[1] Raabe, D., Ponge, D., Uggowitzer, P., Roscher, M., Paolantonio, M., Liu, C., Antrekowitsch, H., Kozeschnik, E., Seidmann, D., Gault, B., De Geuser, F., Dechamps, A., Hutchinson, C., Liu, C., Li, Z., Prangnell, P., Robson, J., Shanthraj, P., Vakili, S. & Pogatscher, S. (2022). Making sustainable aluminum by recycling scrap: The science of “dirty” alloys. Progress in Materials Science. 128, 1-150, 100947. DOI:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.100947.
[2] Jamaly, N., Haghdadi, N. & Phillion, A.B. (2015). Microstructure, macrosegregation, and thermal analysis of direct chill cast AA5182 aluminum alloy. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 24, 2067-2073. DOI: 10.1007/s11665-015-1480-7.
[3] Vieth, P., Borgert, T., Homberg, W. & Grundmeier, G. (2022). Assessment of mechanical and optical properties of Al 6060 alloy particles by removal of contaminants. Advanced Engineering Materials. 25(3), 2201081. DOI: 10.1002/adem.202201081.
[4] Wagstaff, R.S., Wagstaff, B.R. & Allanore, A. (2017). Tramp element accumulation and its effects on secondary phase particles. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. 1097-1103. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51541-0.
[5] Soo, V.K., Peeters, J., Paraskevas, D., Compston, P., Doolan, M. & Duflou, J.R. (2018). Sustainable aluminium recycling of end-of-life products: A joining techniques perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production. 178, 119-132. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.235.
[6] Al-Helal, K., Patel, J.B., Scamans, G.M. & Fan, Z. (2020). Direct chill casting and extrusion of AA6111 aluminum alloy formulated from taint tabor scrap. Materials. 13(24), 5740, 1-11. DOI: 10.3390/ma13245740.
[7] Graedel, T.E., Allwood, J., Birat, J.P., Buchert, M., Hagelüken, C., Reck, B.K., Sibley, S.F. & Sonnemann, G. (2011). What do we know about metal recycling rates? Journal of Industrial Ecology. 15(3), 355-366. DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00342.x.
[8] Silva, M.S., Barbosa, C., Acselrad, O. & Pereira, L.C. (2004). Effect of chemical composition variation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AA 6060 aluminum alloy. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 13, 129–134. DOI: 10.1361/10599490418307.
[9] Al-Helal, K., Lazaro-Nebreda, Patel, J. & Scamans, G. (2021). High-shear de-gassing and de-ironing of an aluminum. Recycling. 6 (66), 2-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00342.x.
[10] Zhang, L., Gao, J., Damoah, L.N.W. & Robertson, D.G. (2012). Removal of iron from aluminum: A review. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review. 33(2), 99-157. DOI: 10.1080/08827508.2010.542211.
[11] Zhang, L., Lv, X., Torgerson, A.T. & Long, M. (2011). Removal of impurity elements from molten aluminum: A review. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review. 32(3), 150-228. DOI: 10.1080/08827508. 2010.483396.
[12] Paraskevas, D., Kellens, K., Dewulf, W. & Duflou, J.R. (2015). Environmental modelling of aluminium recycling: A Life Cycle Assessment tool for sustainable metal management. Journal of Cleaner Production. 105, 357-370. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.102.
[13] Eskin, D.G., Savran, V.I. & Katgerman, L. (2005). Effects of melt temperature and casting speed on the structure and defect formation during direct-chill casting of an Al-Cu alloy. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 36, 1965-1976. DOI: 10.1007/s11661-005-0059-6.
[14] Nadella, R., Eskin, D.G., Du, Q. & Katgerman, L. (2008). Macrosegregation in direct-chill casting of aluminium alloys. Progress in Materials Science. 53(3), 421-480. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2007.10.001.
[15] Eskin, D.G. (2014). Mechanisms and Control of Macrosegregation in DC Casting. Light Metals 2014. 855-860. DOI: 10.1002/9781118888438.ch143.
[16] Mortensen, D., M’Hamdi, M., Ellingsen, K., Tveito, K., Pedersen, L. & Grasmo, G. (2014). Macrosegregation modelling of DC-casting including grain motion and surface exudation. Light Metals 2014. 867-872. DOI: 10.1002/9781118888438.ch145.
[17] Jolly, M., & Katgerman, L. (2022). Modelling of defects in aluminium cast products. Progress in materials science. 123, 1-39. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2021.100824
[18] Suyitno, Kool, W.H. & Katgerman, L. (2005). Hot tearing criteria evaluation for direct-chill casting of an Al-4.5 pct Cu alloy. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science. 36(6), 1537-1546. DOI: 10.1007/s11661-005-0245-6.
[19] Eskin, D.G., Zuidema, J., Savran, V.I. & Katgerman, L. (2004). Structure formation and macrosegregation under different process conditions during DC casting. Materials Science and Engineering A. 384(1-2), 232-244. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2004.05.066.
[20] Lalpoor, M., Eskin, D. G., Ruvalcaba, D., Fjær, H.G., Ten Cate, A., Ontijt, N. & Katgerman, L. (2011). Cold cracking in DC-cast high strength aluminum alloy ingots: An intrinsic problem intensified by casting process parameters. Materials Science and Engineering A. 528(6), 2831-2842. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2010.12.040.
[21] Grandfield, J.F., Eskin, D.G, Bainbridge, I.F. (2013). Direct-chill casting of light alloys. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. DOI: 10.1002/9781118690734.
[22] Wang, R., Zuo, Y., Zhu, Q., Liu, X. & Wang, J. (2022). Effect of temperature field on the porosity and mechanical properties of 2024 aluminum alloy prepared by direct chill casting with melt shearing. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 307, 117687. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec. 2022.117687.
[23] Barekar, N.S., Skalicky, I., Barbatti, C., Fan, Z. & Jarrett, M. (2021). Enhancement of chip breakability of aluminium alloys by controlling the solidification during direct chill casting. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 862, 158008. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158008.
[24] ASTM E112. (2010). Standard test methods for determining average grain size E112-10. ASTM E112-10. 96(2004), 1-27. DOI: 10.1520/E0112-10.
[25] Jones, S., Rao, A.K.P., Patel, J.B., Scamans, G.M. Fan, Z. (2012). Microstructural evolution in intensively melt sheared direct chill cast Al-alloys. In the 13th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys (ICAA13) 2013, (pp. 91-96). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48761-8_15.
[26] Suyitno, A., Eskin, D.G., Savran, V.I. & Katgerman, L. (2004). Effects of alloy composition and casting speed on structure formation and hot tearing during direct-chill casting of Al-Cu alloys. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 35 A(11), 3551-3561. DOI: 10.1007/s11661-004-0192-7.
[27] Turchin, A.N., Zuijderwijk, M., Pool, J., Eskin, D.G. & Katgerman, L. (2007). Feathery grain growth during solidification under forced flow conditions. Acta Materialia. 55(11), 3795-3801. DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.02.030.
[28] Liu, X., Zhu, Q., Jia, T., Zhao, Z., Cui, J. & Zuo, Y. (2020). As-cast structure and temperature field of direct-chill cast 2024 alloy ingot at different casting speeds. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 29(10), 6840-6848. DOI: 10.1007/s11665-020-05140-x.
[29] Tian L., Guo, Y., Li, J., Xia, F., Liang, M. & Bai, Y.(2018) Effects of solidification cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a cast Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni piston alloy. Materials. 11(7), 3-11. DOI: 10.3390/ma11071230.
[30] Suyitno. (2016). Effect of composition on the microporosity, microstructure, and macrostructure in the start-up direct-chill casting billet of Al-Cu alloys. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 11(2), 962-967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0192-7.
[31] Zhu, C., Zhao, Z. hao, Zhu, Q. feng, Wang, G. song, Zuo, Y. bo, & Qin, G. wu. (2022). Structures and macrosegregation of a 2024 aluminum alloy fabricated by direct chill casting with double cooling field. China Foundry. 19(1), 1-8. DOI: 10.1007/s41230-022-1030-5.
[32] Zheng, X., Dong, J. & Wang, S. (2018). Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr billet prepared by direct chill casting. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys. 6(1), 95-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2018.01.003.
[33] Arif, A.F.M., Akhtar, S.S. & Sheikh, A.K. (2009). Effect of Al-6063 billet quality on the service life of hot extrusion die: metallurgical and statistical investigation. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention. 9, 253-261. DOI: 10.1007/s11668-009-9231-4.
[34] Triantafyllidis, G.K., Kiligaridis, I., Zagkliveris, D.I., Orfanou, I., Spyridopoulou, S., Mitoudi-Vagourdi, E. & Semertzidou, S. (2015). Characterization of the A6060 Al alloy mainly by using the micro-hardness vickers test in order to optimize the industrial solutionizing conditions of the as-cast billets. Material. Science and Applications. 06(01), 86-94. DOI: 10.4236/msa.2015.61011.
[35] Asensio-Lozano J., Suárez-Peña, B. & Voort, G.F.V. (2014). Effect of processing steps on the mechanical properties and surface appearance of 6063 aluminium extruded products. Materials. 7(6), 4224-4242. DOI: 10.3390/ma7064224.
[36] Založnik, M. & Šarler, B. (2005). Modeling of macrosegregation in direct-chill casting of aluminum alloys: Estimating the influence of casting parameters. Materials Science and Engineering A. 413-414, 85-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2005.09.056.