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Number of results: 41
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Abstract

The paper presents the test results of molding compounds, sand casting molds and their analysis. The subject of testing was compound containing furan resins prepared according to the following recipe: matrix – regenerate 90% + fresh sand – 10%, furan resin – 1.10% by weight, hardener – 0.40% by weight. The impact of adhesive type and its quantity (Quan = 0.90, 1.1 and 1.5%) on the strength indexes of molding compound subject to densification was analyzed. The publication presents the test results: tensile strength Rm, compressive strength Rc and flexural strength Rg, as well as compound permeability as function of its density. The analysis also covers the impact of density level on mold strength and the distribution of density level along the mold height.

Based on the test results, it was found that the best method to obtain high strength molds made from compounds with chemical adhesives was to densify it by vibrating the system: match plate – molding flask – compound filling the mold. The effectiveness of this densification method depends on the amplitude and frequency of vibrations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ł. Petrus
A. Bulanowski
J. Kołakowski
ORCID: ORCID
M. Urbanowicz
J. Sobieraj
M. Jelonek
M. Brzeżański
ORCID: ORCID
J.S. Zych
K. Janerka
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Contribution gives an overview of knowledge about the method of centrifugal casting with orientate on Tekcast system. Company Tekcast

Industries has developed a device for centrifugal casting, extending the area of production of castings or prototyping of metal or plastic.

Materials suitable for the centrifugal casting with flexible operating parameters may include non-ferrous metal alloy based on zinc or

aluminum or non-metallic materials such as polyester resins, polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, waxes and the like. The casting process is

particularly suitable for a wide range of commercial castings and decorative objects.

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Authors and Affiliations

H. Mäsiar
L. Repka
P. Lipták
O. Híreš
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Abstract

The increasing needs of using aluminum epoxy composite as a replacement to solid metal rapid prototyping has opened to interests in optimizing its machining processes. This paper reported on the success of optimizing the surface roughness of aluminium epoxy composite using milling process along with a new finding on the best combination parameters. Taguchi method was used as the optimization method whereas spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut were set as input factors using an L9 Orthogonal Array. Analysis of Variance was used to identify the significant factors influencing the surface roughness. Experiment was conducted in dry condition using a vertical milling machine and the surface roughness after the machining was evaluated. Optimum combination of cutting parameters was identified after the finest surface roughness (response) based on the signal-to-noise ratio calculated. Cutting parameters selected after preliminary testing are cutting speeds of (2000, 3000 and 4000) rpm, feed rate (300, 400 and 500) mm/min, and cutting depth (0.15, 0.20, and 0.25) mm. The result showed that cutting speed had the largest percentage contribution to surface roughness with 69% and the second highest contribution was feed rate with 22% and depth of cut at 9%. The spindle speed was found as the most significant factor influencing the quality of surface roughness. The result is significant particularly in providing important guidelines for industries in selecting the right combination of parameters as well as to be cautious with the most significant factor affecting the milling process of metal epoxy composite.
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Authors and Affiliations

K.W. Leong
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Z. Shayfull
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
M. Fathullah
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
M.F. Omar
2
ORCID: ORCID
M.M.A. Abdullah
2
ORCID: ORCID
H. Radhwan
1 2
A.H. Mazlan
1
ORCID: ORCID
B. Jeż
3
ORCID: ORCID
M. Nabiałek
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Częstochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Department of Physics, 19 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
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Abstract

Lubrication and heat transfer control are two significant functions of mold fluxes. In order to coordinate the contradiction between lubrication and heat transfer, the effects of BaO and Li2O on basic characteristics of CaO-SiO2 based mold fluxes were studied by hemispherical melting temperature instrument, rotating cylinder method, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) in present study. The results show that the melting temperature and viscosity at 1300°C all represent a downward trend with BaO and Li2O enhancement at different basicity, and the break temperature decrease with BaO addition while decrease and then increase with Li2O addition, which illustrates that Li2O content should be no more than 0.8 wt% for the purpose of lubrication. Meanwhile, to ensure a sufficient thickness of the liquid slag film and avoid discontinuity of the liquid slag film, the BaO content is better to be 10 wt% with low melting temperature and viscosity. The main crystalline phase in the mold fluxes is cuspidine (3CaO·2SiO2·CaF2), and the crystallization ratio rises sharply when basicity increased to 1.65. For better deal with the contradiction of lubrication and heat transfer, the mold fluxes composition w(BaO) = 10 wt%, w(Li2O) = 0.8 wt%, R ≥1.65 is reasonable, which has a profound impact on high crystallization and lubricity mold fluxes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Haichuan Wang
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Guang-ye Sheng
1
ORCID: ORCID
Haijun Wang
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Hong-meng Liu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ting Wu
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Anhui University of Technology, School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui, Ma’anshan, 243032, China
  2. Anhui University of Technology, Key Laborator y of Metallurgical Emission Reduction & Resource Recycling (Ministry of Education), Anhui,Ma’anshan, 243002, China
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Abstract

Production of defect free castings requires good understanding of casting characteristics like mold filling ability and volume deficit characteristic. Pin test piece with cylindrical cores proposed by Engler and Ellerbrok was used to study the mold filling ability. Volume deficit characteristics experiments were conducted using the method designed by Engler. Alloy composition, Mold coat and Pouring temperature were considered as process parameters for the present study and experimental plan has been taken up through design of experiments. The alloy composition is most significant in influencing the mold filling ability, where as pouring temperature is for volume deficit. The Correlation Co-efficient value obtained is -0.98901 indicating strong a negative relation between mold filling ability and volume deficit characteristics. Negative values indicate a relationship between mold filling ability and volume deficit such that as values for mold filling ability increase, for volume deficit decrease.

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Authors and Affiliations

S. Santhi
S. Vadayar
S. Srinivasan
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Abstract

This article presents measurements of the thickness of alcohol-based coatings on sand foundry cores and moulds. These coatings were applied using two methods, the dipping method and the painting method. For the purposes of the study, a zircon alcohol-based coating was prepared with three different levels of nominal viscosity; very thin at 10s, average at 20s, and thick at 30s. The coating was applied to a core made of quartz sand and furan resin. The cores were made of sand with three different grain sizes; dL = 0.22 mm – fine sand, dL = 0.33 mm medium sand, and dL = 0.47 mm coarse sand. In the study, the thickness of the coating obtained to the core was measured immediately after application as well as after drying. Additionally, the extent of penetration into the intergranular spaces of the core matrix was measured. On the basis of this study, the impact of the grain size of the core matrix on the thickness of the coating and its penetration into the core was assessed. The thickness of coatings obtained using different application methods was also assessed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ł. Jamrozowicz
J. Kolczyk-Tylka
A. Siatko
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Abstract

Relatively cold die material comes into contact with the substantially higher temperature melt during the casting cycle, causing high thermal fluctuations resulting into the cyclic change of thermal field. The presented contribution is devoted to the assessment of the impact of temperature distribution on individual zones in the die volume. The evaluated parameter is the die temperature. It was monitored at two selected locations with the 1 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm spacing from the die cavity surface to the volume of cover die and ejector die. As a comparative parameter, the melt temperature in the middle of the runner above the measuring point and the melt temperature close to the die face were monitored. Overall, the temperature was monitored in 26 evaluation points. The measurement was performed using the Magmasoft simulation software. The input settings of the casting cycle in the simulation were identical to those in real operation. It was found, that the most heavily stressed die zones by temperature were within the 20 mm from the die face. Above this distance, the heat supplied by the melt passes gradually into the entire die mass without significant temperature fluctuations. To verify the impact of the die cooling on the thermal field, a tempering system was designed to ensure different heat dissipation conditions in individual locations. At the end of the contribution, the measures proposals to reduce the high change of thermal field of dies resulting from the design of the tempering channel are presented. These proposals will be experimentally verified in the following research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Majerník
M. Podařil
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Abstract

Work was done as a part of the project " New generation haulage system of highly productive longwall systems" aiming to develop and implement a new longwall shearer system called KOMTRACK. The widely used EICOTRACK feed system developed forty years ago is not adapted to modern longwall shearers' power. Within the project, an innovative, flexible feed system with a modular structure was created with the possibility of continuous adjustment to the carbon wall's unevenness. Newly-developed three cast steels variants have been initially selected to fabricate this system's elements. The material's final selection was realized based on the tensile tests, Charpy impact tests, Brinell hardness surveys, and wear resistance measurements. Results analysis allowed to select cast steel marked as "2", which fulfilled all requirements and was used in further casting trials.
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Bibliography

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[2] Pieczora, E., Zachura, A., Pirowski, Z., Pysz, S., Kurdziel, P., Żyła, P., Kotulski, W. (2015). Flextrack - innovative longwall shearer feed system. Part 1, Modern methods of coal and hard rock mining. Kraków: AGH University of Science and Technology. 185-194. ISBN 978-83-930353-5-9.
[3] Zachura, A., Pieczora, E., Pysz, S., Żuczek, R., Pirowski, Z., Kurdziel, P., Żyła, P., Kotulski, W. (2015). Flextrack - innovative longwall shearer feed system. Part 1, Modern methods of coal and hard rock mining. Kraków: AGH University of Science and Technology, 195-203. ISBN 978-83-930353-5-9.
[4] Pirowski, Z., Uhl, W., Jaśkowiec, K., Pysz, S., Gazda, A., Kotulski, W., Kurdziel, P., Zachura, A. (2015). Innovative FLEXTRACK feed system - selection of materials (casting al-loys), in: A. Klich, A. Kozieł: Innovative techniques and technologies for mining. Safety - Efficiency - Reliability - KOMTECH 2015, KOMAG Institute of Mining Technology, 223-236. ISBN 978-83-60708-90-3.
[5] Pysz, P., Żuczek, R., Pirowski, Z., Uhl, W., Kotulski, W., Żyła, P., Kurdziel, P., Zachura, A. (2015). Innovative FLEXTRACK feed system - development of the technology of making cast segments of the toothed elements and the guider, in: A. Klich, A. Kozieł: Innovative techniques and technologies for mining. Safety - Efficiency - Reliability - KOMTECH 2015, KOMAG Institute of Mining Technology, 237-249. ISBN 978-83-60708-90-3.
[6] Pirowski, Z., Uhl, W., Jaśkowiec, K., Krzak, I., Wójcicki, M., Gil, A., Kotulski, W., Kurdziel, P., Pieczora, E., Zachura, A. (2015). Innovative FLEXTRACK feed system - quality assessment of the manufactured prototype castings, in: A. Klich, A. Kozieł: Innovative techniques and technologies for mining. Safety - Efficiency - Reliability - KOM-TECH 2015, KOMAG Institute of Mining Technology, 250. ISBN 978-83-60708-90-3.
[7] Kalita, M. (2019). Designing process of a toothed segment of the KOMTRACK haulage system. New Trends in Production Engineering. 2(1), 121-129. https://doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2019-0013.
[8] Nieśpiałowski, K., Kalita, M., Rawicki, N, (2019). System for tensioning the toothed path of the longwall shearer's feed system, Scientific and Technical Conference: KOMTECH Innovative Mining Technologies – IMTech. [9] Pirowski, Z. (2015). Thermal Analysis in the Technological “Step” Test of H282 Nickel Alloy. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 15(1), 87-92. DOI: 10.1515/afe-2015-0016.
[10] Pirowski, Z., Warmuzek, M., Radzikowska, J. (2012). Test casting Inconel 740 alloy, 70th World Foundry Congress, 560-565.
[11] Rakoczy, Ł., Grudzień, M., Cygan, R. & Zielińska-Lipiec, A. (2018). Effect of cobalt aluminate content and pouring temperature on macrostructure, tensile strengh and creep rupture of Inconel 713C castings. Archives of Metallurgy and Meterials. 63(3), 1537-1545. https://doi.org/10.24425/123845.
[12] Pirowski, Z., Jaśkowiec, K., Tchórz, A., Krzak, I., Sobczak, J., Purgert, R. (2016). Technological conversion applicable for manufacturing elements from Nickel superalloy H282, 72nd World Foundry Congress, 223-224.
[13] Grudzień-Rakoczy, M., Rakoczy, Ł., Cygan, R., Kromka, F., Pirowski, Z. & Milkovic, O. (2020). Fabrication and characterization of the newly developed superalloys based on Inconel 740. Materials. 13, 2362. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fma13102362.
[14] Rakoczy, Ł., Grudzień-Rakoczy, M. & Cygan, R. (2019). The influence of shell mold composition on the as-cast macro-and micro-structure of thin-walled IN713C superalloy castings. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 28(7), 3974-3985. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-04098-9.
[15] Grudzień, M., Cygan, R., Pirowski, Z. & Rakoczy, Ł. (2018). Transactions of the Foundry Research Institute. 58, 39-45. https://dx.doi.org/10.7356/iod.2018.04.
[16] Pirowski, Z. & Gościański, (2013). Casting Alloys for Agricultural Tools Operating under the Harsh Conditions of Abrasive Wear. TEKA Commission of Motorization and Energetics in Agriculture. 13(1), 119-126 ISSN 1641-773.
[17] Pirowski, Z., Gwiżdż, A. & Kranc, M. (2012). Cast Agricultural Tools Operating in Soil. Tekhnika ta energetika APK. 170(1), 378-385. ISSN 2222-8618.
[18] Gościański, M. & Pirowski, Z. (2009). Construction and Technology of Production of Casted Shares for Rotating and Field Ploughs, TEKA Commission of Motorization and Energetics in Agriculture. - O.L. PAN, 9(9), 231-239. ISSN 1641-7739.
[19] Pirowski, Z., Olszyński, J., Turzyński, J. & Gościański, M. (2006). Elements of agricultural ma-chinery working in soil made of modern casting materials. Motrol. 8, 169-180. (in Polish).
[20] Pirowski, Z. (2014). Evaluation of High-temperature Physico-chemical Interactions Between the H282Alloy Melt and Ceramic Material of the Crucible. Archive of Foundry Engineering. 14(4), 83-90. https://doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0091.
[21] Wang, Z., Huang, B., Chen, H., Wang, CH. & Zhao, X. (2020). The Effect of Quenching and Partitioning Heat Treatmenton the Wear Resistance of Ductile Cast Iron Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 29, 4370-4378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-04871-1.
[22] Srinivasu, R., Sambasiva Rao A., Madhusudhan Reddy G., K. Srinivasa Rao, K. (2015). Friction stir surfacing of cast A356 aluminiumesilicon alloy with boron carbide and molybdenum disulphide powders. Defence Technology. 11(2), 140-146.
[23] Heldin, M., Heinrichs, J., Jacobson, S. (2021). On the critical roles of initial plastic deformation and material transfer on the sliding friction between metals. Wear. 477(Spec.203853). DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2021.203853, Published JUL 18.
[24] Grzesik, W., Zalisz, Z., Krol, S. & Nieslony, P. (2006). Investigations on friction and wear mechanisms of the PVD-TiAlN coated carbide in dry sliding against steels and cast iron. Wear. 261(11-12), 1191-1200.
[25] Holmberg, K., Matthews, A., Dowson, D. (Ed.) (1998). Coating Tribology. Properties, Techniques and Applications in Surface Engineering. Tribology Series. 28, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
[26] PN-88/H-83160; Wear-resistant cast steel - Grades. (in Polish). [27] NF A 32-058/1984: Produits de founderie aciers et fontes blanches moules resistant a l'usure par abrasion.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Wilk-Kołodziejczyk
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Z. Pirowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
M. Grudzień-Rakoczy
2
ORCID: ORCID
A. Bitka
2
ORCID: ORCID
K. Chrzan
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
  2. Łukasiewicz Research Network – Krakow Institute of Technology, 73 Zakopiańska Str., 30-418 Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The paper deals with the possibilities of influencing the final microstructure of aluminium alloy castings by changing the external conditions of crystallization and solidification. Aluminum alloys, especially Al-Si alloys, are nowadays one of the most used non-ferrous metal alloys, especially due to their mass application in the automotive field. It is in this industry that extreme emphasis is placed on the quality of cast parts with regard to safety. For this reason, a key production parameter is the mastery of the control of the resulting microstructure of the castings and the associated internal quality, which is subject to high demands defined by international standards. The aim of the experiment of this paper is to evaluate the effect of different preheating of the metal mould on the resulting structure and hardness of test castings made of AlSi7Mg0.3 material. The hardness measurement will be evaluated on a hardness tester. The parameter SDAS, Microporosity, Content of excluded eutectic will be evaluated. Dependencies will be found and plotted.
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Authors and Affiliations

F. Radkovský
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Gawronová
1
ORCID: ORCID
I. Kroupová
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Abstract

The article presents the results of permeability measurements of a zirconium alcohol coating applied on moulds and cores. The introduction extensively discusses the reasons for the application of protective coatings, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Also, the problems related to the application of protective coatings are presented i.e. limited permeability and thus the possibility of the presence of gas-originated defects in the casts. Next, the paper discusses the methods of measuring the permeability of protective coating proposed by Falęcki and Pacyniak. The study also presents an indirect permeability measurement method. For the investigations, zirconium alcohol coatings with the three conventional viscosities 10, 20 and 30s were used. The viscosity was determined by means of the Ford cup with the clearance of 4mm. The coatings were applied onto profiles of Φ 50 x 50 mm, made of moulding sand consisting of a sand matrix with the mean grain size of dL = 0,11, 17, 24, 31 and 34 mm and phenol-formaldehyde resin. The effect of the matrix grain size on the permeability of the sand with and without a coating was determined.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ł. Jamrozowicz
ORCID: ORCID
A. Siatko
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Abstract

In this work, the influence of plastic injection molding conditions, mainly plasticizing conditions: plasticizing pressure (back pressure) and decompression (suck-back) after dosing on weight, thickness, mechanical properties and structure of HDPE parts obtained by injection molding with the addition of chemical blowing agent was done. In order to enable the manufacturing of correctly made molded parts under given plasticizing conditions, other parameters (hold time and hold pressure, injection velocity and injection time) were also changed. It was found that making correct molded parts using decompression requires increased hold pressure and hold time. The share of the porous structure in the parts is inversely proportional to the decompression as well as the hold pressure and hold time, while the plasticizing pressure has little effect on thickness, mass, tensile strength and elongation at maximum force, however, it affects the structure of the molded parts to some extent.
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Authors and Affiliations

P. Palutkiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
P. Postawa
1
ORCID: ORCID
J. Wawrzyniak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Technology and Automation, 21 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
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Abstract

The paper deals with the possibility of the renovation of permanent steel molds for casting using electric arc welding technology. When casting liquid metal into permanent steel molds, there is chemical-thermo-mechanical wear of the surface of the mold cavity and the inlet system, which causes a deterioration of the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the casting. For this reason, it is necessary to renovate the steel mold after a certain casting interval - mold life. In this case, the technology of manual electric arc welding with a coated electrode was used for the renovation. The welding renovation aims to increase the service life of the mold using carbide hardfacing welds, which after welding achieve high mechanical properties of the renovated mold parts. Two types of hardfacing coated electrodes were used for welding, namely the OK Weartrode 55HD electrode and the OK Weartrode 50T electrode. Macroscopic analysis, tribological tests as well as the measurement of the hardness of the welded layers were performed to evaluate the quality and the friction coefficients of the additional materials used. The properties of hardfacing welds were compared with the properties of the basic material of the high-alloy steel mold. The main advantage is in addition to increasing the durability and longevity of the mold, also reducing the cost of mold renovation compared to other renovation technologies.
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Bibliography

[1] Jankura, D., (2013). Wear evaluation of renovation layers based on hardfacing (Hodnotenie opotrebenia renovačných vrstiev na báze tvrdonávarov). Transfer Inovácií. 26, 126-129.
[2] Moravec, J. et.al. (2018). Experimental casting of forging ingots from model maeriál. In 22nd Slovak_Polish Scientific Conference on Machine Modelling and Simulations, 5-8 September 2017 (article No. 05017). Sklene Teplice, Slovakia: Univerzity of Zilina.
[3] Moravec, J. et.al. (2001). F orming machines (Tvárniace stroje). Žilina: Edis, 2011, ISBN: 978-80-554-0446-2. (in Slovak).
[4] Ptáček, Luďek et. al. (2002). Materials science (Nauka o material II). Brno: Akademické nakaldatelství CERM, s.r.o, ISBN: 80-7204-248-3.
[5] Jhvar, S.; Paul, C.P.; Jain, N.K. (2013). Causes of failure and repairing optinos for diels and molds. A review. Engineering Failure Analysis 34, 519-535.
[6] Mician, M. et al. (2018). The Repair of Foundry Defects in Steel Castings Using Welding Technology. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 18(2), 177-180. DOI: 10.24425/122524.
[7] Chander, S., Chawla, V. (2017). Failure of forging dies an update prespective. Materials Today: Proceedings 4, 1147-1157
[8] Chan, C.; Wang, Y.; Ou, H.; He, Y.; Tang, X. (2014). A review on remanufacture of dies and moulds. Journal of Cleaner Production. 64, 13-23.
[9] Pliszka, I. et al. (2018). Surface improvement by wc-cu electro-spark coatings with laser modification. In: 10th conference on terotechnology, 18-19 October 2017 (pp. 237-242). Kielce, Poland: Kielce University of Technology.
[10] Pastircak, R., Scury, J. (2017). Effect of Pressure on Crystalization of AlSiMg Alloy. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 62 (4), 2193-2198. DOI: 10.1515/amm-2017-0323.
[11] Gucwa, M., Beczkowski, R. & Winczek, J. (2017). The effect of type of welding sequence during hardfacing chromium cast iron for erosion resistance. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 17(3), 51-54. DOI: 10.1515/afe-2017-0089.
[12] Bronček, J., Vicen, M., Fabian, P., Radek, N., 2020, Investigation of the tribological properties of the nitride layer on heat-treated steel 100Cr6, Lecture notes in mechanical engineering, 59th International Conference of Machine Design, 11-14 September 2018, (pp. 463-471). Žilina, Slovakia: University of Žilina.
[13] Mician, M. et al. (2020) Effect of the t(8/5) cooling time on the properties of S960MC steel in the HAZ of welded joints evaluated by thermal physical simulation. Metals. 10(2), 229. DOI: 10.3390/met10020229
[14] Winczek, J. et al. (2019). The Evaluation of the Wear mechanism of High-Carbon Hardfacing Layers. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 64 (3), 1111-1115. DOI: 10.24425/amm.2019.129502.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Šutka
1
R. Koňar
1
J. Moravec
1
L. Petričko
1

  1. Department of Technological Engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia
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Abstract

This study investigates the effects of repetitive injection molding on the properties of feedstock using the AISI 4140 feedstock. The properties of feedstock are evaluated from the mixing homogeneity of powder and binder, rheological properties, and dimensional accuracy of parts sintered. The feedstock after the 1st injection molding shows a better homogeneity than as-received feedstock due to re-mixing effects between the screw and barrel during the injection molding process. As the number of recycling numbers increases, the homogeneity, viscosities ad shrinkage ratio of recycled feedstocks show slight differences with those of the as-received feedstock until the 6th molding injection. However, some rheological parameters like the moldability index sharply increased up to the 4th injection but shows a tendency to decrease thereafter.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jin Man Jang
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
  2. Inha University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of manufacturing conditions on the mechanical properties and structure of ABS parts. Two sets of samples with the same geometric characteristics were produced by fused deposition modelling (FDM) and injection molding (IM). The molding pressure and cooling rate were found to have a significant effect on shaping the mechanical properties and structure of ABS products. The manufacturing method and adopted process parameters have a significant impact on the degree of packing of macromolecules in the volume of the product and thus determine its density. Selected mechanical properties were determined and compared with their specific gravity. The research was carried out using tools and machines, i.e. injection molds of unique design and standard measuring stations. Tensile and bending strengths and Young’s modulus were related to the density of products obtained under different process conditions and having gradient and solid structures. The results provide useful information for engineers designing products using FDM technology. Relating tensile and flexural strength and Young’s modulus to the specific gravity of the product. It was found that the value of product properties is closely related to various process conditions, which further provides a true description of the products.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Czyżewski
1
Dawid Marciniak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dariusz Sykutera
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Manufacturing Techniques, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology,Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Abstract

As a part of this work, an analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding the use of additive technology - binder jetting in the production of castings was made. The binder jetting (so-called 3D printing) has become the leading method of sand mold and core production. Within this paper types of molding and core sands with organic and inorganic binders that are and can be used in technology were analyzed. The need to carry out works aimed at developing pro-ecological molding / core sands with inorganic binders and organic binders with reduced harmfulness to the environment dedicated to binder jetting technology was noticed. The influence of technology parameters on the properties of molding / core sands and the properties of cast components was analyzed. It was shown that thanks to the unlimited shapes of the systems obtained with the use of additive technologies, it is possible to influence the rate of heat dissipation through the mold, which positively effects the process of solidification and crystallization of the castings.
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Bibliography

[1] Jandyal, A., Chaturvedi, I., Wazir, I., Raina, A. & Ul Haq, M.I. (2022). 3D printing – A review of processes, materials and applications in industry 4.0. Sustainable Operations and Computers. 3, 33-42. DOI: 0.1016/j.susoc.2021.09.004.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dawid Halejcio
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Major-Gabryś
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Foundry Engineering Department of Moulding Materials, Mould Technology and Non-ferrous Metals al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow
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Abstract

The shipment of cut flowers from Colombia and Ecuador to the United States, the biggest importer of this product in the world, has doubled in the last 20 years. One of the main constraints in cut roses production is the gray mold disease caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea, which can destroy the flowers, in the crop, during storage and/or shipping. Since the resistance of the fungus to conventional fungicides has been increasing, as well as the health effects in rose growers, alternative approaches for controlling the disease are needed. The effect of UV-C light on the gray mold development in cut roses was studied. Irradiation with 2,160; 1,080 and 540 J ⋅ m–2 UV-C, every 24 h for 5 days in a humid chamber, did not harm the roses. Instead, as seen by image analysis, a highly significant reduction of the area of the lesions by the disease and of the fungus germination was obtained at 1,080 J ⋅ m–2. The addition of a 4-h dark period to the irradiation did not improve the effect of UV-C on the disease. The results of this work potentiate the use of UV-C light in the agro-industry as a low-cost and non-invasive alternative method to control diseases. They also reflect the application of optical approaches as image analysis in the evaluation of important agricultural features.

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Authors and Affiliations

Katherine Vega
Samuel Ochoa
Luis F. Patiño
Jorge A. Herrera-Ramírez
Jorge A. Gómez
Jairo C. Quijano
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Abstract

In this study, the bio state of the alloy produced in the modified metal injection system was monitored after sintering. A new system operating with high gas pressure, far from the traditional injection model, has been established for material production. In this system, 316L stainless steel powders were molded using a PEG/PMMA/SA polymer recipe. During molding, approximately 60% 316L and 40% binder by volume were used. The samples obtained were sintered at different temperatures (1100-1300°C) after de-binding. Density measurement (Archimedes) and hardness tests (HV1) of the samples were measured as 6.74 g/cm3 and ~285 HV1, respectively. A potentiodynamic corrosion test was applied to monitor the effect of the amount of oxide in the structure of the 316L stainless steel produced. Corrosion tests were carried out in artificial body solutions. The corrosion rate was measured at the level of 17.08×10–3 mm/y. In terms of biocompatibility, a cytotoxicity test was applied to the samples and the life course of the bacteria was monitored. For the 316L alloys produced, the % vitality reached approximately 103%.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bünyamin Çiçek
1
Yavuz Sun
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Hitit University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Machine and Metal Technologies Department, Corum, Turkey
  2. Karabuk University, Engineering Faculty, Turkey
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Abstract

Disposable foundry models constitute an increasingly important role in a unitary large-size foundry. These models have many benefits, but technologies using such materials require an understanding of degradation kinetics at the time of filling. The studies presented in the article determine the size of the polystyrene combustion products used for disposable foundry models. The results were obtained by carrying out the combustion process of the polystyrene model in a special combustion chamber, in different configurations. The pressures generated during thermal degradation vary depending on process parameters such as model density or the use of an additional adhesive binder. The results of laboratory tests may suggest what values of pressure are generated when filling in full-mold and lost foam technologies. The studies provide a prelude to further analysis of materials used for disposable foundry models and quantitative evaluation of their thermal degradation products for computer simulation.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Jureczko
1 2
Dariusz Bartocha
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Foundry Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 7 Towarowa Str. 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  2. Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Str. 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

Sand molding casting has been widely used for a long time. But, one of its main drawbacks is that surface quality of the castings is not good enough for some applications. The purposes of this research were to investigate the effect of addition of sawdust ash of rubber wood (SARW) on molding sand properties and the surface quality of iron castings and to find an appropriate level of SARW with the appropriate properties of the iron castings. The molding sand compositions for making a sand mold consisted of the recycled molding sand, bentonite, water and SARW. The percentage levels of SARW were 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%. The different proportions of molding sand samples were investigated for the molding sand properties including permeability, compression strength and hardness. The results showed that addition of SARW had an effect on the molding sand properties. The appropriate percentage proportion of molding sand was obtained at 95.8% recycled molding sand, 0.8% bentonite, 3% water and 0.4% SARW. There were statistically significant differences of mean surface roughness and hardness values of the iron castings made from molding sand samples without SARW addition and the appropriate percentage proportion of molding sand. In addition, the average surface roughness value of the iron castings made from the sand mold with the appropriate percentage proportion of molding sand was ~40% lower than those of the iron castings made from molding sand samples without SARW addition.
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Authors and Affiliations

R. Khuengpukheiw
1
S. Veerapadungphol
1
V. Kunla
1
C. Saikaew
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Industrial Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
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Abstract

The European Commission's ambitious plan to reduce CO2 emissions has a significant impact on the global automotive industry. Recent development of new diesel and petrol engines with direct injection is aimed at improving fuel efficiency while maintaining (or enhancing) engine performance. This naturally also increases the demands on the properties of the most stressed engine components (e.g., cylinder heads, engine blocks, pistons), which leads to the development of new materials. Presented work analysed the effect of different mold temperatures (60; 120; 180 °C) on mechanical, physical properties and microstructure of AlSi5Cu2Mg aluminium alloy. This alloy is currently being used for the production of cylinder head castings. The results showed that the changing mold temperature had an effect on mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength and Young modulus values). SEM with EDX analysis of intermetallic phases revealed there were no size and morphology changes of Cu, Mg and Fe intermetallic phases when the mold temperature changed. No significant effect of different mold temperature on physical properties (thermal and electrical conductivity) and fracture mechanism occurred during experiment. Optimal combination of mechanical and physical properties of AlSi5Cu2Mg alloy was achieved using a permanent mold with temperature ranging from 120 to 180 °C.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

L. Širanec
1
ORCID: ORCID
D. Bolibruchová
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Chalupová
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Technological Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Slovakia
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Abstract

For the manufacture of near net shape complex titanium products, it is necessary to use investment casting process. Melting of titanium is promising to carry out by electron beam casting technology, which allows for specific processing of the melt, and accordingly control the structure and properties of castings of titanium alloys. However, the casting of titanium in ceramic molds is usually accompanied by a reaction of the melt with the mold. In this regard, the aim of the work was to study the interaction of titanium melt with ceramics of shell molds in the conditions of electron beam casting technology. Ceramic molds were made by using the following refractory materials – fused corundum Al2O3, zircon ZrSiO4 and yttria-stabilized zirconium oxide ZrO2, and ethyl silicate as a binder. Melting and casting of CP titanium was performed in an electron beam foundry. Samples were made from the obtained castings and electron microscopic metallography was performed. The presence and morphology of the altered structure, on the sample surface, were evaluated and the degree and nature of their interaction were determined. It was found that the molds with face layers of zirconium oxide (Z1) and zircon (ZS1) and backup layers of corundum showed the smallest interaction with the titanium melt. Corundum interacts with titanium to form a non-continuous reaction layer with thickness of 400-500 μm. For shell molds with face and backup layers of zircon on the surface of the castings, a reaction layer with thickness of 500-600 μm is formed. In addition, zirconium-silicon eutectic was detected in these layers.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Pavlo Kaliuzhnyi
M. Voron
1
O. Mykhnian
1
A. Tymoshenko
1
O. Neima
1
O. Iangol
1

  1. Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
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Abstract

Cu-2wt%Ag alloy with diameter of 10 mm was fabricated by induction heating directional solidification (IHDS). The effect of different mold temperatures on microstructure of IHDS Cu-2wt%Ag alloy was investigated. The results show that IHDS ­Cu-2wt%Ag alloy is mainly composed of coarse columnar grains at mold temperature of 1075°C. While the mold temperature is at 1100°C, 1150°C and 1200°C, respectively, the IHDS Cu-2wt%Ag alloy is composed of columnar grains and equiaxed grains and the number of grains increases. Meanwhile, the growth direction of columnar grains in the edge of alloys deviates from the direction of continuous casting to form “V” shape. While the mold temperature is controlled at high temperature, the induced current increases, which leads to the enhancement of eddy current in the mold. Therefore, the dendrites fall off to form new grains under the effect of eddy stirring, resulting in an increasing in the number of grains.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jihui Luo
Yangyang Li
Yanke Huang
Yuehao Huang
Yuling Zheng
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Abstract

For the first time, the mycophagous beetle Sericoderus lateralis (Gyllenhal, 1827) was documented feeding on tomato leaf mold ( Cladosporium fulvum Cooke, 1878) tissues. The phenomenon was observed during the years 2022 and 2023 in a hydroponic tomato greenhouse situated near the Czech-Polish border within the cadastre of Dolní Lutyně municipality in Czechia. Greenhouse and laboratory observations confirmed that adult and larvae feeding activity led to a reduction in tomato leaf mold lesions. In addition, there was a positive correlation between tomato leaf mold disease progression and increased populations of S. lateralis in the tomato crop. Petri dish observations confirmed egg laying occurred on a diet of tomato leaf mold. Further research is warranted to discern whether S. lateralis is a potential biological control agent for tomato leaf mold or if it acts to facilitate the spread of the disease by acting as a spore vector.
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Authors and Affiliations

Václav Psota
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jan Bezděk
2
ORCID: ORCID
Liam Harvey
3

  1. Production Greenhouse, Farma Bezdínek s.r.o., Czech Republic
  2. Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
  3. IPS Department, Biobest Group NV, Belgium

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