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Abstract

This paper analyses the influence of three different ring-type inlet duct geometries on the performance of a small 1 MW backpressure steam turbine. It examines the efficiency and pressure drop of seven turbine variants, including four spiral inlet geometries and three stages with a mass flow rate around 30 t/h. A one-pipe and two-pipe inlets are analysed from aerodynamical point of view, taking into account stator and rotor blades in three stages without the outlet. An outlet is added to the best variant. Also analysed is the occurrence of vortices in the inlets of the studied variants 1–7 as well as the efficiency, drop pressure, turbine power and mass flow. Finally, the best inlet for a 1 MW steam turbine is suggested.
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Bibliography

[1] Bellucci J., Rubechin F., Arnone A.: Modeling partial admission in control stages of small steam turbines with CFD. In: Proc. ASME Turbo Expo, June 11-15 2018 Oslo, GT2018-76528, 2018.
[2] Lampart P., Szymaniak M., Rzadkowski R.: Unsteady load of partial admission control stage rotor of a large power steam turbine. In: Proc. ASME Turbo EXPO 2004, Power for Land, Sea and Air, June 14–17, 2004, Vienna, ASME GT-2004- 53886, 2004.
[3] Van den Braembussche R.A.: Flow and loss mechanisms in volutes of centrifugal pumps. Educational Notes. In: Design and Analysis of High Speed Pumps (12-1–12- 26). Educational Notes RTO-EN-AVT-143, Neuilly-sur-Seine, RTO, 2006 (available from: http://www.rto.nato.int/abstracts.asp).
[4] Drexler C.: Strömungsvorg ange und Verlustanteile in ungleichformig beaufschlagten Turbinenstufen. PhD thesis, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 1996. Computational fluid dynamics analysis of 1 MW steam turbine inlet geometries 55
[5] Traupel W.: Thermische Turbomaschinen (4th Edn.). Springer, 2001.
[6] Kovats A.: Effect of non-rotating passages on performance of centrifugal pumps and subsonic compressors. In: Proc. Winter Annual Meeting, New York 1979.
[7] Lüdtke K.: Centrifugal process compressors – radial vs. tangential suction nozzles. In: ASME Paper 85-GT-80, 1985.
[8] Sievert R.: Analyse der Einflussparameter auf die Strömung im Eintritt von Niederdruck-Dampfturbinen. PhD thesis, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum 2006 (in German).
[9] Maier W.: Inlet casing for a turbine. US Patent US5927943A, 1999.
[10] Škach R., Uher J.: Spiral Inlets for Steam Turbines. AIP Conf. Proc. 1889, 020038, 2017.
[11] Hecker S., Rohe A., Stoff H.: Steam turbine inlet geometry from a structural and fluid dynamics point of view. In: Proc. ASME Turbo Expo 2012, GT2012-68678, 2012, 487–495.
[12] Gao K., Wang C., Xie Y., Zhang D.: Effects of inlet chamber structure of the control stage on the unsteady aerodynamic force. In: Proc. ASME Turbo Expo, Oslo, June 11–15 2018, GT2018-76632, 2018.
[13] Engelmann D., Schram A., Polklas T., Mailch P.: Losses of steam admission in industrial steam turbines depending on geometrical parameters. In: Proc. ASME Turbo Expo, Dusseldorf – Oslo, June 16-20 2014, GT2014-25172, 2014.
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[15] Kietlinski K., Czerwinski P.: Retrofit of 18K370 steam turbine on the units 7–12 at Belchatow Power Plant. Arch. Energ. XLI(2011), 3-4, 77–96.
[16] Ansys CFX, Release 18.2.
[17] Ansys Meshing, Release 18.2
[18] Ansys TurboGrid, Release 18.2
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Authors and Affiliations

Arkadiusz Koprowski
1
Romuald Rzadkowski
1 2

  1. Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
  2. Air Force Institute of Technology, Ksiecia Bolesława 6, 01-494 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

The demand for castings of high quality and sound work is nowadays very high. The production of sound castings without foundry errors is the big issue in modern foundries. Foundry simulation software can do a lot to help improve the disposition of castings, gating system and feeder system, and assure good filling and solidification conditions, and also produce sound casting without the need of the old method of "try and error". One can easily change a lot of parameters for filling and solidification, and create the best proposal for production. Connor inlets have two functions. One is that it serves as an ingate, through which molten metal passes and comes into the mould cavity. The second function is that it serves as a feeder and substitutes the metal contracted during solidification and cooling of the castings. It can also save quite a lot of metal in comparison to classic feeders.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Fecko
I. Vasková
Ľ. Eperješi
M. Závodný
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Abstract

The theoretical analysis of the charge exchange process in a spark ignition engine has been presented. This process has significant impact on the effectiveness of engine operation because it is related to the necessity of overcoming the flow resistance, followed by the necessity of doing a work, so-called the charge exchange work. The flow resistance caused by the throttling valve is especially high during the part load operation. The open Atkinson-Miller cycle has been assumed as a model of processes taking place in the engine. Using fully variable inlet valve timing the A-M cycle can be realized according to two systems: system with late inlet valve closing and system with early inlet valve closing. The systems have been analysed individually and comparatively with the open Seiliger-Sabathe cycle which is a theoretical cycle for the classical throttle governing of the engine load. Benefits resulting from application of the systems with independent inlet valve control have been assessed on the basis of the selected parameters: fuel dose, cycle work, charge exchange work and a cycle efficiency. The use of the analysed systems to governing of the SI engine load will enable to eliminate a throttling valve from the system inlet and reduce the charge exchange work, especially within the range of part load operation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Żmudka
Stefan Postrzednik
Grzegorz Przybyła

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