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Mapping of Slow Vertical Ground Movement Caused by Salt Cavern Convergence with Sentinel-1 Tops Data

Agnieszka Malinowska Artur Guzy Ryszard Hejmanowski Wojciech Tomasz Witkowski
Archives of Mining Sciences | 2018 | vol. 63 | No 2 | DOI: 10.24425/122453
Keywords SAR Interferometry DInSAR Sentinel 1 slow mining subsidence salt mine
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Abstract

The geodetic measurements optimization problem has played a crucial role in the mining areas affected by continuous ground movement. Such movements are most frequently measured with the classical geodetic methods such as levelling, tachymetry or GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). The measuring techniques are selected with respect to the dynamics of the studied phenomena, surface hazard degree, as well as the financial potential of the mining company. Land surface changes caused by underground exploitation are observed with some delay because of the mining and geological conditions of the deposit surroundings. This delay may be considerable in the case of salt deposits extraction due to slow convergence process, which implies ground subsidence maximum up to a few centimeters per year. Measuring of such displacements requires high precision instruments and methods. In the case of intensely developed urban areas, a high density benchmark network has to be provided. Therefore, the best solution supporting the monitoring of vertical ground displacements in the areas located above the salt deposits seems to be the Sentinel 1-A radar imaging satellite system. The main goal of the investigation was to verify if imaging radar from the Sentinel 1 mission could be applied to monitor of slow ground vertical movement above word heritage Wieliczka salt mine. The outcome of the analysis, which was based on DInSAR (Differential SAR Interferometry). technology, is the surface distribution of annual subsidence in the period of 2015-2016. The comparison of the results with levelling confirmed the high accuracy of satellite observations. What is significant, the studies allowed to identify areas with the greatest dynamics of vertical ground movements, also in the regions where classical surveying was not conducted. The investigation proved that with the use of Sentinel-1 images sub centimeters slow vertical movements could be obtained.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Malinowska
Artur Guzy
Ryszard Hejmanowski
Wojciech Tomasz Witkowski

Numerical Analysis of Buildings Located on the Edge of the Post-Mining Basin

Leszek Szojda Łukasz Kapusta
Archives of Mining Sciences | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 125-140 | DOI: 10.24425/ams.2023.144321
Keywords mining subsidence masonry structures numerical analysis post-mining areas
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Abstract

The rim of a post-exploitation basin is a particularly dangerous zone for buildings. This is due to the impact of mining on the nearby buildings, which persists even after exploitation activities are finished. The rim of the basin remains constantly deformed. This paper presents numerical analyses of buildings located in Marklowice (Silesian Voivodeship, Poland). They are located in an area that was exploited for mining, above the initial exploitation edge on the rim of the basin. The area of the analysed buildings was geodetically monitored during mining works. The results of the measurements allowed the observation of changes in terrain deformation indicators, together with the determination of the settlement’s final values after the operation was completed. Knowledge of the results enabled the preparation of numerical analyses of buildings with the use of the finite element method (FEM), the purpose of which was to determine the residual stresses in the structures after the end of the exploitation. The results are presented in the form of stress maps, which show changes in the internal forces in buildings left by mining operations. Specific examples are used. Two residential two-storey buildings were analysed; they were built using traditional brick methods, with a single-storey outbuilding. All of the analysed buildings are located in the mining commencement zone, in which the deformation of the surface has not faded away.
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Authors and Affiliations

Leszek Szojda
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Kapusta
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Silesian University of Technology, Department of Structural Engineering, Akademicka 5,44-100, Gliwice, Poland
  2. Kielce University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Geomatics and Renewable Energy, 7 Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego Av., 25-314 Kielce, Poland

Evaluation of the Elastic Model of a Building on a Curved Mining Ground Based on the Results of Geodetic Monitoring

Leszek Szojda Łukasz Kapusta
Archives of Mining Sciences | 2020 | vol. 65 | No 2 | 213-224 | DOI: 10.24425/ams.2020.133188
Keywords Mining subsidence ground curvature numerical analysis masonry structures
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Abstract

This article presents a comparison of the real amount of structural bending of a traditional residential building on curved mining ground with the bending results from an elastic model of the system: building + ground. Thanks to surveying measurements conducted during the exploitation front, the relationship between the curvature of the building and the curvature of the area in its direct vicinity was determined. The measurement work lasted one and a half years. Observation results collected in nature verify the deformation results of the modelled structure in the approach proposed by the guidelines for designing buildings in mining areas in Poland. Building Research Institute Instructions, Guidelines, Guidance 416 (2006) allows the adoption of an elastic model for the structure, and for the ground, it allows the adoption of linear elastic features characteristic of Winkler elastic ground. The main purpose of the work was to determine the overestimation of stress in the modelled building resulting from the use of a simplified, computational engineering approach.

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Authors and Affiliations

Leszek Szojda
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Kapusta
ORCID: ORCID

Numerical analysis of the influence of mining ground deformation on the structure of a masonry residential building

Leszek Szojda Łukasz Kapusta
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 243-257 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2021.138054
Keywords masonry structures numerical analysis mining subsidence ground curvature ground horizontal strain
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Abstract

The article presents numerical analysis of a typical residential building in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, which was erected in the early twentieth century and was not protected against mining ground deformations. The greatest impact of ground deformation on buildings are ground horizontal strain ε and ground curvature K. Numerical calculations included the building and the ground to take into account the effect of soilstructure interaction. The structure of the analysed building was made of masonry with wooden ceiling and roof elements. The ground was implemented as a layer 3.0m below the foundations and 3.0 m outside the building's projection. Construction loads are divided into two stages – permanent and functional loads as well as ground mining deformation. The maximum convex curvature K+ and the horizontal strain of the substrate ε+ were achieved in the 8th load step. The results of the analyses were presented in the form of stress and deformation maps. The most important results are the magnitude of the main tensile stresses σmax, which could to create cracks in the structure may occur after exceeding the tensile strength ft of the material. The presented method can be used to the analysis of endangered building objects by mining ground deformations.
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Authors and Affiliations

Leszek Szojda
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Kapusta
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Silesian University of Technology, Department of Structural Engineering, ul. Akademicka 5,44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  2. Kielce University of Technology, Department of Environmental, Geomatic and Energy Engineering, al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland

Evaluation of the influence of the glass fiber mesh on the deflection basin parameters of a flexible pavement located in the area of mining activity

Mateusz Kałuża Mirosław Kotasiński Joanna Bzówka
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 551-569 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145284
Keywords glass fiber mesh mining subsidence pavement reinforcement terrain subsidence FWD deflection basin parameters
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Abstract

Rehabilitation treatments applied to a local road prone to terrain subsidence from mining excavation should be designed considering cost-efficient and effective reinforcement solutions. In the analysed case, a glass-fibre mesh was applied under asphalt concrete layers in 2008, in one lane while another was left without the reinforcement. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the effectiveness of reinforcement by analysing the amount of produced on the pavement and the influence on pavement deflection. It was found that the reinforcement retracted the number of cracks, however, did not affect the bearing capacity. The influence of the applied geosynthetic was manifested in the values of the radius of curvature. The overall technical state of the road requires immediate treatment and the applied reinforcement proved obsolete because in this particular case of road located in the mining active terrain the glass fiber mesh did not prolong the life of the pavement.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mateusz Kałuża
Mirosław Kotasiński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Joanna Bzówka
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

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