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Abstract

This study aimed to identify bacterial pathogens in milk samples from dairy cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis as well as to assess the concentrations of oxidant-antioxidant parameters [malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total GSH levels] in both blood and milk samples. From a total of 200 dairy cows in 8 farms, 800 quarter milk samples obtained from each udder were tested in the laboratory for the presence of udder pathogens. Cultivated bacteria causing intramammary infection from milk samples were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF). In addition, from tested animals 60 cows were selected includıng 20 healthy cows that were CMT negative, 20 cows with subclinical mastitis (SM), and 20 cows with clinical mastitis (CM) for detection of MDA, GSH, and total GSH levels in blood and milk samples. Three hundred and eighty (47.5%; 380/800), 300 (37.5%; 300/800), and 120 (15%; 120/800) of milk samples, respectively were CMT positive or SM and CM, and those positives were cows from different farms. We observed that 87.4% (332/380), 25.3% (76/300), and 34.2% (41/120) of cows with CMT positive, CMT negative, and CM had bacterial growth. The most predominantly identified bacteria were Staphylococcus chromogenes (18.7%) obtained mainly from SM and Staphylococcus aureus (16.7%) as the most frequent cause of CM. According to our results, dairy cows with CM had the highest MDA levels, the lowest GSH, and total GSH levels in both blood and milk samples however, high MDA levels and low GSH levels in milk samples with SM were observed. Based on our results, lipid oxidant MDA and antioxidant GSH could be excellent biomarkers of cow’s milk for developing inflammation of the mammary gland. In addition, there was no link between nutrition and MDA and GSH levels.
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Authors and Affiliations

G. Ozbey
1
Z. Cambay
1
S. Yilmaz
2
O. Aytekin
1
F. Zigo
3
M. Ozçelik
1
B. Otlu
4

  1. Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Firat University, Rectorate Campus, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
  2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Rectorate Campus, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
  3. Department of Nutrition and Animal Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 04001, Slovakia
  4. Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Main Campus, 44280, Battalgazi, Malatya, Turkey
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Abstract

The study was carried out in Polish goat population to estimate the prevalence of the nasal cavity infection with various staphylococcal species including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), investigate the potential permissive role of small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection and determine the level of clonality of S. aureus nasal isolates. Nasal swabs and blood samples were collected from 1300 clinically healthy adult goats from 21 Polish goat herds. Blood samples were serologically screened for SRLV. Staphylococci were isolated from nasal swabs and identified using classical microbiological methods, MALDI-TOF, multiplex-PCR, and their clonality was assessed using PFGE. Antimicrobial resistance was determined on the basis of minimum inhibitory concentration and by demonstration of the presence of the mecA gene encoding the multiplex-PCR PBP2a protein and of the five main types of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec. The apparent prevalence of staphylococcal and S. aureus infection of the nasal cavity was 29.1% (CI 95%: 26.9%, 31.5%) and 7.3% (CI 95%: 6.1%, 8.8%), respectively. No relationship was found between the SRLV-infection and the presence of any staphylococcal species including S. aureus (p=0.143). Only 9.8% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and 5.9% to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. All tested isolates proved to be phenotypically and genotypically sensitive to methicillin, which yielded the apparent prevalence of MRSA of 0% (CI 95%: 0%, 7.0%). S. aureus isolates show high genetic similarity within goat herds, however vary considerably between herds. Goats do not appear to be an important source of S. aureus for humans in Poland.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Moroz
O. Szaluś-Jordanow
M. Czopowicz
K. Brodzik
V. Petroniec
E. Augustynowicz-Kopeć
A. Lutyńska
M. Roszczynko
A. Gołoś-Wójcicka
A. Korzeniowska-Kowal
A. Gamian
M. Mickiewicz
T. Frymus
H. Petelicka
J. Kaba
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Abstract

SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was used to study the effect of NaCl on protein expression in two cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Edkawi (salt-tolerant) and Castle rock (salt-sensitive). Five-day-old seedlings were grown on MS agar media supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 mM NaCl. Two days after treatment the seedlings were examined to determine the effect of salt on their growth and to relate that to protein banding variations. Gel analysis showed differences in at least 4 protein bands with molecular weights at 20, 25, 45 and 65 kDa. These proteins were induced in the 50 mM NaCl treatment in the salt-sensitive cultivar, then decreasing to undetectability at higher concentrations. In the salt-tolerant cultivar, most of the proteins exhibited a more or less steady expression pattern and maintained expression through the 200 mM NaCl treatment. All proteins gave weak or no expression signals at 300 mM NaCl, the treatment that proved lethal. Differentially expressed bands were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The putative function of each identified protein in relation to salt stress is discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Noha S. Khalifa

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