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Estimation of the dietary exposure to pesticide residues in Polish crops in 2006

Anna Nowacka Bogusław Gnusowski
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2007 | vol. 47 | No 4 | 469-476
Keywords Pesticide residues dietary exposure crops
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Abstract

The most important factors influencing the human development and health condition are nutrition habits. The quality of food including first of all health safety as well as usable attributes of products often decides about the consumer choice. Safe food should be characterized by both, adequate nutritive value and the tolerably low content of substances which presence could be a risk and threat for health, e.g. pesticide residues. The aim of the study was to estimate long-term and short-term intake of pesticide residues in Polish fruit and vegetables in 2006. The estimation of dietary exposure was based on pesticide residue data from official control of domestic crops carried out by Institute of Plant Protection and on British food consumption data.The estimated dietary intake has shown the chronic dietary exposure of consumers to the pesticide residues in 2006 in Polish crops was relatively low. For fourteen pesticide residues found in apples the long-term intake did not exceed for adult 1.4% and for toddlers 7.6% of the ADI calculated for each compound and respectively 5.1% and 28.3% of the ADI for all compounds total. For eleven residues found in black currants the data were respectively for adult 1.1% and for toddlers 3.3% of the ADI calculated for each compound and 3.3% and 10.3% of the ADI for all compounds total. The long-term exposure values for other 29 commodities were much lower than those for black currant. An acute dietary exposure was estimated for residues of endosulfan in black currants, fenhexamid in raspberries and captan in sour cherries. An acute dietary exposure did not exceed 18.9% for adults and for toddlers 43.2% of the ARfD. The results show that Polish fruit and vegetables are safe in long- as well as in short-term nutrition.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Nowacka
Bogusław Gnusowski

Pesticide Residues In Apples (2005–2010)

B. Łozowicka P. Kaczyński
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2011 | vol. 37 | No 3
Keywords Pesticide residues apples dietary exposure
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Abstract

Fruit and vegetables constitute an essential part of human diet and that is why they should be “safe”.

Chemical contaminants of plant origin in food, including the pesticide residues, are defined as critical differentiators of quality and food safety. Pesticide residues are found in fruits, vegetables, cereals and herbs chemically

protected at low concentrations, but they are one of the elements that affect the quality of healthcare.

The aim of this study was to assess the pesticide residues in apples from the north-eastern Poland (Lubelskie,

Podlaskie and Warmińsko-Mazurskie provinces) and get an answer whether any contamination in fruit from the

region is similar to that in other countries and whether it can lead to exposure of consumer’s health. Also assessed compliance of used pesticides with applicable law and found residues were compared with the Maximum

Residue Levels (MRLs). The study showed that 59% of the samples of apples from the north-eastern Poland

contain pesticide residues below the MRL, and 7% above the limits. The estimated dietary intake has shown

the chronic dietary exposure of the most vulnerable groups - children and adults to the pesticide residues in

Polish apples was relatively low and does not constitute a health risk to. The results show that apples from

north-eastern Poland are safe.

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Authors and Affiliations

B. Łozowicka
P. Kaczyński

Health risk assessment of pesticide residues in vegetables collected from Dakahlia, Egypt

Shehata E.M. Shalaby Gehan Y. Abdou Ibrahim M. El-Metwally Gomaa M.A. Abou-elella
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2021 | vol. 61 | No 3 | 254-264 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2021.137951
Keywords pesticides residues risk assessment vegetables
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Abstract

It has already been well established that long exposure to low doses of pesticidesis linked to consumer risks. So, this study purposed to investigate the amounts of pesticide residues and potential health risks associated with them. The risk assessment was determined by two methods: 1. Pesticide toxicity index (PTI) depending on the maximum residue limit (MRL) to calculate the hazard quotient (HQ); 2. Health risk assessment (HR) using acceptable daily intake (ADI) and estimated daily intake (EDI) to calculate the health index (HI). Pesticide residues were estimated in 176samples of the most popularly consumed vegetables collected from major retailers and markets in Dakahlia, Egypt (during 2018). There were 111 samples contaminated with pesticide residues (63.1%), of which 29 samples (16.48%) were higher than the maximum residue limits (MRL).Residues of 23 compounds were found in the analyzed samples, of which chlorpyrifos was the most frequentin 33 samples (18.75%);while cypermethrin was the lowest (detected in one sample). According to WHO toxicity classification, 12 of the detected pesticides were moderately hazardous (class II), seven pesticides belonged to class III (slightly hazardous), three compounds were found in class U (unlikely to pose an acute hazard with normal use), while carbofuran is a highly toxic compound (class Ib). Also, the obtained data revealed that, the HI’s for the individual pesticides ranged from 0.0018 to 64.0% of ADI indicates no risk of adverse effects following exposure to the individual pesticides. The cumulative exposure amounts (PTI values) ranged from 1.58 in snake cucumber to 128.44 in potato tubers, indicating that, the combined risk index of pesticide residues was a significant health risk for consumers according to the individual risk index.It can be concluded that there is a need for strict regulation and regular monitoring of pesticide residues in foodstuff for consumers’ health protection.
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Authors and Affiliations

Shehata E.M. Shalaby
1
ORCID: ORCID
Gehan Y. Abdou
1
Ibrahim M. El-Metwally
2
Gomaa M.A. Abou-elella
1
  1. Pests and Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
  2. Botany Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

Dietary intake of pesticide residue by Polish consumers during 2001

Stanisław Sadło
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2003 | vol. 43 | No 1 | 25-32
Keywords fruits vegetables pesticide residues monitoring
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Abstract

In 2001, a total of 2125 samples of plant origin were analysed for residues of the most commonly used pesticides in Poland. Detectable residues were found in 18% of the samples, while in about 0.9% of the samples the residues exceeded national or/and EU harmonised Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). The long-term (chronic) dietary intake, based on monitoring data, was calculated for 7 pesticides in 9 commodities. The intake of 1 of the pesticide analysed (endosulfan/black currant combination) exceeded 1 % of Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) indicating a sufficient margin of safety for the adult consumer. The short-term (acute) intake was estimated for 19 pesticides in 12 commodities according to the European Commission recommendations. The ADI level was exceeded for toddlers in 7 cases, carbendazim in mushroom, linuron in carrot, chlorothalonil in greenhouse tomato, tolylfluanid and EBDC in strawberry and flusilazole and diazinon in apple. In all cases, however, the safety factor of 2 for a toddler still existed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Sadło

Human health risk assessment of pesticide residues in fruit, vegetable and cereal samples from Poland – a 5-year survey

Magdalena Jankowska Izabela Hrynko Bożena Łozowicka
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2022 | vol. 62 | No 4 | 385–392 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2022.143231
Keywords agricultural plants dietary exposure hazard quotient pesticide residues risk assessment
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Abstract

Human health risk assessment of pesticide residues in agricultural commodities is a key element of food safety strategy. The present study focused on potential risks resulting from selected fruit, vegetable and cereal samples with pesticide residues exceeding maximum residue levels (MRLs) from a 5-year survey of official control in Poland (2017–2021). A novel, common tool, the EFSA Pesticide Residue Intake Model PRIMo was used for short-term exposure calculation with embedded consumption data from EU Member States. The challenge of the research was to determine whether the International Estimated Short Time Intakes (IESTI) of toxic pesticides in the diet are acceptable or not. For the first time with long-term investigation which involved many legislative changes, we prepared a picture of the most dangerous pesticides present in fruits, vegetables and cereals for the most critical sub-populations of adults and children. We examined whether these substances have the potential to cause harm to humans. From the full spectrum of 545 analyzed pesticides, we considered 13 pesticides above safety limits in the concentration range of 0.03 to 2.5 mg · kg –1. The most frequently detected compound was the non-authorized, organophospate insecticide chlorpyrifos, which poses toxicological risks to humans. The results of acute exposure were up to 93% ARfD for adults and up to 130% for children. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) showed that consumption of agricultural plants with potential risk can be safe for adults and children, with some exceptions. Samples containing flonicamid/Brussel sprouts (HQ = 1.3) and chlorpyrifos/rucola (HQ = 1.1) could have negative health effects on humans. However, an approach which overestimates the exposure due to a worst-case scenario ensures the widest possible safety margin for the consumers.
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Jankowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Izabela Hrynko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bożena Łozowicka
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Laboratory of Food and Feed Safety, Institute of Plant Protection – NRI, Bialystok, Poland

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