Pod koniec XX w. dzięki wykorzystaniu metod fizycznych ludzkość uzyskała możliwość wykonywania dokładnych pomiarów czasu minionego za pomocą niezwykle czułych urządzeń.

Highly sensitive devices such as the SHRIMP IIe/MC ion microprobe help scientists to make precise measurements of past time-scales, paleoclimatic temperatures, and much more.

The fairy shrimp is a freshwater crustacean found in both temporary and permanent freshwaters. In Thailand, fairy shrimp are farmed as live food for ornamental fish. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial compositions in two fairy shrimp species, Branchinella thailandensis and Streptocephalus sirindhornae. Both species were cultured, and total DNA was extracted. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using Illumina Miseq. All data were analyzed by Illumina 16S Metagenomics (version 1.0.1) workflow in Base Space- Illumina. Each read was blasted against the Illumina-curated version of the Greengenes database to determine the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) corresponding to the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The results showed that the Shanon-Weiner diversity index of bacterial compositions in B. thailandensis and S. sirindhornae were 2.135 and 3.122, respectively. The evenness and genus-level richness of the bacterial composition in B. thailandensis were 0.364 and 354 genera, respectively. The dominant bacterium found in B. thailandensis was Nevskia. In S. sirindhornae, the evenness and genus-level richness of the bacterial composition were 0.521 and 400 genera, respectively. Azohydromonas was the dominant bacterium. Our results showed that the compositions and proportions of bacterial communities were specific to each species of fairy shrimp. This study will be useful for further experiments in aquaculture and ecological studies related to symbiotic interaction.

This study aims to assess the quality of lagoon water used as a dumping ground for shrimp farming waste. The research uses the descriptive method. The research was conducted at the Shrimp Cultivation Site in the Banaran Kulon Progo Village, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research focuses on physicochemical parameters, including temperature, pH, total suspended solid ( TSS), dissolved oxygen ( DO), ammonium (NH ₄-N), nitrate (NO ₃-N), and phosphate. The sampling technique is based on SNI 6989.57:2008. Sampling was carried out 48 times in 3 lagoons during rainy and dry seasons. Dialysis data was descriptively classified with the help of Storage and Retrieval of Water Quality Data System (STORET) and water quality was generally classified as C (moderately polluted) and D (heavily polluted) categories in dry and rainy seasons. The results showed that in the rainy season the highest pH, nitrate and phosphate levels of 8.3, and 6.1 and 20.8 mg∙dm ^–3, were up to 15% less than in the dry season in the same point. Thus, it can be concluded that these values from the STORET in the dry season are larger than those in the rainy season. The study results are expected to become a basis for the evaluation of the quality of shrimp farming wastewater so that environmental health can be controlled and the risk of waste pollution reduced.

The Blue Dyke and Jardine Peak are subvertical hypabyssal intrusions cutting a stratiform volcanic sequence in the Admiralty Bay area on King George Island (South Shetlands, Antarctica ). The rocks are porphyritic, crystal-rich basaltic andesites. Tiny zircon crystals were used for single grain SHRIMP U-Pb dating. The mean ages calculated for the zircon populations from both intrusions indicates Late Oligocene (Chattian) formations. Zircon grains from the Blue Dyke gave the mean age of 27.9±0.3 Ma, whereas those from the Jardine Peak are slightly younger displaying the mean age of 25.4 ± 0.4 Ma: a Late Oligocene (Chattian) crystallization age the inferred of both these intrusions. These are much younger than previous Eocene K-Ar and Ar-Ar ages for such rocks and suggest that formation of the King George Island intrusions can be related to tectonic processes that accompanied the opening of the Drake Passage.

This research analysed the availability of phytoplankton and the growth rate of Vannamei shrimp in relation to water quality changes. The research was carried out in February–March 2021 for a half cycle of shrimp cultivation in two ponds of the Brackish Water Fish Culture Probolinggo Laboratory in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. The research used a descriptive method and included a survey. Sampling was made every two weeks for two months. Nine parameters were measured and ten shrimps were taken for a specific growth rate ( SGR) measurement once per sampling. Data were analysed using the principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Secondary data of water quality were added for the PCA. The results show that the phytoplankton found in the first pond consisted of Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, and Cyanophyta, whereas the phytoplankton in the other pond included Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, Cyanophyta, and Dinophyta. The abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 12–80∙10 ³ cell∙cm ^–3, which indicated eutrophic waters. The PCA demonstrated that pH, nitrate, and total organic matter (TOM) significantly influenced phytoplankton abundance in the pond. In addition, water quality parameters, such as temperature, transparency, salinity, nitrite and phosphate levels, were tolerable in both ponds for the growth of shrimps. However, the level of pH was lower than the aquaculture quality standard, whereas those of nitrate, ammonia, and TOM were higher. The growth rate of Vannamei shrimp increased by 0.76–7.34%∙day ^–1.

Charnockites – i.e., orthopyroxene-bearing felsic rocks – were formed in a deep-seated dry environment, either under plutonic or high-grade metamorphic conditions. Most charnockites known from the crystalline basement of Poland appear to be of Mesoproterozoic age (1.50–1.54 Ga), cogenetic with the Suwałki Anorthosite Massif, and associated with mangerite and granite members forming the AMCG suite of the Mazury Complex. Genetically distinct rocks, characterised by the presence of anhydrous minerals, e.g., orthopyroxene and garnet, were also recognised along 592 m of the Łanowicze PIG-1 borehole section, within the AMCG suite. U-Pb geochronology by sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) was used to date the complexly zoned zircons. The ages of crystallisation of the charnockite protoliths from various depths at 1837±7, 1850±9, 1842±6, and 1881±16 Ma makes these rocks the oldest dated crust within this part of the Polish basement. The Łanowicze PIG-1 borehole section bears components from neighbouring tectonic domains known from Lithuania: the West and Middle Lithuanian (WL/MLD) domains considered as a continental margin at 1.84–1.86 Ga and the fragmented Latvia-East Lithuania (LEL) domain, where the oldest continental crust was generated at c. 1.89– 1.87 Ga. The metamorphic zircon overgrowths document a high-grade event at 1.79 Ga and then constrained at 1.5 Ga. Dating of pre-Mesoproterozoic crust cryptic within the AMCG Mazury Complex provides valuable information on the nature of the pre-existing blocks formed during the long lasting Svecofennian orogeny.