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Abstract

Objectives: Designing and printing out a 3D model of a mandible, including the teeth with replicated carious lesions, to be fitted into the Dental Patient Simulator. Students assessed the 3D teeth models against the extracted teeth and the standard models, identifying specific restorative dentistry procedures where they might be applied as the teaching aids.
Methods: A 3D tooth model was printed out against a patient’s Cone Beam Computed Tomography scan. The study was attended by 22, 5th-year students, who, having prior removed the caries, filled in the cavities of different classes and trepanned the pulp chamber in the 3D models, subsequently rating them against a questionnaire.
Results: Over 95% of students recommended introducing the 3D models into teaching conservative dentistry with endodontics at the pre-clinical stage to enhance manual skills in cavity preparation and filling. The replication of tissue hardness and anatomical characteristics in the 3D models was rated significantly higher, as compared to the standard ones (p <0.05). Over 90% of students also asserted that working on the 3D models would enhance their pulp chamber trepanation skills, and rated overall replication of the anatomical characteristics significantly higher, in comparison with the standard teeth models (p <0.05).
Conclusions: In pre-clinical education, the 3D teeth models offer a viable alternative, as there is an appreciable potential for different types of teeth to be printed out, in full consideration of their anatomical diversity. Further design refinements in the 3D teeth models are required, though, particularly the ones regarding true-to-life replication of the soft tissues.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Dobroś
1
Justyna Hajto-Bryk
1
Joanna Zarzecka
1

  1. Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The axial-radial flux type permanent magnet synchronous machine (ARFTPMSM) can adjust the main magnetic field by controlling the axial flux, so it can overcome the problem that the flux of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is difficult to adjust. Due to the existence of the axial device in the ARFTPMSM, the finite element method (FEM) is used to establish a three-dimensional model for analysis. By analyzing the magnetic density distribution of the rotor, it is found that there is a serious magnetic leakage phenomenon at both ends of the tangential permanent magnet. The rotor material at the end of the tangent permanent magnet is replaced by non-ferromagnetic material to reduce the magnetic leakage. On this basis, the influence of the width of the non-ferromagnetic material on the performance of the motor is compared. By Fourier decomposition of the back-EMF waveform, the total harmonic distortion (THD) rate of the back-EMF under different axial magnetomotive force (MMF) was calculated. Finally, the eddy current distribution and the eddy current loss of the rotor are analyzed, and the variation law of the eddy current loss is summarized. The conclusion can provide reference for the optimal design of the ARFTPMSM.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Hongbo Qiu
1
Shubo Zhang
1

  1. Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China
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Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) models created with computers and educational applications designed using such models are used in the medical field every day. However, there is a lack of macroscopic demonstration applications built with digital 3D models in the field of veterinary pathology. The aim is to build a fully interactive 3D educational web-based augmented reality application, to demonstrate macroscopic lesions in kidneys for educational purposes. We used open source and free software for all 3D modelling, Augmented Reality and website building. Sixteen 3D kidney pathology models were created. Kidney models modelled in 3D and published as WebAR are as follows: normal kidney, unilateral neurogenic shutdown with atrophy, hydronephrosis, hypercalcemia of malignancy tubular nephrosis, interstitial corticomedullary nephritis, renal infarct, multifocal petechial hemorrhages, polycystic kidneys, renal masses, multifocal nephritis, pigmentary nephrosis, papillary necrosis, glucose-related rapid autolysis (pulpy kidney), pyelonephritis, renomegaly and kidney stones. With the workflow shown here, it has been presented as a feasible model application for human pathology and presented to educators, researchers and developers who have 3D models and AR in their field of interest. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on Web-Augmented Reality application for veterinary pathology education.
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Bibliography


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Authors and Affiliations

H.T. Atmaca
1
O.S. Terzi
2

  1. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balikesir University, Cagis Yerleskesi, 10145, Balikesir, Turkey
  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ziraat Mahallesi Sehit Omer Halisdemir Bulvari, 06110, Altindag, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract

Computational intelligence (CI) can adopt/optimize important principles in the workflow of 3D printing. This article aims to examine to what extent the current possibilities for using CI in the development of 3D printing and reverse engineering are being used, and where there are still reserves in this area. Methodology: A literature review is followed by own research on CI-based solutions. Results: Two ANNs solving the most common problems are presented. Conclusions: CI can effectively support 3D printing and reverse engineering especially during the transition to Industry 4.0. Wider implementation of CI solutions can accelerate and integrate the development of innovative technologies based on 3D scanning, 3D printing, and reverse engineering. Analyzing data, gathering experience, and transforming it into knowledge can be done faster and more efficiently, but requires a conscious application and proper targeting.
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Authors and Affiliations

Izabela Rojek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dariusz Mikołajewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Joanna Nowak
2
ORCID: ORCID
Zbigniew Szczepański
2
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Macko
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Computer Science, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
  2. Faculty of Mechatronics, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Abstract

Shell and tube heat exchangers are commonly used in a wide range of practical engineering. The key issue in such a system is the heat exchange between the hot and cold working media. An increased cost of production of these devices has forced all manufacturing companies to reduce the total amount of used materials by better optimizing their construction. Numerous studies on the heat exchanger design codes have been carried out, basically focusing on the use of fully time-dependent partial differential equations for mass, momentum, and energy balance. They are very complex and time-consuming, especially when the designers want to have full information in a full 3D system. The paper presents the 1D mathematical model for analysis of the thermal performance of the counter-current heat exchanger comprised of mixed time-dependent and time-independent equations, solved by the upwind numerical solution method, which allows for a reduction in the CPU time for obtaining the proper solution. The comparison of numerical results obtained from an in-house program called Upwind Heat Exchanger Solver written in a Fortran code, with those derived using commercial software package ASPEN, and those obtained experimentally, shows very good agreement in terms of the temperature and pressure distribution predictions. The proposed method for fast designing calculations appears beneficial for other tube shapes and types of heat exchangers.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Kardaś
1
Izabela Wardach-Święcicka
1
Artur Grajewski
2

  1. The Szewalski Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland
  2. HEXONIC Sp. z o.o., Warszawska 50, 82-100 Nowy Dwór Gdanski, Poland
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Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the morphometric and volumetric features of the mandible in Van cats by using computed tomography (CT) and a three-dimensional (3D) software program. The study also aimed at presenting the biometrical differences of these mea- surements between genders. A total of 16 adult Van cats (8 males, 8 females) were used in the study. The cats were anesthetized using a ketamine-xylazine combination. They were then scanned using CT under anesthesia and their images were obtained. The scanned images of the mandible in each cat were used for the reconstruction of a 3D model by using the MIMICS 20.1 (The Materialise Group, Leuven, Belgium) software program. Later, morphometric (17 parame- ters), volumetric, and surface area measurements were conducted and statistical analyses were carried out. In our morphometric measurements, it was found that TLM (total length of the mandible), PCD (pogonion to coronoid process distance), CAP (length from the indenta- tion between the condyle process and angular process to pogonion), CAC (length from the inden- tation between the condyle process and the angular process to back of alveole C1), CML (length between C1 - M1), RAH (ramus height), MDM (mandible depth at M1), MHP (height of the mandible in front of P3), and ABC (angular process to back of alveole C1 distance) were greater in male cats; while MWM (mandible width at M1 level) was greater in female cats and was statistically significant (p<0.05). The length and height of the mandible were 6.36±2.42 cm and 3.01±1.81 cm in male cats, respectively. On the other hand, in female cats, the length and height of the mandible were 5.89±2.57 cm and 2.71±1.26 cm, respectively. The volume of the mandible was measured to be 7.39±0.93 cm3 in male cats and 5.40±0.49 cm3 in female cats. The surface areas were 63.50±5.27 cm2 in male cats and 52.73±3.89 cm2 in female cats. In con- clusion, in this study, basic morphometric parameters of the mandible in adult Van cats were found by using CT and a 3D modeling program. The differences between male and female cats were also determined in the study.
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Authors and Affiliations

O. Yilmaz
1
İ. Demircioglu
2

  1. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey
  2. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, 63200, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
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Abstract

Dokra casting is famous for its Artistic value to the world but it is also sophisticated engineering. The technique is almost 4500 years old. It is practiced by the tribal artisans of India. It is a clay moulded wax-based thin-walled investment casting technique where liquid metal was poured into the red hot mould. Dimensional accuracy is always preferable for consumers of any product. Distortion is one of the barriers to achieving the accurate dimension for this type of casting especially for the bending parts. The cause and nature of the distortion for this type of casting must be analyzed to design a product with nominal tolerance and dimensional accuracy.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Mandal
1
S. Roy
2
ORCID: ORCID
S. Sarkar
1
T. Mandal
3
A.K. Pramanick
2
G. Majumdar
1

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, India
  2. Metallurgical and Material Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, India
  3. Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, IIEST Shibpur, India
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Abstract

In order to the long-term stability of DSE for electroplating process, the lifetime equations were calculated from the results of the accelerated life testing, and the lifetime of DSE was predicted. The nano-embossing pre-treatment led to 2.65 times in the lifetime of DSE. The degradation mechanism of DSE with a thick metal oxide layer for applied highly current density process condition was identified. The improvement of durability of DSE seems to be closely related to adhesion between titanium plate and mixed metal oxide layer.
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[7] D.S. Kim, Y.S. Park, Electrode. J. Environ. Sci. Int. 27, 467 (2018).
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Authors and Affiliations

Sung Cheol Park
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Yeon Jae Jung
1
ORCID: ORCID
SeokBon Koo
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kee-Ahn Lee
2
ORCID: ORCID
Seong Ho Son
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Advanced Functional Technology R&D Department, Incheon, Republic of Korea
  2. Inha University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Abstract

The individual identification of communication emitters is a process of identifying different emitters based on the radio frequency fingerprint features extracted from the received signals. Due to the inherent non-linearity of the emitter power amplifier, the fingerprints provide distinguishing features for emitter identification. In this study, approximate entropy is introduced into variational mode decomposition, whose features performed in each mode which is decomposed from the reconstructed signal are extracted while the local minimum removal method is used to filter out the noise mode to improve SNR. We proposed a semi-supervised dimensionality reduction method named exponential semi-supervised discriminant analysis in order to reduce the high-dimensional feature vectors of the signals, and LightGBM is applied to build a classifier for communication emitter identification. The experimental results show that the method performs better than the state-of-the-art individual communication emitter identification technology for the steady signal data set of radio stations with the same plant, batch and model.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wei Ge
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Lin Qi
1 2
Lin Tong
1 2
Jun Zhu
1 2
Jing Zhang
1 2
Dongyang Zhao
3
Ke Li
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. School of Information & Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
  2. Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
  3. Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, ShenZhen, GuangDong, 518000, China
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Abstract

To model the nonlinear behaviour of vibrating systems, Taylor expansion with integer powers is often used. Some systems, however, are inherently nonlinear. In the case of a non-integer real exponent, the power-law system cannot be linearised around the equilibrium position using Taylor expansion. The approach presented here provides a simple estimate of the principal frequency of free vibration in systems with power-law restoring force. Without seeking the precise mathematical form of the output waveform, we only focus on the principal frequency. The first step is the use of dimensional analysis to reduce the number of parameters. Two independent non-dimensional groups are formed and functional dependence between them is sought using numerical simulations. Once this dependence is known, the principal frequency of free vibration can be readily determined for any system properties and any initial conditions. Finally, we compare the numerical results to analytical expressions for a few restoring force exponents.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ivan Grega
1
Robert Grega
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jaroslav Homisin
2

  1. Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
  2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Letna 9, 042 00 Kosice, Slovakia
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Abstract

The subject of the paper is the analysis of factors determining the value of multi-entity organizations in the energy sector and their ranking according to the degree of impact on this value. For this purpose, statistical methods were used, which are best suited to determine the order of diagnostic features according to a specific criterion. The survey covered companies from the Polish energy sector, while the process itself is based on aggregated data, which represents the financial data of capital groups currently operating in the Polish energy sector.

The first part of the article presents a short description of the Polish energy sector, paying particular attention to the organizational structure of the sector, i.e. companies operating on the domestic energy market. The nature of a multi-entity enterprise as a typical economic unit in the sector is described. The second part of the article describes the assumptions of multidimensional comparative analysis (MCA) as a tool for comparing multifunctional units. The MCA makes it possible to find the most important parameters or indicators having the greatest impact on the value of a multi-entity organization, i.e. a capital group. The survey covered four companies from the Polish energy sector: TAURON Polska Energia SA, ENEA SA, ENERGA SA and PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna SA.

The study with the use of MCA was conducted in three stages:

- in the first stage, on the basis of information contained in the financial statements, a matrix of diagnostic features was created, describing the financial condition of the examined entity,

- in the second stage, the values of diagnostic variables were normalized/unified; two methods of normalization were applied: the method of standardization and zero unitization,

- in the third stage, the diagnostic variables were grouped using two methods: the model measure of Hellwig’s development and the non-standard measure of development.

The results of the analysis are illustrated by tables and figures.

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Authors and Affiliations

Alicja Byrska-Rąpała
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Abstract

In the paper approximate controllability of second order infinite dimensional system with damping is considered. Applying linear operators in Hilbert spaces general mathematical model of second order dynamical systems with damping is presented. Next, using functional analysis methods and concepts, specially spectral methods and theory of unbounded linear operators, necessary and sufficient conditions for approximate controllability are formulated and proved. General result may be used in approximate controllability verification of second order dynamical system using known conditions for approximate controllability of first order system. As illustrative example using Green function approach approximate controllability of distributed dynamical system is also discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Klamka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Asatur Zh. Khurshudyan
2

  1. Department of Measurements and Control Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
  2. Institute of Mechanics, NAS of Armenia
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Abstract

This paper takes a 50 kW interior permanent magnet brushless DC motor as an example, and explores the influence of the degree of stator slot skew on the overall motor magnetic density and air gap magnetic density; then reveals the influences of stator slot skewed structure on a series of key electromagnetic properties like no-load back electromotive force (B-EMF), cogging torque, electromagnetic torque, torque fluctuation, electromagnetic loss, input power, output power and operating efficiency. On this basis, a relatively best range of the skew degrees is obtained. The research work in this paper has direct reference value for the further improvement of design and manufacture, operation and maintenance, control and protection of such motors.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xue-gui Gan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zhen-nan Fan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jing-can Li
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. The Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Ministry of Education, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
  2. State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract

In this work, authors investigated the effect of the Depth of Field (DoF) reduction, arising when the acquisition of small objects is carried out with a photogrammetry-based system using a Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera and the structure from motion (SfM) algorithm. This kind of measuring instrument is very promising for industrial metrology according to the paradigms of the fourth industrial revolution. However, when increasing the magnification level, necessary for the reconstruction of sub-millimetric features, there is a corresponding decrease of the DoF, leading to possible effects on the reconstruction accuracy. Thus, the effect of the DoF reduction was analysed through the reconstruction of a well-known artefact: the step gauge. The analysis was conducted considering the theory behind the DoF concept, the analysis of the 2D images, input of photogrammetric reconstruction and, finally, the results in terms of dimensional verification of the reconstructed step gauge.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Grazia Guerra
1
Luigi Maria Galantucci
1
Fulvio Lavecchia
1
Leonardo De Chiffre
2

  1. Politecnico di Bari, Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
  2. Technical University of Denmark, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Produktionstorvet 425, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Abstract

Discrete two-dimensional orthogonal wavelet transforms find applications in many areas of analysis and processing of digital images. In a typical scenario the separability of two-dimensional wavelet transforms is assumed and all calculations follow the row-column approach using one-dimensional transforms. For the calculation of one-dimensional transforms the lattice structures, which can be characterized by high computational efficiency and non-redundant parametrization, are often used. In this paper we show that the row-column approach can be excessive in the number of multiplications and rotations. Moreover, we propose the novel approach based on natively two-dimensional base operators which allows for significant reduction in the number of elementary operations, i.e., more than twofold reduction in the number of multiplications and fourfold reduction of rotations. The additional computational costs that arise instead include an increase in the number of additions, and introduction of bit-shift operations. It should be noted, that such operations are significantly less demanding in hardware realizations than multiplications and rotations. The performed experimental analysis proves the practical effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Puchala
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Information Technology, Technical University of Lodz, Poland
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Abstract

Specific emitter identification (SEI) can distinguish single-radio transmitters using the subtle features of the received waveform. Therefore, it is used extensively in both military and civilian fields. However, the traditional identification method requires extensive prior knowledge and is time-consuming. Furthermore, it imposes various effects associated with identifying the communication radiation source signal in complex environments. To solve the problem of the weak robustness of the hand-crafted feature method, many scholars at home and abroad have used deep learning for image identification in the field of radiation source identification. However, the classification method based on a real-numbered neural network cannot extract In-phase/Quadrature (I/Q)-related information from electromagnetic signals. To address these shortcomings, this paper proposes a new SEI framework for deep learning structures. In the proposed framework, a complex-valued residual network structure is first used to mine the relevant information between the in-phase and orthogonal components of the radio frequency baseband signal. Then, a one-dimensional convolution layer is used to a) directly extract the features of a specific one-dimensional time-domain signal sequence, b) use the attention mechanism unit to identify the extracted features, and c) weight them according to their importance. Experiments show that the proposed framework having complex-valued residual networks with attention mechanism has the advantages of high accuracy and superior performance in identifying communication radiation source signals.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lingzhi Qu
1
Junan Yang
1
Keju Huang
1
Hui Liu
1

  1. College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230037, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract

This paper is focused on the theoretical study of heat conduction in the multi-brake system of the automated guided vehicle (AGV). The study aims to compare the amount of heat generated during braking from 10 m/s until a stop in a brake system based on organic and ceramic friction material. The theoretical study of heat conduction is solved in Matlab computational software using a derived Fourier partial differential equation for nonstationary heat conduction. The results of the simulation of the heat conduction are shown in the diagrams and indicate not only the temperature dependence in the period during braking from a speed of 10 m/s to a stop but also the amount of heat accumulated in the steel disc during braking. The simulation results show that braking in both brake systems generates approximately the same amount of heat. The difference occurs in the period of thermal activity, which was influenced by the length of the braking distance. This is caused by a coefficient of friction that significantly affects the final braking result. Finally, it can be stated that the brake system based on organic material must be equipped with a steel disc with a minimum thickness of 8 mm. This is because the brake system based on organic friction material has a set temperature limit of 160 degrees Celsius. The results presented in this study will help an engineer constructor to choose the right procedures and parameters of geometry for designing the mentioned braking system for the considered AGV.
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Authors and Affiliations

Daniel Varecha
1
Róbert Kohár
1
Michal Lukáč
1

  1. University of Žilina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Design and Mechanical Elements, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia
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Abstract

Illegal elements use the characteristics of an anonymous network hidden service mechanism to build a dark network and conduct various illegal activities, which brings a serious challenge to network security. The existing anonymous traffic classification methods suffer from cumbersome feature selection and difficult feature information extraction, resulting in low accuracy of classification. To solve this problem, a classification method based on three-dimensional Markov images and output self-attention convolutional neural network is proposed. This method first divides and cleans anonymous traffic data packets according to sessions, then converts the cleaned traffic data into three-dimensional Markov images according to the transition probability matrix of bytes, and finally inputs the images to the output self-attention convolution neural network to train the model and perform classification. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy and F1-score of the proposed method for Tor, I2P, Freenet, and ZeroNet can exceed 98.5%, and the average classification accuracy and F1-score for 8 kinds of user behaviors of each type of anonymous traffic can reach 93.7%. The proposed method significantly improves the classification effect of anonymous traffic compared with the existing methods.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xin Tang
1 2
Huanzhou Li
1 2
Jian Zhang
1 2
Zhangguo Tang
1 2
Han Wang
1 2
Cheng Cai
1 2

  1. School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, Sichuan, China
  2. Institute of Network and Communication Technology, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, Sichuan, China
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Abstract

The paper presents the original concept of description and analysis of buildings (wall and floor structures), corresponding to the natural components of construction, quasi finite elements (QWSFS). This concept constitutes one of the component of the developed, interactive model of deep foundation buildings. The presented modelling method enables a significant reduction of the number of unknowns, which in the case of interaction building – subsoil, gives a possibility of including the factual geometry and building development stiffness into the FEM model. Therefore the true representation of static operation of the objects can be analysed. The paper gives basic assumptions to the construction of the QWSF-superelements as well as the results of numerical tests conducted. The potential of using the developed modelling concept in the analysis of the structural elements and deep foundation problems, in a three-dimensional system: subsoil – new building – potential neighbouring building development (at each stage of erection of investment, using a structural statics stage analysis) was presented.
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Authors and Affiliations

Czesław Miedziałowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Leonas Ustinovichius
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering And Environmental Sciences, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok
  2. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Abstract

The main purpose of the study is to investigate the mechanical properties around an underground gas storage cavern in bedded salt rock. Firstly, considering the characteristics of the salt rock formation in China, the mechanical model was simplified into a hollow cylinder, which containing non-salt interlayer. In terms of elastic theory, Love displacement function was developed, and the elastic general solution of stress and deformation components were obtained after determining the undetermined coefficients. Under the same condition, numerical simulation was carried out. The validity of the elastic general solution is verified by comparing to numerical simulation results. Furthermore, Based on the feasible general elastic solution, viscoelastic solution was obtained through Laplace transformation and inverse Laplace transform, which could provide reference for the study on the stability and tightness of underground gas storage carven during operation to some extent.

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Authors and Affiliations

P. Xie
H.J. Wen
G.J. Wang
J. Hu
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Abstract

This work aims to further compensate for the weaknesses of feature sparsity and insufficient discriminative acoustic features in existing short-duration speaker recognition. To address this issue, we propose the Bark-scaled Gauss and the linear filter bank superposition cepstral coefficients (BGLCC), and the multidimensional central difference (MDCD) acoustic feature extracted method. The Bark-scaled Gauss filter bank focuses on low-frequency information, while linear filtering is uniformly distributed, therefore, the filter superposition can obtain more discriminative and richer acoustic features of short-duration audio signals. In addition, the multi-dimensional central difference method captures better dynamics features of speakers for improving the performance of short utterance speaker verification. Extensive experiments are conducted on short-duration text-independent speaker verification datasets generated from the VoxCeleb, SITW, and NIST SRE corpora, respectively, which contain speech samples of diverse lengths, and different scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the existing acoustic feature extraction approach by at least 10% in the test set. The ablation experiments further illustrate that our proposed approaches can achieve substantial improvement over prior methods.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yunfei Zi
1
Shengwu Xiong
1

  1. School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan, China
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Abstract

In zinc electrowinning, small amounts of manganese ions additives are needed in the electrolyte to reduce the corrosion of anodes and minimize the contamination of cathodic zinc by dissolved lead. However, excess manganese oxide could cover the dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) surface and decrease their service life. Additives of phosphoric acid are put in the electrolyte to complex the manganic Mn3+ ion and hence reduce its disproportionation to MnO2. In the investigation, phosphoric acid was added to sulfuric acid or zinc electrolytes, and conventional and recent electrochemical measurements were carried out to examine electrochemical behaviour of DSA (Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5) anode during zinc electrolysis at 48 mA/cm2 and 39°C. It was observed that the anodic potentials of DSA anodes were lower by 27 mV after 5 h polarization in the zinc electrolyte containing 35 g/L phosphoric acid at 39°C. Electrochemical impedance measurements show that the addition of 35 ml/L H3PO4 to the zinc electrolyte can increase impedance resistances of the DSA mesh anodes. Cyclic voltammogram studies (CV) at a scan rate of 5 mV/s without agitation show that the oxidation peak in the solution with 35 ml/L phosphoric acid addition is highest, followed by that with 17 ml/L phosphoric acid addition and that without addition of phosphoric acid.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wei Zhang
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Georges Houlachi
3
ORCID: ORCID
Sanae Haskouri
2
ORCID: ORCID
Edward Ghali
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Hunan University of Technology, School of Metallurgical, ZhuZhou, China, 412002
  2. Laval University, Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Quebec, QC, Canada, G1K 7P4
  3. Hydro-Québec research institute, Shawinigan, QC, Canada, G9N 7N5
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Abstract

Abiotic stressors contribute to growth restriction and developmental disorders in plants. Early detection of the first signs of changes in plant functioning is very important. The objective of this study was to identify chlorophyll fluorescence parameters that change under phosphorus deficiency stress in cucumber. In this work, a trail to study the early changes caused by phosphorus deficiency in cucumber plants by analysing their photosynthetic performance is presented. Chlorophyll- a fluorescence (ChF) parameters were measured every 7 days for a period of 28 days. Measurements were made separately on young and old leaves and on cucumber fruit. Parameters that decreased during the stress were: p2G, PI abs, PI total, REo/CS o, and TRo/CSo. P deficiency decreased total electron carriers per RC ( ECo/RC), yields ( TRo/ABS ( Fv/Fm), ETo/TRo, REo/ETo, ETo/ABS and REo/ABS), fluxes ( REo/RC and REo/CSo) and fractional reduction of PSI end electron acceptors, and damaged all photochemical and non-photochemical redox reactions. Principal component analysis revealed a group of ChF parameters that may indicate early phosphorus deficiency in cucumber plants. Our results are used in the discovery of sensitive bioindicators of phosphorus deficiency in cucumber plants. Most JIP test parameters are linked to mathematical equations, so we recommend using of advanced statistical tools, such as principal component analysis, which should be considered very useful for stress identification. It has also been shown to be more effective in multivariate methods compared to univariate statistical methods was demonstrated.
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Authors and Affiliations

Leszek Sieczko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Dąbrowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Kowalczyk
3
ORCID: ORCID
Janina Gajc-Wolska
3
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Borucki
4
ORCID: ORCID
Monika Janaszek-Mańkowska
5
ORCID: ORCID
Waldemar Kowalczyk
6
ORCID: ORCID
Domenica Farci
7
Hazem M. Kalaji
7
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Department of Biometry, Institute of Agriculture, 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Poland
  3. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Poland
  4. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Poland
  5. Warsaw University of Life – SGGW, Department of Fundamentals of Engineering and Power Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Poland
  6. The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland
  7. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Poland
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Abstract

The Fitzhugh-Nagumo model (FN model), which is successfully employed in modeling the function of the so-called membrane potential, exhibits various formations in neuronal networks and rich complex dynamics. This work deals with the problem of control and synchronization of the FN reaction-diffusion model. The proposed control law in this study is designed to be uni-dimensional and linear law for the purpose of reducing the cost of implementation. In order to analytically prove this assertion, Lyapunov’s second method is utilized and illustrated numerically in one- and/or two-spatial dimensions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adel Ouannas
1
Fatiha Mesdoui
2
Shaher Momani
2 3
Iqbal Batiha
4 3
Giuseppe Grassi
5

  1. Laboratory of Dynamical Systems and Control, University of Larbi Ben M’hidi, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria
  2. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
  3. Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
  4. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Irbid National University, 2600 Irbid, Jordan
  5. Dipartimento Ingegneria Innovazione, Universitadel Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy

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