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Abstract

In this study, a series of destructive and non-destructive tests were performed on sandstone samples subjected to wetting-drying cycles. A total of 25 Wet-Dry cycles were provided to investigate any significant change in the engineering properties of sandstones in terms of their porosity, permeability, water absorption, density, Q-factor, elastic modulus (E), and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). The overall reduction in the values of density, E, Q-factor, and UCS was noted as 3-4%, 42-71%, 34-62%, and 26-70% respectively. Whereas, the overall appreciation in the values of porosity, permeability, and water absorption was recorded as 24-50%, 31-64%, and 25-50% respectively. The bivariate analysis showed that the physical parameters had a strong relationship with one another and their Pearson’s correlation value (R) ranged from 0.87-0.99. In prediction modeling, Q-factor and E were regressed with the contemplated physical properties. The linear regression models did not provide satisfactory results due to their multicollinearity problem. Their VIF (variance inflation factor) value was found much greater than the threshold limit of 10. To overcome this problem, the cascade-forward neural network technique was used to develop significant prediction models. In the case of a neural network modeling, the goodness of fit between estimated and predicted values of the Q-factor (R2 = 0.86) and E (R2 = 0.91) was found much better than those calculated for the Q-factor (R2 = 0.30) and E (R2 = 0.36) in the regression analysis.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hafiz Muhammad Awais Rashid
1
Muhammad Ghazzali
1
Umer Waqas
1
Adnan Anwar Malik
2
Muhammad Zubair Abubakar
3

  1. University of Engineering and Technology, Department of Geological Engineering, Lahore, Pakistan
  2. Saitama University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Japan
  3. University of Engineering and Technology, Dean Faculty of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Lahore, Pakistan
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Abstract

The welcome and adaptation of optical wireless technology by the modern era has brought forward the concept of an inter-satellite free-space optical communication system. In the present work, I study the combined effect of selection of different operating wavelengths and detector types along with the pointing errors at the transmitter and receiver side on the performance of an inter-satellite free-space optical link. The link performance has been optimized by measuring and analyzing the bit error rate and quality-factor of received signal under different scenarios. Performance of the inter-satellite link has also been investigated considering different modulation formats and data rates for LEO and MEO distances.

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Authors and Affiliations

S. Kaur

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