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Abstract

Hallmark professionalism in probabilistic analysis is to quantify the uncertainties involved in construction materials subject to intrinsic randomness in its physical and mechanical properties and is now gaining popularity in civil engineering arena. As well, knowledge of behaviour of materials is continuously evolving and its statistical descriptors are also changing when more and more data collected or even data updated and hence reliability analysis has to be carried out with the updated data as a continuous process. As per the committee report ACI 544.2R, it is found that there is no attempt made for probabilistic relation between cube compressive strength and cylinder compressive strength for fiber reinforced concrete. In consequence of this report, a robust relation between cube and cylinder of experimentally conducted compressive strength was established by Monte-Carlo simulation technique for different types of fibrous concrete like steel, alkali resistant glass and polyester fibrous concrete before and after thermoshock considering various uncertainties. Nevertheless simulated probabilistic modals, characteristic modals, optimized factor of safety and allowable designed cylinder compressive strength have been developed from the drawn probability of failure graph, which exhibits robust performance in realistic Civil Engineering materials and structures.

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Authors and Affiliations

G. Elangovan
V.M. Rajanandhini
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Abstract

In this paper, the applications of the multivariate data analysis and optimization on vibration signals from compressors have been tested on the assembly line to identify nonconforming products. The multivariate analysis has wide applicability in the optimization of weather forecasting, agricultural experiments, or, as in this case study, in quality control. The techniques of discriminant analysis and linear program were used to solve the problem. The acceleration and velocity signals used in this work were measured in twenty-five rotating compressors, of which eleven were classified as good baseline compressors and fourteen with manufacturing defects by the specialists in the final acoustic test of the production line. The results obtained with the discriminant analysis separated the conforming and nonconforming groups with a significance level of 0.01, which validated the proposed methodology.

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Authors and Affiliations

Déborah Reis
Fernanda Vanzo
Jorge Reis
Marcus Duarte
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of a study on the use of infrared thermography to assess the quality of liquid metal, a basic semi-finished product used in foundry production. EN AC-46000 alloy with the designation AlSi9Cu3(Fe) was used for the study. The crystallization process of the alloy was investigated using the TDA method with a Crystaldigraph device and Optris PI thermal imaging camera. The research describes how to use a thermal imaging camera to assess the quality of aluminium alloys. These alloys, due to their propensity in the liquid state to oxidise and absorb hydrogen, a refining procedure in the melting process. The effects of alloy refining are evaluated during technological tests of hydrogen solubility, density and casting shrinkage. The results presented in this paper showed that there is a statistical correlation between the density of the metal and the temperature values from the thermogram of the sample, obtained during its solidification. The existing correlation makes it possible to develop a thermographic inspection algorithm that allows a fast and non-contact assessment of aluminium alloy quality.
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Bibliography

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[6] Pietrowski, S., Gumienny, G., Pisarek, B. & Władysiak, R. (2004). Production control of advanced casting alloys with TDA method. Archives of Mechanical Technology and Automation. 24(3), 131-143, ISSN (1233-9709).
[7] Rapiejko C., Pisarek B., Czekaj E. & Pacyniak T., (2014). Analysis of AM60 and AZ91 Alloy Crystallization in Ceramic Moulds by Thermal Derivative Analysis (TDA). Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 59, doi: 10.2478/amm-2014-0246.
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[9] Pisarek B., Rapiejko C. & Pacyniak T. (2019). Effect of intensive Cooling of Alloy AC-AlSi7Mg with Alloy additions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 64 (2), 677-681. DOI: 10.2478/amm-2019.127598.
[10] Władysiak, R. & Kozuń, A. (2015). An Application for Infrared Camera in Analyzing of the Solidification Process of Al-Si Alloys. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 15(3), 81-84. DOI: 10.1515/afe-2015-0065.
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[12] Sapieta, M., Dekys, V., Kao, M., Pastor, M., Sapietova, A. & Drvarova, B. (2023). Investigation of the mechanical properties of spur involute gearing by infrared thermography. Applied Sciences. 13(10), 5988. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13105988.
[13] Umar M. &·Paulraj S. (2021). Thermography analysis and porosity formation during laser beam welding of AA5083 H111 aluminum alloy. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 146, 1551–1559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10140-z.
[14] Lanc Z., Strbac B., Zeljkovic M., Zivkovic A. & Hadzistevic M. (2018). Emissivity of Aluminium Alloy Using Infrared Thermography Technique. Materials and Technology. 52(3). doi:10.17222/mit.2017.152.
[15] Badulescu C., Grediac M., Haddadi H., Mathias J.-D., Balandraud X. & Tran H.-S. (2011) Applying the Grid Method and Infrared Thermography to Investigate Plastic deformation in Aluminium Multicrystal. Mechanics of Materials, 43(1), 36-53. doi:10.1016/j.mechmat.2010.11.001.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Władysiak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lodz University of Technology, Department of Materials Engineering and Production Systems, Łódź, Poland
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Abstract

Reliable measurement uncertainty is a crucial part of the conformance/nonconformance decision-making process in the field of Quality Control in Manufacturing. The conventional GUM-method cannot be applied to CMM measurements primarily because of lack of an analytical relationship between the input quantities and the measurement. This paper presents calibration uncertainty analysis in commercial CMM-based Coordinate Metrology. For the case study, the hole-plate calibrated by the PTB is used as a workpiece. The paper focuses on thermo-mechanical errors which immediately affect the dimensional accuracy of manufactured parts of high-precision manufacturers. Our findings have highlighted some practical issues related to the importance of maintaining thermal equilibrium before the measurement. The authors have concluded that the thermal influence as an uncertainty contributor of CMM measurement result dominates the overall budgets for this example. The improved calibration uncertainty assessment technique considering thermal influence is described in detail for the use of a wide range of CMM users.
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Bibliography

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[7] Płowucha, W. (2019). Point-straight line distance as model for uncertainty evaluation of coordinate measurement. Measurement, 135, 83–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.11.008
[8] Mussatayev, M., Huang, M., & Beshleyev, S. (2020). Thermal influences as an uncertainty contributor of the coordinate measuring machine (CMM). The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 111, pp. 537–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06012-3
[9] Sładek, J., & G˛aska, A. (2012). Evaluation of coordinate measurement uncertainty with use of virtual machine model based on Monte Carlo method. Measurement, 45(6), 1564–1575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2012.02.020
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[12] International Organization for Standardization (2004). Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Coordinate measuring machines (CMM): Technique for determining the uncertainty of measurement – Part 3: Use of calibrated workpieces or standards (ISO Standard No. ISO/TS 15530-3). https://www.iso.org/standard/38695.html
[13] European Cooperation for Accreditation of Laboratories. (1995). Coordinate Measuring Machine Calibration [Publication Reference, EAL-G17].
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[16] Płowucha, W. (2020). Point plane distances model for uncertainty evaluation of coordinate measurement. Metrology and Measurement Systems, 27(4), 625–639. https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2020.134843
[17] Ruffa, S., Panciani, G. D., Ricci, F., & Vicario, G. (2013). Assessing measurement uncertainty in CMM measurements: comparison of different approaches. International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering, 4(3), 163–168. https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2013057
[18] Cheng Y. B., Chen X. H., & Li Y. R. (2020). Uncertainty Analysis and Evaluation of Form Measurement Task for CMM. Acta Metrologica Sinica, 41(2), 134–138. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.02.02 (in Chinese).
[19] Rost, K., Wendt, K., & Härtig, F. (2016). Evaluating a task-specific measurement uncertainty for gear measuring instruments via Monte Carlo simulation. Precision Engineering, 44, 220–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2016.01.001
[20] Valdez, M. O.,&Morse, E. P. (2017). The role of extrinsic factors in industrial task-specific uncertainty. Precision Engineering, 49, 78–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2017.01.013
[21] Yang, J., Li, G., Wu, B., Gong, J., Wang, J., & Zhang, M. (2015). Efficient methods for evaluating task-specific uncertainty in laser-tracking measurement. MAPAN-Journal Metrology Society of India, 30(2), 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12647-014-0126-9
[22] Haitjema, H. (2019). Calibration of displacement laser interferometer systems for industrial metrology. Sensors, 19(19), 4100. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194100
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[24] Van Gestel, N. (2011). Determining measurement uncertainties of feature measurements on CMMs (Bepalen van meetonzekerheden bij het meten van vormelementen met CMMs) [Doctoral dissertation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven]. Digital repository for KU Leuven Association. https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/157334 [25] Mussatayev, M., Huang, M., & Rysbayeva, G. (2019). Role of uncertainty calculation in dimensional metrology using Coordinate Measuring Machine. ARCTIC Journal, 72(6).
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Authors and Affiliations

Meirbek Mussatayev
1
Meifa Huang
1
Marat Nurtas
2
Azamat Arynov
3

  1. Guilin University of Electronic Technology, School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, 1 Jinji Rd, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
  2. International Information Technology University, Department of Mathematical and Computer Modelling, Kazakhstan
  3. School of Engineering at Warwick University, United Kingdom
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Abstract

Nondestructive and contactless online approaches for detecting defects in polymer films are of significant interest in manufacturing. This paper develops vision-based quality metrics for detecting the defects of width consistency, film edge straightness, and specks in a polymeric film production process. The three metrics are calculated from an online low-cost grayscale camera positioned over the moving film before the final collection roller and can be implemented in real-time to monitor the film manufacturing for process and quality control. The objective metrics are calibrated to correlate with an expert ranking of test samples, and results show that they can be used to detect defects and measure the quality of polymer films with satisfactory accuracy.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nathir Rawashedeh
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Paniz Hazaveh
1
Safwan Altarazi
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Michigan Technological University, College of Computing, USA
  2. German Jordanian University, School of Applied Technical Sciences, Jordan
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of use of synchronous culture of Chlorella vulgaris algae as a biotest in water quality control. In the experiment the samples of water collected from seven sampling points in Goczałkowice Reservoir were used. The criterion of changes was the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, from 24'" hour of the cell life cycle, separated by HPLC technique. On the basis of changes taking place in the cells of the algae cultures it was possible to establish the timing of the flood period and autumnal changes in a water quality. It was also proved that the water quality in the main water current that fall into the western part of reservoir carried by the Wisła River after the flood period significantly differed from the water quality in the other parts of the reservoir, particularly in its eastern section.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Czaplicka-Kotas
Joanna Lodowska
Adam Wilczok
Zbigniew Ślusarczyk
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Abstract

The aim was to analyze the quality of commercial shampoo without prophylactic effect for dogs. The analysis was based on the evaluations and requirements established for human-line products since there is no guide for veterinary products in Mexico; such evaluations have not been carried out or published in Mexico. Physicochemical, sensory, performance, and consumer information tests of the shampoo were carried out. The sample consisted of twenty products marketed in Mexico City. During the evaluation of the label, a serious non-compliance with applicable regulations was found. The pH of the products ranged between 5.6 and 8.4; Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between the three groups with low (6.1), medium (7.2), and high (8.1) pH. Viscosity values were from 1131 to 3102. For the foam index, no statistically significant differences were found. 100% of the products analyzed complied with the rest of the quality tests carried out. The results of the quality analysis in this study will allow veterinarians specializing in small species to better select and recommend the products for their use and inform dog owners, about the safety, and value of the products.
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Bibliography


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Budreckiene R, Malinskaite I, Ivaskiene M. (2016). Dogs’ Shampoos for the Coat Care. ASRJETS. 26: 224-229.
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Authors and Affiliations

S.I. Peña-Corona
1
I. Juárez-Rodríguez
2
D. Vargas-Estrada
1
E. Amador-González
3
L. Arvizu-Tovar
2
O. Soberanis-Ramos
2

  1. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University city, without number, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510 Mexico
  2. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University city, without number, Coyocan, Mexico City, 04510 Mexico
  3. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University city, without number, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510 Mexico
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Abstract

Elaborating composites containing waste materials requires study of basic mechanical properties and assessment of their structure quality. The subject of investigation was PPC concrete where aggregate was substituted with PET remaining after beverages bottles grinding. Substitution was done up to 25% (by volume). Waste material was fractioned and applied in various granulations. The main goal was to indicate the influence of such modification on the composite mechanical properties and to examine composite structure quality at macro level. Since PET and quartz differ greatly in density, to perform such examination it was possible to apply the nondestructive ultrasonic method, one of the most common NDT techniques used in material science and industry. The paper presents the effects of substitution of quartz with PET on ultrasonic wave propagation in PCC. The ultrasonic test results (measurements of wave velocity) compared with results of destructive tests (flexural and compressive strength) showed great correlation.

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Authors and Affiliations

J.J. Sokołowska
K. Zalegowski
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Abstract

Abstract Meeting quality characteristics of products and processes is an important issue for customer satisfaction and business competitiveness. It is necessary to integrate new techniques and tools that improve and complement traditional process variables analysis. This paper proposes a new methodological approach to analyze process quality control variables using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. Application of the methodology in the production process of carbonated beverages allowed identifying process variables with the greatest influence on finished product quality. The process variables with the greatest impact on carbon dioxide content in the beverage were the beverage temperature in the filler, the carbo-cooler pressure, and the filler pressure.
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Authors and Affiliations

Juan Cogollo-Florez
1
ORCID: ORCID
Orfani Valencia-Mena
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Quality and Production, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano – ITM, Colombia
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Abstract

Quality profiling seeks to know the quality characteristics of products and processes to improve customer satisfaction and business competitiveness. It is required to develop new techniques and tools that upgrade and complement the traditional analysis of process variables. This article proposes a new methodology to model quality control of the process and product quality characteristics by applying optimization and simulation tools. The application in the production process of carbonated beverages allowed us to identify the most influential variables on the gas content and the degrees Brix of beverage.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jean P. Morán-Zabala
1
Juan M. Cogollo-Flórez
1

  1. Department of Quality and Production, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano – ITM, Colombia
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Abstract

This study uses statistical quality control (SQC) and overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) to examine quality at a porcelain production firm. The study is motivated by the most frequently broken machines in 2019, is the Jigger 01 machine. This paper aims to evaluate the machine’s effectiveness using the OEE method. The OEE determines the scope of the problem to be solved using the SQC method. The average OEE value in 2019 was 70%. Based on the SQC method, the product defect produced is still under control. However, the average defect is still above the company’s tolerance limit of 10%. Consequently, this study offers enhancements utilizing the Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) technique. The results indicate that human resources and machines caused defective products. This paper contributes to providing several improvements that the company can apply to maximize its quality control analysis. After implementing the improvement, the OEE value increases to 74%.
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Authors and Affiliations

Filscha Nurprihatin
Glisina Dwinoor Rembulan
Johanes Fernandes Andry
Sarah Immanuella
Ivana Tita Bella Widiwati
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Abstract

Ensuring the required quality of castings is an important part of the production process. The quality control should be carried out in a fast

and accurate way. These requirements can be met by the use of an optical measuring system installed on the arm of an industrial robot. In

the article a methodology for assessing the quality of robotic measurement system to control certain feature of the casting, based on the

analysis of repeatability and reproducibility is presented. It was shown that industrial robots equipped with optical measuring systems have

the accuracy allowing their use in the process of dimensional control of castings manufactured by lost-wax process, permanent-mould

casting, and pressure die-casting.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Kluz
J. Jaworski
T. Trzepieciński

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