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Abstract

The response of the Mi-1 gene to different densities of Meloidogyne incognita race 2 was investigated under controlled conditions. Susceptible and resistant tomato seedlings were inoculated with 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 1000, 2000, 5000 and 10000 second-stage juveniles of M. incognita. Plants were uprooted 8 weeks after inoculation and the numbers of egg masses and galls on the roots, and second-stage juveniles in 100 g soil per pot were counted. In susceptible plants, there was a correlation between the number of egg masses on roots until 2000 J2 inoculum densities. In resistant plants, when inoculum densities increased, the number of egg masses and galls also increased. The reproduction factor ratio was >1 in the susceptible plant and <1 in the resistant plant. The data showed that the 5000 J2 inoculum was a critical limit, and 10000 J2s were above threshold for resistant plants. The data indicate that densities of M. incognita can seriously affect the performance of the Mi-1 gene.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tevfik Özalp
İbrahim Mıstanoğlu
Zübeyir Devran
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Abstract

In Egypt, faba bean plants are severely damaged by charcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and root-knot, caused by Meloidogyne incognita. The current study was aimed to control these diseases using silver nanoparticles that were biologically synthesized from Moringa oleifera leaf extract. In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared with trisodium citrate as a reducing agent to produce chemo-AgNPs and, using an environmentally eco-friendly method, an aqueous extract of M. oleifera leaves under visible light radiation to produce bio-AgNPs. The obtained colloidal solutions of AgNPs were identified by UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectral analysis and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses. The antifungal and anti-nematode activities of chemo- and bio-AgNPs as well as an aqueous extract of M. oleifera leaves were checked in vitro against M. phaseolina and M. incognita. The obtained results showed that bio-AgNPs were more effective than chemo-AgNPs. Under greenhouse conditions, bio-AgNPs showed a significant reduction in the incidence of damping-off and charcoal rot caused by M. phaseolina. This treatment also reduced the number of juveniles in the soil, the number of galls and the number of egg-masses of M. incognita in comparison to plants treated with nematodes. Moreover, the protein profile using SDS-PAGE was performed for determining the effect of the studied treatments on the expression of some genes compared with untreated plants the alteration in gene expression led to the formation of different proteins and the loss of others. The proteins which were formed or lost caused a significant variation in all growth and physiological parameters such as photosynthetic pigments, proline content and antioxidant enzymes of faba bean plants.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yasser Mahmoud A. Mohamed
1
ORCID: ORCID
Samira A. Osman
2
Ibrahim E. Elshahawy
3
Gazeia M. Soliman
4
Aisha M.A. Ahmed
5

  1. Photochemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
  2. Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
  3. Plant Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
  4. Plant Pathology Department, Nematology Unit, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
  5. Botany Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

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