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Number of results: 13
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Abstract

The residual stress analysis is discussed in the paper. However, the author has not intended to present, even partially, all aspects of this very broad problem. The aim of this work has been limited to a review of conternporarily used experimental, numerical and hybrid methods, and to outline the directions of possible developments.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Bijak-Żochowski
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Abstract

Vibrational stress relief (VSR) treatment as a method of stress relief is currently performed on different alloys and sizes as an appropriate alternative for thermal stress relief (TSR) method. Although many studies have been performed to extend the knowledge about this process, analytical studies in the field of VSR process seems to require wider efforts to introduce the concept more clearly and extensively. In this study, a theoretical model is proposed based on an analytical equation. The proposed equation was modified in terms of required variables including frequency, amplitude, and vibration duration to encompass more practical parameters compared to the previous models. Thus, essential VSR parameters including the number of cycles as a representative of treatment duration, strain rate as a representative of frequency, and the amplitude were embedded in the model to make it comprehensively practical. Experimental tests were also performed and residual stress distribution was measured by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) method for certain points to compare the experimental results with the theoretical output. An acceptable range of conformation was observed between theoretical and experimental results.
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Bibliography

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[9] J-S. Wang, C-C. Hsieh, C-M. Lin, C-W. Kuo, and W. Wu. Texture evolution and residual stress relaxation in a cold-rolled Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy using vibratory stress relief technique. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 44(2):806–818, 2013. doi: 10.1007/s11661-012-1450-8.
[10] W. He, B.P. Gu, J.Y. Zheng, and R.J. Shen. Research on high-frequency vibratory stress relief of small Cr12MoV quenched specimens. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 157-158:1157–1161, 2012. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.157-158.1157.
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[13] T. Jia, Z. Zhang, C. Tang, and Y. Zhang. Numerical simulation of stress-relief effects of protective layer extraction. Archives of Mining Sciences, 58(2):521–540, 2013. doi: 10.2478/amsc-2013-0035.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mehdi Jafari Vardanjani
1
Jacek Senkara
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran.
  2. Department of Welding Engineering,Warsaw University of Technology,Warsaw, Poland.
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Abstract

Residual stress has a great influence on the metal, but it is difficult to measure at small area using a general method. Residual stress calculations using the Vickers indentation can solve this problem. In this paper, a numerical simulation has been made for the residual stress measurement method of metal material deformed by high-speed impact. Then, the stress-strain curve at the high-speed deformation was confirmed through actual experiments, and the residual stresses generated thereafter were calculated by the Vickers indenter method. A Vickers indentation analysis under the same conditions was performed at the position where a residual stress of about 169.39 MPa was generated. Experiments were carried out and high speed impact was applied to the specimen to generate residual stress. The obtained results indicate that it is possible to identify residual stresses in various metals with various shapes through Vickers indentation measurements, and to use them for process and quality control.

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Authors and Affiliations

Changho Jung
Moon G. Lee
Yongho Jeon
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Abstract

To study the anti-seismic performance of steel structure under high temperature, the finite element analysis software ABAQUS was used to study the seismic performance of Q235 steel welded box section column at service stage under normal temperature and high temperature fire. The effects of welding residual stress, slenderness ratio, width thickness ratio and axial load level on the hysteretic behavior of columns were analyzed and the stable bearing capacity and hysteretic performance of the column under high temperature were investigated. The results show that the maximum bearing capacity of the column decreases with the increase of the residual stress peak value. With the increase of temperature, a decrease in the maximum bearing capacity of columns under constant axial force and horizontal cyclic load and an increase in the ductility occur.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yadi Fu
1
Xueyu Dai
2
Huidi Zhang
2
Yimin Wang
1

  1. Beijing Construction Engineering Group Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
  2. Department of Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) finite element analyses (FEA) are performed to simulate the local compression (LC) technique on the clamped single-edge notched tension (SE(T)) specimens. The analysis includes three types of indenters, which are single pair of cylinder indenters (SPCI), double pairs of cylinder indenters (DPCI) and single pair of ring indenters (SPRI). The distribution of the residual stress in the crack opening direction in the uncracked ligament of the specimen is evaluated. The outcome of this study can facilitate the use of LC technique on SE(T) specimens.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yifan Huang
Wenxing Zhou
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Abstract

The aim of the paper is the residual stress analysis of AlSi10Mg material fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The SLM technique allows to product of complex geometries based on three-dimensional model, in which stiffness and porosity can be precisely designed for specific uses. As the studied material, there were chosen solid samples built in two different directions: parallel (P-L) and perpendicular (P-R) to the tested surface and cellular lattice built in perpendicular direction, as well. In the paper, for the complex characterization of obtained materials, the phase analysis, residual stress and texture studies were performed. The classical non-destructive sin2ψ method was used to measure the residual stress measurements.

The final products, both solid sample and cellular lattice, have a homogeneous phase composition and consist of solid solution Al(Si) (Fm-3m) type, Si (Fd-3m) and Mg2Si (Pnma). The obtained values of the crystallite size are in a range of 1000 Å for Al(Si), 130-180 Å for Si phase. For Mg2Si phase, the crystallite sizes depend on sintering process, they are 800 Å for solid samples and 107 Å for cellular lattice. The residual stress results have the compressive character and they are in a range from –5 to –15 MPa.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Karolus
J. Maszybrocka
A. Stwora
G. Skrabalak
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Abstract

The paper presents a summary of research on the possibility of influencing the state of residual stresses in railway rails by changing the pass design of vertical and horizontal straightener rollers and optimising their distribution on the rail perimeter. The presented results are devoted to the influence of profiled rollers on the level of residual stresses. A wide range of theoretical considerations were carried out based on the use of the finite element method using the commercial Forge software package. In order to verify the results of the theoretical considerations most reliably, a series of “in situ” experiments were conducted in industrial conditions on an existing production line. The tests were carried out on 120 meters long 60E1 railway rails. A significant reduction in the level of residual stresses compared to the standard requirements was achieved.
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Authors and Affiliations

S. Żak
1
ORCID: ORCID
D. Woźniak
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. ArcelorMittal Poland S.A., Al. Józefa Piłsudskiego 92, 41-300 Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland
  2. Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy, ul. Karola Miarki 12, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

The article presents the results of the last stage of work on the impact of changes in the roll pass design on the state of residual stresses in railway rails. The discussed stage includes the summary of industrial experiments of rolling 60E1 rails with a length of 120 meters using a modified pass design of roll grooves. The rolling technology has been deeply modified, ranging from the finishing stand, through the pre-finishing stand, to the semi-finishing stand. The rails in this experiment were cooled using standard cooling technology and then straightened using innovative vertical straightener shaped rollers. Residual stresses were tested using the strain gauge method and the hole-drilling strain gauge method by drilling a hole in the rail axis and at a distance of 14 millimetres from its axis. The resulting tensile stresses in the rail foot were reduced to an average level of less than 43% in relation to the requirements of the EN13674-1 standard.
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Authors and Affiliations

S. Żak
1
ORCID: ORCID
D. Woźniak
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. ArcelorMittal Poland S.A., 92 Józefa Piłsudskiego 9 Av. 41-308 Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland
  2. Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy, 12 Karola Miarki Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

Industries that rely on additive manufacturing of metallic parts, especially biomedical companies, require material science-based knowledge of how process parameters and methods affect the properties of manufactured elements, but such phenomena are incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the influence of selective laser melting (SLM) process parameters and additional heat treatment on mechanical properties. The research included structural analysis of residual stress, microstructure, and scleronomic hardness in low-depth measurements. Tensile tests with specimen deformation analysis using digital image correlation (DIC) were performed as well. Experiment results showed it was possible to observe the porosity growth mechanism and its influence on the material strength. Specimens manufactured with 20% lower energy density had almost half the elongation, which was directly connected with the porosity growth during energy density reduction. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment allowed for a significant reduction of porosity and helped achieve properties similar to specimens manufactured using different levels of energy density.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Kluczyński
L. Śnieżek
ORCID: ORCID
K. Grzelak
ORCID: ORCID
A. Oziębło
K. Perkowski
J. Torzewski
I. Szachogłuchowicz
K. Gocman
M. Wachowski
ORCID: ORCID
B. Kania
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Abstract

In this research work, Ti6Al4V alloy material was subjected to electric discharge machining (EDM) and its fatigue life was investigated at low cycle fatigue mode. In order to evaluate the influence of recast layer generated during the machining process on the fatigue life, samples prepared using end milling process were also subjected to similar tests and a comparative analysis is presented. Data were observed in the fully reversed fatigue mode at room temperature using samples fabricated as per ASTM standard E606. The specimen were machined on a spark electric discharge die sink machine which were subjected to fatigue, and the recorded fatigue lives were compared with the fatigue life of end milled specimen. The machined surfaces were examined through optical and scanning electron microscopes, and the roughness was measured with a standard profilometer. It was observed that when the discharge current is augmented, the recast layer formed was in the range of 20 to 70 µm thick. From the results, it is being concluded that fatigue life of the samples fabricated by EDM is less for various load conditions when compared with that of the end milled sample. The milled sample at 160 MPa load exhibited 2.71×105 cycles, which is 64% more when compared to EDM sample.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Eakambaram
M. Anthony Xavior
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Abstract

The machining residual stress produced in the cutting process of aluminum alloy parts can easily lead to a scrap of the processed parts. In order to reduce the residual stress of aluminum alloy in the milling process, based on the Taguchi-Grey relational approach, the effects of different milling parameters on the residual stress and surface roughness of 2A12 aluminum alloy were studied. To reduce the residual stress and surface roughness of 2A12 aluminum alloy, optimized milling parameters were obtained. To further reduce the milling residual stress of 2A12 aluminum alloy, the samples processed by the optimized milling parameters were treated by cryogenic treatment and artificial aging. The residual stress of the sample was measured by the blind hole drilling method, and the evolution mechanism of the microstructure to reduce the machining residual stress was revealed. The results show that the combination of deep cooling treatment and oil bath aging can effectively reduce the residual stress on the machined surface of the aluminum alloy and facilitate a more uniform distribution of the residual stress inside the specimen. The effect of the coarse second phase on the residual stress in the microstructure is not significant, and the fine and diffusely distributed precipitation phase is beneficial to the reduction of the residual stress in the aluminum alloy.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yao Huang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xianguo Yan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ruize Yuan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zhi Chen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Liang Tang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ao Shen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xuemei Niu
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, China
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Abstract

New approach using direct crack width calculations of the minimum reinforcement in tensile RC elements is presented. Verification involves checking whether the provided reinforcement ensures that the crack width that may result from the thermal-shrinkage effects does not exceed the limit value. The Eurocode provisions were enriched with addendums derived from the German national annex. Three levels of accuracy of the analysis were defined - the higher the level applied, the more significant reduction in the amount of reinforcement required can be achieved. A methodology of determining the minimum reinforcement for crack width control on the example of a RC retaining wall is presented. In the analysis the influence of residual and restraint stresses caused by hydration heat release and shrinkage was considered.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Knauff
B. Grzeszykowski
A. Golubińska

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