and quartz-sericite- clay alteration zones, which are in the range of 0.83–1.07 g/t.
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Authors and Affiliations

Muhmammad Adam
1
Asri Jaya
1
Musri Mawaleda
1
Irzal Nur
2
  1. Earth and Environmental Technology Study Program, Geological Engineering Department,Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Gowa, Indonesia
  2. Mining Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Gowa, Indonesia

The Impact of Fiscal Reform on Indonesian Macroeconomy: A CGE Framework

Herbert W.V. Hasudungan Sulthon S. Sabaruddin
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics | 2016 | No 3 | 181-202 | DOI: 10.24425/cejeme.2016.119194
Keywords fiscal tax rates subsidy rates Indonesia CGE analysis
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Abstract

This paper aims to investigate the impact of exogenous fiscal policies on the Indonesian main macroeconomic indicators and the implications on different institutions and sectors in the economy using the static Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) analysis. Three simulations are conducted in order to analyze the expansion of exogenous public spending. The results revealed that the increase of government expenditure on goods under the adjusted government deficit and balance of payment generates the highest improvement on Indonesian GDP but resulting an increase in government deficit. In contrast, under financing scheme of either lowering subsidy rates across activities or increasing the ad valorem tax rates would result in lower improvement on Indonesian GDP. This is because it directly escalates the cost of production and thus increases the prices of final goods purchased by the households which result in a fall in their real consumption and in turn eventually could lead to a decrease in national income.

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Authors and Affiliations

Herbert W.V. Hasudungan
Sulthon S. Sabaruddin

Dissecting the complexity of Cidanau watershed governance through payment environment services and non-payment environment services

Muh. S. Budiarto Ida Widianingsih Entang A. Muhtar Raden A. Buchari Herie Saksono
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2023 | No 59 | 164-173 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2023.147241
Keywords Cidanau Watershed Indonesia non-PES scheme PES watershed governance
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Abstract

The objective of this study is to examine the implementation of a combined scheme involving payment environment services (PES) and non-payment environment services (non-PES) in the management of the Cidanau River Basin. This study used exploratory research to analyse the structure and mechanism of PES and non-PES schemes for the governance system. The Cidanau Watershed governance is a pioneer in sustainable integrated water resources management in Indonesia and has persisted until the present time. The governance of the Cidanau Watershed is dynamic, resilient, and evolving in response to various changes in social and ecological systems. A bridging organisation like the Cidanau Watershed Communication Forum (Ind.: Forum Komunikasi DAS Cidanau – FKDC) requires legal standing to be visible and gain the trust of the public, especially when implementing a PES approach like the Cidanau River Basin, where service buyers utilise non-direct payment mechanisms. The challenging aspect of developing a PES scheme is empowering knowledge regarding the importance of soil and water preservation among upstream communities, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia, where upstream communities are predominantly composed of low-income farmers whose livelihoods depend on nature. The non-PES scheme represents the government’s mandatory responsibility, whereas the PES scheme presents public participation in active collaboration through the FKDC as an ad hoc institution. A combination of the non-PES and PES scheme approach can serve as a model and reference for similar river basin governance frameworks. Further research is needed regarding social networks and institutional development of sustainable watershed governance in the Cidanau River Basin.
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Authors and Affiliations

Muh. S. Budiarto
1 3
ORCID: ORCID
Ida Widianingsih
2
ORCID: ORCID
Entang A. Muhtar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Raden A. Buchari
2
ORCID: ORCID
Herie Saksono
4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Universitas Padjadjaran, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Jl. Bukit Dago Utara No. 25, 40135, Bandung, Indonesia
  2. Universitas Padjadjaran, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Center for Decentralisation and Participatory Development Research, Bandung, Indonesia
  3. Regional Development Planning Agency, Jl. Syeh Nawawi Al Banteni No. 1, 42171, Serang City, Indonesia
  4. National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia

Spatio-temporal variation of karst spring parameters for characterizing of the aquifer system of Watuputih Area, Indonesia

Taat Setiawan Boy Y.C.S.S. Syah Alam Eko Haryono Hendarmawan
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2020 | No 45 | 143-156 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2020.133056
Keywords flow system hydrochemical properties Indonesia karst aquifer spring variability
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Abstract

There are several springs with the large discharge around the Watuputih Karst Hills area that playing a crucial role in supplying water for both domestic and irrigation needs. The springs are located in the fault and fold zones of the Rembang anticlinorium system. This study was designed to determine the characteristics of karst aquifers from one year of monthly spatio-temporal data on discharge parameters and physico-chemical properties (temperature, pH, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3–) of the four major springs, namely Brubulan Tahunan, Sumbersemen, Brubulan Pesucen, and Sendang Sayuran. It used sta-tistical calculations to characterize spring discharge and hydrochemical variations, as well as bivariate correlation analysis and flow-duration curve (FDC). The variability index (Iv), variability (V), and spring coefficient of variation parameters (SCVP) classified Brubulan Tahunan and Sumbersemen as springs producing stable, fairly constant discharge with low variations but characterized Brubulan Pesucen as having unstable, varying discharge with moderate variations. The results showed gently sloping hydrograph, low variations in discharge and hydrochemical properties, a relatively prolonged re-sponse of discharge and CO2-H2O-CaCO3 interaction to rainfall, and slope changes in the FDC. In other terms, although the springs are controlled by faults and folds, they have diffuse groundwater storage system in the form of densely fractured and porous media. These findings also indicate a less developed interconnected conduit, although Brubulan Pesucen is relatively more developed than Sumbersemen and Brubulan Tahunan. The geological structure and hydraulic gradient formed between the groundwater recharge and discharge areas are proven to control the amount of spring discharge actively.

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Authors and Affiliations

Taat Setiawan
Boy Y.C.S.S. Syah Alam
Eko Haryono
Hendarmawan

Microplastics abundance in domestic wastewater as a pollutant source for the Daroy River, Indonesia

Mhd Fauzi Prayatni Soewondo Yeggi Darnas Marisa Handajani Teddy Tedjakusuma Muhammad Nizar Cut R. Muna Ansiha Nur
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2023 | No 59 | 118-125 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2023.147236
Keywords abundance Daroy River domestic wastewater Gampong Garot Indonesia microplastics
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Abstract

Domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia is directly discharged to the Daroy River without any treatment process. Domestic wastewater from Gampong Garot has been one of the contributors to microplastics contamination in the Daroy River. The microplastics (MPs) contained in domestic wastewater might come from used soaps and detergent products, as well as the scouring of clothes during washing. Thus, this study aims to investigate the abundance of MPs in domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot. The sampling points were determined based on purposive sampling, with samples taken at the end of the main pipe that directly leads to the Daroy River. Organics in domestic wastewater were removed using 30% H 2O 2 liquid through a digestion process at a temperature of 75°C. MPs characteristics such as size, shape, and colour were visually analysed using a light binocular microscope at 100× magnification, while the polymer type was analysed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The concentration of MPs in domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot was 30.238 ±1.228 particles∙(100 cm) –3 sample. The most common sizes of MPs were found to be in the range of 1,001–5,000 μm, while the dominant colour and shape were transparent and fibre-like. Polyester (PES) was the most detected type of MPs. These findings highlight the need for wastewater treatment before discharge into aquatic bodies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mhd Fauzi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Prayatni Soewondo
2
Yeggi Darnas
3
Marisa Handajani
2
Teddy Tedjakusuma
2
Muhammad Nizar
4
Cut R. Muna
3
Ansiha Nur
5
  1. Institut Teknologi Bandung, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Doctoral Student of Environmental Engineering, 10 Ganesa St, 40132, Bandung, Indonesia
  2. Institut Teknologi Bandung, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Water and Wastewater Engineering Research Group, Bandung, Indonesia
  3. Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Faculty of Science and Technology, Environmental Engineering Study Program, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  4. Universitas Serambi Mekkah, Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Study Program, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  5. Universitas Andalas, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Padang, Indonesia

Stakeholder engagement in a water user association for agricultural irrigation management in the villages in Indonesia

Rustinsyah Rustinsyah Ratna A. Prasetyo
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2019 | No 40
Keywords agricultural irrigation management, Indonesia, rural area, stakeholder engagement, water user association
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Authors and Affiliations

Rustinsyah Rustinsyah
Ratna A. Prasetyo

Assessment of agricultural drought based on CHIRPS data and SPI method over West Papua – Indonesia

Arif Faisol Indarto Indarto Elida Novita Budiyono Budiyono
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 52 | 44-52 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.139942
Keywords agricultural drought Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) data Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) method West Papua – Indonesia
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Abstract

This study aims to utilise Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) data and Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) method to assess agricultural drought in West Papua, Indonesia. The data used in this study is monthly CHIRPS data acquired from 1996 to 2019, daily precipitation data recorded from 1996 to 2019 from the five climatological stations in West Papua, Indonesia located at Sorong, Fakfak, Kaimana, Manokwari, and South Manokwari. 3-month SPI or quarterly SPI are used to assess agricultural drought, i.e., SPI January–March, SPI February–April, SPI March-May, SPI April–June, SPI May–July, SPI June–August, SPI July–September, SPI August–October, SPI September–November, and SPI October–December. The results showed that in 2019 agricultural drought in West Papua was moderately wet to severely dry. The most severely dry occurred in September– December periods. Generally, CHIRPS data and SPI methods have an acceptable accuracy in generating drought information in West Papua with an accuracy of 53% compared with climate data analysis. Besides, the SPI from CHIRPS data processing has a moderate correlation with climate data analysis with an average R2 = 0.51.
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Authors and Affiliations

Arif Faisol
1
ORCID: ORCID
Indarto Indarto
2
ORCID: ORCID
Elida Novita
2
Budiyono Budiyono
3
  1. University of Papua, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Jl. Gn. Salju, Manokwari, West Papua 98314, Indonesia
  2. University of Jember, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Jember, East Java, Indonesia
  3. University of Papua, Faculty of Agriculture, Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia

Modelling and dynamic water analysis for the ecosystem service in the Central Citarum watershed, Indonesia

Jaka Suryanta Irmadi Nahib Fadhlullah Ramadhani Farid Rifaie Nawa Suwedi Vicca Karolinoerita Destika Cahyana Fahmi Amhar Suprajaka Suprajaka
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2024 | No 60 | 122-137 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2024.149114
Keywords Citarum watershed Indonesia integrated valuation of ecosystem service and trade-offs (InVEST) multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) water demand water scarcity water supply
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Abstract

Exploring the drivers of changes in ecosystem services is crucial to maintain ecosystem functionality, especially in the diverse Central Citarum watershed. This study utilises the integrated valuation of ecosystem service and trade-offs (InVEST) model and multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model to examine ecosystem services patterns from 2006 to 2018. The InVEST is a hydrological model to calculate water availability and evaluate benefits provided by nature through simulating alterations in the amount of water yields driven by land use/cover changes. Economic, topographic, climate, and vegetation factors are considered, with an emphasis on their essential components. The presence of a geographical link between dependent and explanatory variables was investigated using a multiscale geographic weighted regression model. The MGWR model is employed to analyse spatial impacts. The integration of both models simplified the process and enhanced its understanding. The findings reveal the following patterns: 1) decreasing land cover and increasing ecosystem services demand in the watershed, along with a decline in water yield, e.g. certain sub-districts encounter water scarcity, while others have abundant water resources; 2) the impact of natural factors on water yield shifts along vegetation > climate > topography (2006) changes to climate > vegetation > topography (2018).
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Authors and Affiliations

Jaka Suryanta
1
ORCID: ORCID
Irmadi Nahib
1
ORCID: ORCID
Fadhlullah Ramadhani
2
ORCID: ORCID
Farid Rifaie
2
ORCID: ORCID
Nawa Suwedi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vicca Karolinoerita
2
ORCID: ORCID
Destika Cahyana
3
ORCID: ORCID
Fahmi Amhar
2
ORCID: ORCID
Suprajaka Suprajaka
4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Research Center for Limnology and Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor Km. 47 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
  2. Research Center for Geoinformatics, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
  3. Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor Km. 47, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
  4. Center for Research, Promotion and Cooperation, Geospatial Information Agency, Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia

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